1、環(huán)境類常用詞表A*A/O-anoxic and aerobic oxidation 缺氧/好氧氧化*AAS- atomic absorption spectrophotometry 原子吸收光譜abiotica.非生物的ABS-alkylbenzene sulfonate 烷基苯磺酸鹽 abscissan.橫坐標(biāo)*absorbancen.吸光度absorbaten.被吸收的物質(zhì)absorbentn.吸收劑*absorptionn.吸收作用accessoryn.附屬品，附件acclimationn.馴化accumulatorn.蓄電池acet- 乙酰，次乙基acetamiden.乙酰胺*acet

2、aten.乙酸鹽acetenyl- 乙炔基*acetonen.丙酮*acetylenen.乙炔acidimetryn.酸量滴定法acrylica.丙烯酸的activated adsorptionn.活性吸附activated aluminan.活性氧化鋁*activated carbonn.活性炭*activated sludge aeration 活性污泥曝氣*activityn.活度acyln.?；?additiven.添加劑*adiabatica.絕熱的adsorbentn.吸附劑*adsorptionn.吸附作用adsorption bar 吸附等壓線adsorption isothe

3、rm 吸附等溫線adversea.不利的，有害的;逆的，相反的 *adverse current逆流aer(o)- 空氣，氣體*aeratev.曝氣*aerationn.曝氣*aerobica.好氧的aerogeln.氣凝膠aerogenic bacterian.產(chǎn)氣菌*aerosoln.氣溶膠affinityn.親合力*agarn.瓊脂*agentn.試劑airborne dustn.飄塵airbornea.飛行空中的，空運的，空降的al 醛*aldehyden.醛*algaen.(pl.)海藻，藻類algiciden.殺藻劑，除藻劑* aliphatica.脂肪的*alkalin.堿，強堿

4、alkalic metal堿金屬*alkanen.烷*alkenen.烯烴alkyln.烷基alkyl mercuryn.烷基汞allyln.烯丙基alumn.硫酸鋁，明礬aluminum sulfaten.硫酸鋁*ambienta.周圍的，環(huán)境的 n.環(huán)境，環(huán)繞空間*amiden.酰胺*aminen.胺*amino-氨基*ammonia nitrogen n.氨氮ammonia-soda process 氨堿法*ammoniumn.銨(NH4+)amphoterica.兩性的amyl- 戊基amylolysisn.淀粉水解amylopectinn.支鏈淀粉amylosen.直鏈淀粉*anae

5、robica.厭氧的*anaerobic digestionn.厭氧消化*analytic balancen.分析天平-ane 烷（飽和）anhydriden.（酸）酐*anilinen.苯胺*anionica.陰離子的anisotropica.各向異性的annulara.環(huán)形的，輪形的*anoxica.缺氧的antifoamern.防沫劑，消泡劑apparatusn.儀器，裝置appurtenancen.附屬設(shè)備，附件aquatica.水生的*aquifern.蓄水層aquo-水合argonn.氬*aromatica.芳香的aryln.芳香基asbestosn.石棉asphaltn.瀝青，柏

6、油assayv./n. 化驗，（藥物）分析，檢定assimilatev.同化*atmospheric boundary 大氣邊界層atmospheric dispersion model 大氣彌散模式*atomizern.霧化器autoclaven.高壓釜*auto-exhaust 機動車排氣autopurificationn.自凈作用* autotrophica.自養(yǎng)的autotrophn.自養(yǎng)生物axial-flow pumpn.軸流泵azeotropen.共沸混合物，恒沸物azeotropica.共沸混合物的aziden.疊氮化合物azo- 偶氮基*azo-dyen.偶氮染料azotiz

7、ev.固氮B*back extraction反萃取backupn.支持，備用設(shè)備backwashingn.反沖洗*bafflen.檔板，折流板*bar rack 粗格柵basen.堿，強堿basic carbonate堿式碳酸鹽*batchn.一次的份量，一批beakern.燒杯*bench-scalea.小型的，小試的，實驗室規(guī)模的bentoniten.膨潤土*benzo-苯并*benzoica.安香息酸的，苯甲酸的benzoxy- 苯甲酸基 *benzyln.苯甲基*benzenen.苯bicarbonaten.酸式碳酸鹽binarya.由兩部分組成的，二進制的,二元的*bio- 生物的-

8、*bioactivityn.生物活性bioassayn.生物鑒定*biochemicala.生化的*bioconcentration n.生物富集*biodegradablea.生物可降解的bio-disk system生物轉(zhuǎn)盤*biofilmn.生物膜*biologicala.生物學(xué)的*biomassn.生物量biooxidationn.生物氧化*bioremediationn.生物法恢復(fù)補救biospheren.生物圈biotan.生物群biotopen.群落生境*biouptaken.生物吸收blank test空白試驗blowern.鼓風(fēng)機*BOD-biochemical oxygen

9、 demand 生化需氧量*boilern.鍋爐breakdownn.細(xì)目分類break-point chlorination 折點加氯*brinen.鹽水，海水*BTEX-benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,xylene苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯*buffern.緩沖，擋板*bulkingn.膨脹*bulking sludge污泥膨脹bumpern.緩沖器*buretn.滴定管but- 丁*butanen.丁烷butyl-丁基by-productn.副產(chǎn)物C*calibratev.標(biāo)定，校準(zhǔn)*calomeln.甘汞*capillaryn.毛細(xì)管capsulen.容器；航天艙

10、，密封艙；膠囊captionn.標(biāo)題，（圖片的）說明，解說詞carbohydraten.碳水化合物*carbolic a.（苯）酚的carbon mono(o)xiden.一氧化碳*carbonaceousa.碳的，含碳的*carbonyl n.羰基*carboxyl-羧基*carboxylic a.羧基的carcinogenica.致癌的*catalystn.催化劑*cationica.陽離子的*caustica.苛性的cavernousa.多孔的celiten.硅藻土cellulara.細(xì)胞的cellulosen.纖維素center take off中心出水*centrifugala.離心

11、的centrifugen.離心機*centripetal a.向心的*chain reactionn.鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)charn.煤焦charcoaln.木炭chelantn.螯合劑*chlorinationn.氯化作用chlorine n.氯，氯氣chloro-氯chlorobenzenen.氯苯*chlorofluorohydrocarbonn.氯氟烴*chloroformn.氯仿chloroplastn.葉綠體*chromatographyn.色譜法，層析cindern.煤渣，爐渣*cis-順*clarifiern.澄清池，澄清劑claus processn.克勞斯二級脫硫法*CMR-combi

12、native mixed reaction n.完全混和式反應(yīng)器*coagulationn.凝結(jié)coal-tar n.煤焦油coatingn.涂敷，涂布cocatalystn.助催化劑cockn.考克，旋塞*COD-chemical oxygen demand 化學(xué)需氧量*coefficientn.系數(shù)coken.焦炭cold trap n.冷阱*coliformn.大腸桿菌collaborationn.合作，協(xié)作*colloidala.膠狀的*colorimeter n.比色計comminution n.粉碎*common-ion effectn.同離子效應(yīng)comonomer n.共聚單體c

13、ompartment n.隔板，間格，部分compatibility n.兼容性，配伍性*competitive adsorption n.競爭吸附complex n.絡(luò)合物*complexation n.絡(luò)合作用compleximetric a.絡(luò)合滴定的composite n.合成物*compost n.堆肥*concentration n.濃度concentration solubility product濃度溶度積condensation n.冷凝，濃縮*conduit n.導(dǎo)管conjugated acid n.共軛酸*conjugationn.共軛*consecutive reac

14、tionn.連串反應(yīng)conservationn.保存，保護，守恒consistencyn.連貫性，粘稠性*consolen.控制臺，儀表板constant rate pumpn.恒流泵*constant temperature bathn.恒溫浴*constituentn.成分*contaminantn.污染物*contour n.輪廓線，等值線，周道contractor n.立約人，承包商coprecipitate v.共沉淀correlate v.相關(guān)，使相互關(guān)聯(lián) corrode v.腐蝕*corrosionn.腐蝕counter- 逆countercurrent n.逆流courier

15、n.信使，通信員*covalent a.共價的cracking n.裂解*cresol n.甲酚criteria n.規(guī)范，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)*crucible n.坩堝cryogenic a.低溫的crystaln.晶體，水晶crystalline a.晶體的*culture n.培養(yǎng)液cure v.硫化，固化cyanide n.氰化物*cyclone n.旋風(fēng)分離器cylinder n.汽缸Ddata processing數(shù)據(jù)處理databasen.數(shù)據(jù)庫dec-癸deca十decantation n.傾析法*decibel n.分貝deep shaft reactor 深井曝氣degenerate n

16、.退化，變性，變質(zhì) *degrit v.除砂*deplete v.耗盡，弄空*derivativen.衍生物desiccationn.干燥destructive distillation干餾detention n.停留*detergent n.清潔劑，去垢劑deteriorate v.使惡化，損壞dew n.露*dextrorotatory a.右旋光的di- 二*dialysis n.滲析*diaphragm n.橫隔膜diastase n.淀粉酶*diazo- 重氮基diazo salt 重氮鹽*dichromate n.重鉻酸鹽*diesel n.柴油機，內(nèi)燃機differential

17、potentiometric titration 差示電位滴定*diffraction n.衍射diffraction analysis 衍射分析*diffuser n.擴散器digestion n.消化*diolefin n.二烯烴*dioxins n.二惡英dipole moment 偶極距*direct anodic stripping voltammetry 直接陽極溶出伏安法discrepancy n.誤差，偏差discretea.連續(xù)的，離散的*disinfectv.消毒disinfectant n.消毒劑disintegrator n.粉碎機*disposal v.處理，處置di

18、ssolved-air flotation 溶氣浮選法*distillation n.蒸餾*diurnal a.白天的*DO-dissolved oxygen 溶解氧dosage n.劑量*drainage n.排水，排水設(shè)備droplet n.微滴dyes n.染料EE.coli.(escherichia coli) n.埃希氏大腸桿菌ebullating bed 沸騰床ECD-electron capture detector 電子捕獲檢測器*ecology n.生態(tài)學(xué)ecosystemn.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)*effluent n.出水，流出物*EIA-environmental impact as

19、sessment 環(huán)境影響評價*electrocapillarity n.電毛細(xì)管現(xiàn)象 electrolyte n.電解質(zhì)，電解液electronegativity n.電負(fù)性electromicroscope n.電子顯微鏡*electro-osmosis n.電滲透 electroplate n.電鍍*eluant n.洗提液empirical a.經(jīng)驗主義的*emulsion n.乳化液，乳濁液encapsulate v.密封endo- 內(nèi)-*endogenous a.內(nèi)源的*endrin n.異狄氏劑 -ene 烯ennea 九個一組*enthalpy n.焓*entropy n.熵*

20、environmental hormone 環(huán)境激素*enzyme n.酶EPA-environmental protection agency 環(huán)境保護局*epoxy a.環(huán)氧的n.環(huán)氧樹脂epoxy- 環(huán)氧基*equivalent a.等當(dāng)量的erode v.腐蝕erratic a.不穩(wěn)定的,不規(guī)律的 *ester n.酯類-ester 酯esterification n.酯化反應(yīng)estuary n.河口eth- 乙*ether n.醚-ether 醚ethylene n.乙烯eutection a低共熔體的，易熔的eutrophic a.富營養(yǎng)化的eutrophication n.富營養(yǎng)

21、化evaporation n.蒸發(fā)作用 *exchange adsorption n.交換吸附excreta n.排泄物*exothermicity n.放熱性exponent n.指數(shù)*extended aeration 延時曝氣*extracellular enzyme 胞外酶*extraction n.萃取extrapolation n.外推法，推斷Ffacilities n.設(shè)施factoring n.因式分解*facultative a.兼性的ferri- 鐵*ferric a.三價鐵的ferrite n.鐵素體，鐵氧體*ferro- 亞鐵*ferrous a.亞鐵的*filamen

22、tous n.絲狀菌*filtrate n.濾液v.過濾filtration n.過濾flake n.薄片flame spectrophotometry 火焰光度法flap n.活蓋，活板*flask n.燒瓶flex n.軟管*flocculation n.絮凝*flotation n.氣浮，浮選*flowrate n.流量，流速flue-gas desulfurization 煙氣脫硫fluffy a.松散的，易碎的fluidized bed 流化床fluoride n.氟化物fluorimetry n.熒光計fluorine n.氟flush v.沖洗，水淹foliage n.植物，樹葉

23、*formaldehyde n.甲醛*formalin n.福爾馬林*formic a.甲酸的fossil n.化石fractionation n.分餾，分凝free swimming ciliates 游泳型纖毛蟲Freon n.氟利昂front-panel n.面板frothing n.起泡*FRP-fiberglass reinforced plastics 玻璃鋼fugacity n.逸度full-scale n.實際尺寸a.大規(guī)模的fume n.難聞的的氣味 v.煙熏fungi n.真菌fungicide n.除菌劑G*GAC-granular activated carbon 顆粒

24、活性炭galactose n.半乳糖galvanometer n.檢流計*gasifier n.氣化器*GC/MS-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 色質(zhì)聯(lián)用gel n.凍膠，凝膠generic a.屬的，類的geothermal stream 地?zé)崃?glucose n.葡萄糖*glycerol n.甘油，丙三醇granular a.顆粒狀的granulometry n.粒度分析grating n.光柵，格柵gravel n.礫石gravimetric a.測定重量的*greenhouse effect 溫室效應(yīng)grit n.粗砂，磨料gunite n

25、.水泥砂漿層H*halide n.鹵化物*halo- 鹵*halogen n.鹵素handbook n.手冊，指南*hazardous a.危險的，冒險的*headloss n.水頭損失heat capacity at constant pressure 等壓熱容*heat capacity at constant volume 等容熱容helical a.螺旋的helical agitator 螺旋式攪拌器hept- 庚hepta 七herbicide n.除草劑hetero- 雜*heterogeneity n.不均勻性，異相性*heterotrophic a.異養(yǎng)的hex- 己hexa-

26、 六hinder v.阻止，阻礙hood n.通風(fēng)櫥*hopper n.漏斗hose n.膠管*HPLC-high performance liquid chromatography 高壓液相色譜*HRT-hydraulic retention time 水力停留時間*humus n.腐殖質(zhì)*hybridism a.雜化的*hydration n.水合作用*hydraulic a.水力的 *hydro- 氫化*hydrocarbon n.碳?xì)浠衔?，烴類hydrochloric acid 鹽酸*hydrolysis n.水解*hydrophilic a.親水的*hydrophobic a.疏水

27、的hydrosol n.水溶膠hydrostatic a.流體靜力學(xué)的hydroxide n.氫氧化物*hydroxyl- 羥基hygroscopic a.吸濕性的hyperbola n.雙曲線*hypo- 次*hypochlorite n.次氯酸鹽hypothesis n.假設(shè)，前提-ic anhydride 酸酐IC-ion chromatography 離子色譜*imhoff a.雙層的-imide 酰亞胺*-imine 亞胺 immobilize v.使不動，使固定*immobilized enzyme 固定化酶*impeller n.葉輪*in situ n.現(xiàn)場incidence

28、n.發(fā)生率*incinerate v.焚燒*incubation n.培養(yǎng)*indicator n.指示劑inert n.惰性inertia n.慣性*influent n.進水*inhalable a.可吸入的*inhibit v.約束，抑制insecticide n.殺蟲劑*instrumental analysis 儀器分析intake n.攝入量*intermittent a.間歇式的，周期性的*intracellular enzyme n.胞內(nèi)酶*intrinsic a.內(nèi)在的，本質(zhì)的，固有的*inventory n.（商品.物資等）清單，目錄iodine n.碘*ion n.離子*

29、ion exchanger 離子交換劑ionpair n.離子對*IP-inhalable particle 可吸入顆粒物iso- 異isobutyl- 異丁基*isomer n.同分異構(gòu)體*isopiestic a.等壓的*isopropyl n.異丙基*isotope n.同位素*isotropy n.各向同性iterative method 迭代法Jjack n.起重機，千斤頂，插座K*ketone .n.酮*kinetic a.動力學(xué)的 L*lactic a.乳酸的lactose n.乳糖*lagoon n.氧化塘*laminar a.層流的*landfill v.填埋LAS-line

30、ar alkyl benzene sulfonate 線性烷基苯磺酸鹽lathe n.車床lattice n.晶格，點陣，網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)*leachate n.滲出液，瀝出液*lean phase n.貧相l(xiāng)evorotatory a.左旋光的lift pipe 提升管*lignin n.木質(zhì)素*lime n.石灰limestone n.石灰石*liner n.襯里litmus n.石蕊*loading n.負(fù)荷logarithmic a.對數(shù)的*LPG-liquified petroleum gas 液化石油氣lyophilic a.親液的lysimetric a.溶度的M*manifold n.

31、歧管marsh gas 沼氣mass balance 物料衡算*membrane n.膜*mercaptan n.硫醇mercury n.汞meteorological a.氣象學(xué)的，氣象的mesoscale n.中間尺度*meta- 偏,間位*metabolism n.新陳代謝metallurgical a.冶金學(xué)的，冶金術(shù)的metasilicate n.硅酸鹽metastable a.亞穩(wěn)態(tài)的metathesis n.復(fù)分解作用*meth- 甲*methane n.甲烷methodology n.方法學(xué)，分類法*methyl- 甲基*microorganism n.微生物microscre

32、ening n.超濾*MLSS-mixed liquor suspended solid 混合液中懸浮固體*MLVSS- mixed liquor volatile suspended solid 混合液中揮發(fā)性懸浮固體moiety n.部分，半個*molality n.(重量) 摩爾濃度 molarity n.(體積) 摩爾濃度molecular adsorption 分子吸附moment n.矩mono- 單monome n.單體monophase a.單相的 moving-bed reactor 移動床反應(yīng)器*municipal a.市政的mutagenicity n.誘變性*MW-mo

33、lecular weight 分子量 N*n- 正*naphthalene n.萘，衛(wèi)生球*napthene n.環(huán)烷烴*NDIR-nondispersive infrared method 非分散紅外法nebulous a.模糊的neuston n.飄浮生物nitrosation n.亞硝化作用 *nitrile n.腈*nitrite n.亞硝酸鹽*nitro- 硝基*nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮nitroso- 亞硝基*NMHC-non-methane hydrocarbon compounds 非甲烷總烴*NMR-nuclear magnetic resonance sp

34、ectroscopy 核磁共振nocturnal a.夜晚的nomenclature n.術(shù)語non- 壬*normality n.當(dāng)量濃度，正態(tài)性*nucleophilic a.親核的 O*oct- 辛octa 八octane number 辛烷值odor n.氣味off-gas n.廢氣*off-line a.離線的oil refining 煉油，石油精制*-ol 醇*olephilic a.親油的*olephobic a.疏油的olfactory a.嗅覺的-one 酮on-line analysis 在線分析*on-site a.在場的，就地的*ORP-oxidation reduct

35、ion potential 氧化還原電位*ortho- 原，鄰位orthogonal a.直角的，正交的OTEoxygen transfer efficiency 氧傳輸效率*OURoxygen utlization rates 氧利用效率outfall n.排水口overdraft n.透支，透支額*overflow n./v.溢流oxa- 氧雜oxalate n.草酸鹽oxalic acid 草酸oxidant n.氧化劑oxidase n.氧化酶oxidation n.氧化作用-oxide 氧*oxygen sag curve 氧垂曲線oxygen transfer coefficien

36、t 供氧系數(shù)-oyl 酰*ozone depletion 臭氧耗竭*ozonization n.臭氧化P*packing n.填料*PAC-powder activated carbon,polyaluminum chloride 粉末活性炭，聚合氯化鋁paddle n.槳*PAH-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 多環(huán)芳烴PAM-polyacrylamide 聚丙烯酰胺*PAN-peroxy acetyl nitrate 過氧硝酸乙酰酯paper pulp n.紙漿*para- 對，仲*paraffin n.烷烴，石蠟particulate n.顆粒物path

37、ogenic a.病原的，致病的*PCB-polychlorinated biphenyl 多氯聯(lián)苯pent- 戊penta 五*peptide n.肽化合物per- 過*percolate n.滲透液v.過濾percolation n.滲透 perforated plate .多孔板peristaltic pump 蠕動泵permeate v.滲透*peroxide n.過氧化物*peroxy- 過氧*pesticide n.農(nóng)藥petroleum ether n.石油醚PFC-polyferric chloride 聚合氯化鐵*PFR-plug flow reactor 活塞流反應(yīng)器pha

38、rmaceutical a.制藥的，藥學(xué)的phase change 相變*phenol n.酚類phenolic a.酚的phenolic resin n.酚醛樹脂*phenyl n.苯基phosgenen.光氣phosphate n.磷酸鹽（酯）phosphite n.亞磷酸鹽（酯）phosphoric acid 磷酸phosphorus n.磷*photo- 光*photochemical smog 光化學(xué)煙霧photoelectric a.光電的*photolysis n.光解photosensitize v.光敏化*photosynthesis n.光合作用*phreatic pump

39、 潛水泵phthalate n.鄰苯二甲酸鹽（酯）*physicochemical a.物理化學(xué)的*phytoplankton n.浮游植物pigment n.顏料，色素pigmented flagellate n.有色鞭毛蟲pilot-scale n.中試*pinene n.松萜,蒎烯pipeline n.管道，線路，管路*piston compressor 活塞壓縮機pit n.坑，斗*plankton n.浮游生物*plasma n.等離子體plastifier n.增塑劑plate heat exchanger 板式換熱器*plate-and-frame filter press 板框

40、壓濾機*plug-flow n.推流，活塞流PM-particulate matter 顆粒物*pneumatic a.氣動的，氣體的 polarography n.極譜法poly-聚polyacrylamide n.聚丙烯酰胺polycondensation n.縮聚作用*polycyclic a.多環(huán)的polyester n.聚酯polyether n.聚醚polymer n.聚合體*polymeric a.聚合的，聚合物的polyol n.多元醇polysaccharide n.多糖polyurethane n.聚氨酯porcelain n.瓷，瓷器（總稱）*porosity n.孔隙性

41、，多孔性porous a.多孔的*potable a.可飲用的，飲用的*potassium n.鉀*ppb-part per billion 十億分之一*ppm- part per million 百萬分之一*ppt-part per trillion 萬億分之一pressurization n.加壓*primary a.伯的，一級的prism n.棱鏡probalistic a.概率的proceeding n.會刊，科研報告集processing wastewater 工藝廢水prop- 丙propeller n.槳propynyl n.丙炔基prototype n.原型，樣品*protoz

42、oan n.原生動物pseudo-a.偽的*pseudo-first order偽一級反應(yīng)pulp n.紙漿*pump head 泵壓頭*pump lift 泵揚程*PVC-polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯pyrene n.芘pyrx n.硼硅酸玻璃pyridine n.嘧啶*pyrolysisn.熱解Q*qualitative a.定性的*quantitative a.定量的*quasi- 準(zhǔn)*quaternary a.季的，四元的 Rradial n.徑向radial flow tank 輻流式沉淀池*radon n.氡*raffinate n.萃余液，殘液*rainout n

43、.雨洗*rake n.耙rasching ring n.拉西環(huán)rated horsepower 額定功率*RBC-rotating biological contactor 生物轉(zhuǎn)盤*reagent n.試劑*recalcitrant a.難降解的，難對付的，難治理的recess n.凹槽*reciprocating a.往復(fù)的cystallization n.重結(jié)晶rectify v.精餾*reductase n.還原酶reduction gearbox 減速齒輪箱reflux n.回流*refractory a.難降解的refuse n.垃圾，廢物，棄物regeneration n.再生r

44、egulatory a.調(diào)節(jié)的，調(diào)整的reluctance n.磁阻，阻抗replica n.復(fù)制品，拷貝residual analysis 殘差分析*resin n.樹脂retention n.保留，停留reversion extraction 反萃取*RFC-reinforced concrete 鋼筋混凝土rheology n.流變學(xué)rheological a.流變的*rim take off 周邊出水*rising sludge 污泥上浮*roots blower 羅茨鼓風(fēng)機rotifers n.輪蟲*runoff n.地表徑流Ssaccharide n.糖類 salicylic a.水楊酸的salicylic acid 水楊酸salinity n.含鹽量salting out 鹽析，加鹽分離saponification n.皂化sarcoidina n.肉足綱saturated a.飽和的SBR-sequential batch reactor 序批式反應(yīng)器*scour v.沖刷*s