1、9A 期中語法小結(jié)反義疑問句Chapter3 ：Children who lived long ago were lucky, werent they, Lo?反意疑問句，即在陳述句之后附加一個附加簡短問句，由附加問句對前面陳述的內(nèi)容提出反問。這部分內(nèi)容主要把握好以下幾點： 一 附加問句的謂語形式 附加問句的謂語必須參照前面陳述部分的謂語形式，在人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)上與之保持一致。要注意“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”的原則，即：陳述部分用肯定句時，附加問句用否定形式（與not連用時要注意縮寫）；反之陳述部分為否定句時，附加問句用肯定形式。(陳述部分含有否定詞not, never, hardly, sel

2、dom，few, little, neither, no, no one ,nobody, nothing, none等時應(yīng)視為否定句) 例1：We hear Jenny lives far from the school. She has lunch at school, _? A. is sheB. isnt she C. hasnt she D. doesnt she 例2：David had nothing for breakfast, _? A. does he B. did he C. didnt he D. had he 二 附加問句的主語形式 例3：Alice does her

3、 homework every day, _? A. do she B. does Alice C. doesnt Alice D. doesnt she 附加問句的主語一般用人稱代詞主格形式，Alice的人稱代詞主格是she。 例4：There isnt any chicken on the plate，_? A. is itB. isnt it C. isnt there D. is there there be結(jié)構(gòu)后面的附加問句依然采用there be的問句形式。例5：Everyone knows the answer, _? A. is itB. isnt itC. dont they

4、 D. does he陳述部分主語是指“人”的不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑問部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they，有時也用單數(shù)he.例6：Nothing is serious, _? A. is itB. isnt itC. arent they D. is he陳述部分主語是指 “物”的不定代詞everything, nothing, something, anything, 疑問部分主語用it。例7：This is my ruler, _?A. is itB. isnt itC. arent they D. are theyThose

5、 are their books, _?A. is itB. isnt itC. arent they D. are they陳述句的主語是指示代詞this/that時，其附加部分的主語用it。 陳述句的主語是指示代詞these/those時，其附加部分的主語用they.三 祈使句和感嘆句的反意疑問句 肯定祈使句的反意疑問句其附加問句通常用will you, wont you, would you, can you, cant you, could you等。否定祈使句的附加問句一般用will you。以 Lets（注意不是let us）開頭的祈使句的反意疑問句其附加問句用shall we。L

6、et us 開頭的祈使句，后用will you（或wont you）? 例8：Dont smoke in the meeting room，_? A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you 省去主語的否定祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you。例9：Go with me, _?A. do you B. dont you C. do we D. wont you例10： Lets go and fly kites, _? Wonderful. A. will you B. shall we C. dont you D. do you 例11

7、：Let us wait for you in the reading-room, _?A. shall we B. shant we C. will you D. do you例12：What a beautiful girl, _?A. isnt it? B. is she C. is it D. isnt she感嘆句中，疑問部分用be +主語。四 反意疑問句的回答 反意疑問句的回答形式類似于一般疑問句，即yes后面無not, no后面帶not。當(dāng)反意疑問句為“前肯后否”時，yes仍譯作“是”，no譯作“不”。 例13：Cathy is reading an English magazi

8、ne now, isnt she? _. She is busy cleaning the house. A. No, she isB. Yes, she isnt C. Yes, she is D. No, she isnt 當(dāng)反意疑問句為“前肯后否”時，yes譯為“是”， 而no譯成“不是”。此題答案中的No譯作“不是”， h she isnt相當(dāng)于she isnt reading an English magazine now。 例14： He isnt a teacher, is he? _. He works in a bookshop. A. Yes, he isB. No, he

9、 isnt C. Yes, he isnt D. No, he is 要注意，當(dāng)反意疑問句為“前否后肯”時，yes譯為“不”， 而no譯成“是”。此題答案中的No譯作“是”， he isnt相當(dāng)于he isnt a teacher。 五 反意疑問句的特殊形式 當(dāng)陳述部分為復(fù)合句時，一般情況下，附加問句應(yīng)同陳述部分的主句保持一致。 例15：He said that he wouldnt leave for Shanghai the next week, _? A. didnt he B. did heC. wouldnt heD. would he 例16：I think Kate liked

10、singing at that time, _? A. dont IB. do IC. didnt sheD. did she 當(dāng)陳述部分的主句是I think, I believe, I guess等時，附加問句應(yīng)與其賓語從句保持一致。 倒裝句倒裝句分為：完全倒裝： 整個謂語移至主語前面叫完全倒裝。部分倒裝： 只把助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前叫部分倒裝。1.當(dāng)以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等表示方位副詞開頭的句子中，如果主語是名詞，用完全倒裝句，把副詞放在句首，主語和謂語位置調(diào)換，不加助動詞。謂語動詞的形式由位于倒裝句句尾的主語決定

11、。主語是人稱代詞時，不用倒裝。謂語動詞多是表示“移動”意義的go, come, leave, be等。這類倒裝句式一般只用一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。例1：Our teacher came in.Here it is.Away went he.The bus comes here.The boys rushed out.2. 在“there + be”表示“存在”的句型中，用到裝。例2：There is a tree in front of the building.3. so + 助/be/情態(tài)動詞+主語。依附于肯定句，表前邊的肯定情況也適合于后邊的人，意為“也”。neither/ nor +

12、助/be/情態(tài)動詞+主語。依附于否定句，表前邊的否定情況也適合于后邊的人，意為“也不”。nor /neither在倒裝用法中的區(qū)別a.當(dāng)主語不是同一個人或物時,nor和neither可互換,當(dāng)主語是同一個人或物時,只能用nor. 例3：I dont know, nor do I care.我不知道,也不關(guān)心. b.當(dāng)并列分句有兩個以上時,只能用nor. 例4：You cant sing ,nor can I ,nor can she.你不會唱歌,我不會,她也不會.（1）這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)用來說明前面所說的情況同樣也適用于后面的人或物，意思是“某人（物）也是這樣”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的助/be/情態(tài)動詞在形式上

13、與前句的謂語保持一致，而其單復(fù)數(shù)形式由后面的主語決定。如：例5：Lucy is a good student, _. 露西是好學(xué)生，麗麗也是好學(xué)生。If you wont go, _. 如果你不去，我也不去。注：so +主語+ 助/be/情態(tài)動詞。依附于肯定句，強調(diào)前面肯定句的情況，意為“的確如此”。neither/ nor +主語+ 助/be/情態(tài)動詞。依附于否定句，強調(diào)前面否定句的情況，意為“的確如此”。例6：-He is a student.-_.（的確如此/他的確是一個學(xué)生）例7：A：I dont like it.B: _.（你的確不如此/你的確不喜歡它）4. 表地點狀語的介詞短語放在

14、句首，要用完全倒裝句，不加助動詞。謂語動詞的形式由位于倒裝句句尾的主語決定。謂語動詞多是表示“存在”意思的be, lie, stand, exist等。例8：Under a big tree _, half asleep.A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat manA big supermarket lies south of the lake. On the floor were piles of old books, magazines and newspapers. 5. 含有否定意

15、義的副詞或連詞(如not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere, not until, not only but also, neither nor等)放在句首時 例9：The bell hardly had rung when the class began. = Hardly _.He cares little about his clothes. =Little _.Not only he is busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.Neither does he know nor c

16、ares he what happened6. only 及所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句放在句首時，要用：only+ 狀語+ be /助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語及其他例10：Only when he told me the news I know what had happened.Only in this way you can make progress in your English.感嘆句感嘆句通常由what, how引導(dǎo)，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅、等感情。what修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞，副詞或動詞，感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有1、How +形容詞+ a/an +名詞+主語+謂語，如：How c

17、lever a boy he is!2、How+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語，如：How lovely the baby is!3、What + a/an+形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語，如：What a clever boy he is!4、What+ 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語，如：What wonderful ideas (we have)!5、What+ 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語，如：What noise they are making!6、How 還可以來感嘆一個句子。如：How I love you!例1：_ nice weather ! Lets have a picnic. A.

18、 What B. What a C. How D. How a例2：這些花多么美麗啊?。篲. _._.非謂語動詞做賓語1一些謂語動詞后只能接不定式to do，如would like to, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, find, think, ask, tell, allow, get, encourage。2一些謂語動詞后只能接動詞原形do,如：why not do, why dont you do, had better(not)do, would rather do, could/would/will you please (not)d

19、o3一些謂語動詞后只能加dong,如：have trouble/ problem/difficulty (in), spend(in), cant help完成實踐值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keep on, be used to, give up）考慮建議不禁想（consider, suggest, cant help, fell like）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）4一些謂語動詞后即可加to do 也可加doing,但意思不同，如：like / love / hate / dislike / pr

20、efer doing：like / love / hate / dislike / prefer to do：go on / stop doing：go on / stop to do：remember / forget / regret doing： remember / forget / regret to do： allow doing：allow to do： mean doing： mean to do：try doing：try to do：例1:課本P7-P11形容詞和副詞的比較急和最高級比較級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1單音節(jié)詞形容詞 （1）一般單音節(jié)詞比較級和最高級在后面加-er和-est；

21、 如：smallsmallersmallest shortshortershortest talltallertallest greatgreatergreatest （2）以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞比較級和最高級在后面加-r和-st； 如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicest ableablerablest（3）以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾而前面只有一個元音的詞（即在重讀閉音節(jié)：輔音元音輔音），先雙寫詞尾輔音字母再加-er和-est，如：bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest fatfatterfattest 2雙音節(jié)詞 （1）以“輔音字母y”

22、結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞， 把y改為i，比較級加-er，最高級加-est； 如：easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviest busybusierbusiest happyhappierhappiest （2）有幾個少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞，即可加 er 和-est，又可加more 和 most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。這些雙音節(jié)詞是common, handsome, polite, quiet, wicked,pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired 和以-ow, er, le結(jié)尾額詞如：clevercleverercleverest narrownarrower

23、narrowest tiredmore tiredmost tired （3）其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞直接在比較級和最高級前面加more和most；如：carefulmore carefulmost careful pleasedmore pleased most pleased 3三個音節(jié)以上的形容詞和副詞都在前面加more和most如：beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful differentmore differentmost different easilymore easilymost easily 4.不規(guī)則形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級good/w

24、ell-better-bestbad/badly/ill-worse-worstmany/much-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar-farther-farthest 或further-furthestold-older-oldest 或elder-eldest比較級的用法1. adj./adv的幾個?？季湫?(1)肯定句中：A+ as+ adj. + as + B：例1：This book is as new as that one.(2)否定句中：A+ as / so+ adj. + as + B：例2：這本書不如那本新。_.(3) 表示“A 是B的倍”是，用“A

25、+ 倍數(shù) + as + adj. + as + B”結(jié)構(gòu)（一倍:once,兩倍:twice，三倍以上:數(shù)字+times）例3：我們的學(xué)校是他們學(xué)校的三倍大。_.（4）too + adj./adv + to： adj./adv.+enough to +v：足夠.而能做某事 so +adj./adv.+that從句： such +adj + n +that從句：例4：他年紀太小還不能上學(xué)。_._._._. 2. adj. /adv 的比較級和最高級的用法(1)“A + V. + adj./ adv.比較級 + than + B” 意思為“A比B更”。 例5：This tree is taller

26、than that one. 這棵樹比那棵樹高。 注意： 在含有連詞than的比較級中，前后的比較對象必須是同一范疇，即同類事物之間的比較。 例6：莉莉的房間比我的大。_.在比較級前面使用much，表示程度“強得多”。 例：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple._. 有表示程度的副詞much ,a little , a bit ,a lot ,even ,still ,a great deal of, far ,by far ,any ,rathr等詞。 very, quite一般只能修飾原級，不能修飾比較級。 例7：今天比昨天冷得多。_. 為了避

27、免重復(fù)，在從句中常用the one, that, those等詞來代替前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞。其中the one 代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，the ones 或| those 代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，that代替不可數(shù)名詞。例8：The weather in Tianjian is colder than _ of Guangzhou in winter.A. one B. that C. those D. these(2). 表示兩者之中選擇“哪一個更”時（即：含有or的選擇疑問句），用句型“Which/Who + V.+比較級，A or B?”。例9：Which is bigger, watermelon o

28、r apple? 回答：_.誰做的更好，Tom 還是Tim? Tom. _.表示在三者或三者以上進行選擇時，用句型“Which/Who + V. + the +比較級，A , B or C?”。例10：那座城市最漂亮，北京、上海還是廣州？_.(3) 表示“兩者之間比較的一個(of the two)”時，常用 the + 比較級。例11：Mary is the taller of the twins._.諾基亞是這兩個手機品牌中較受歡飲的那個。_. 表示“最的之一”時，用 “one of the + 最高級”或者是句子中有表示范圍的詞或短語。如：of the three, in our clas

29、s等，該最高級后面的名詞要用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。例12：周杰倫是最受歡迎的歌星之一。_.撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。_.(4)“比較級 + and + 比較級”或“more and more +原級”表示“越來越” 如13：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. _.風(fēng)越來越大。_. “the +比較級, the+比較級”，表示“越越”。 例14：The more money you make, the more you spend. _.越快越好。_.(5). 表示倍數(shù)的比較級用法： . A + be +倍數(shù)+ times +as +原級+

30、 as+ B. 例15：Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。_.Our school is twice as big as yours. 我們學(xué)校是你們學(xué)校大一倍。_. A + be +倍數(shù)+ times + the + 形容詞對應(yīng)名詞形式+ of + B. 例16：_._. A + be + times +比較級+ than + B. 例17：_._.（6）.最高級前可加序數(shù)詞表示“第幾最.”。例18：黃河是中國第二長河，是世界第五長河。_.現(xiàn)在完成時構(gòu)成：have/has+done用法：1、已完成：動作發(fā)生在過去，到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束

31、，但是影響或結(jié)果至今仍然存在。（一般過去時：動作發(fā)生在過去，到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束，但是不強調(diào)影響或結(jié)果。）* 以already(用于肯定句)和yet(用于否定句和疑問句)為標志 He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。He hasnt come back yet.他還沒有回來。* 以ever和never為標志This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒有到過北京。2、

32、未完成：動作發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還將持續(xù)下去。與未完成用法的區(qū)別在于：1）動作還未完成，謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞2）for+一段時間 since+過去一個時間點/表過去的時間狀語從句注意： 1)現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與明確的過去的時間狀語連用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等; 往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用 2)不能與when連用9A 期中課堂練習(xí)一、基礎(chǔ)知識與運用A)單項填空從A、B、 C、 D中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1Who has _ marks in English，Wang Lin，Zhang Fang or Li

33、 Hong? 一Li HongAgood Bbetter Cbest Dthe best2Have you _ joined in a dragon boat race? Yes，I haveAnever Bstill Cseldom Dever3. The air in mountain areas is _ that in big cities.A. as fresh as B. fresher than C. as dirty as D. dirtier than4. _ many students in China ever _ to a westerner before?A. Are

34、; speaking B. Do; speak C. Did; speak D. Have; spoken5. Computers, however, are actually _they were five years ago.A. so cheap as B. cheaper than C. so expensive as D. much expensive than6. Im not hungry because I _lunch already.A. have B. had C. am having D. have had7. You _ ever saw computers year

35、s ago, but now they are everywhere.A. sometimes B. usually C. hardly D. almost8. Alice _ eat meat so that he can keep herself from getting too fat.A. rarely B. always C. nearly D. carefully9. Some people think that CD-ROMs will soon be _ books.A. as more popular as B. the most popular than C. so pop

36、ular as D. more popular than10. Which ocean is _, the Atlantic or the Pacific? - The pacific.A. deep B. deeper C. deepest D. more deeper11. Jim is good at math, but his physics is _.A. worse B. worst C. better D. best12. The movie Batman and Joker is _one that Ive ever seen.A. more exciting B. more

37、excited C. the most exciting D. the most excited13. How is your father? I _ him for a long time. He is fine, but busy.A. dont see B. hadnt seen C. didnt see D. havent seen14. Mum, could I have an MP3 like this?Certainly, we can buy_ one, but as good as this.A. a cheap B. a cheapest C. a cheaper D. t

38、he cheapest15. Isnt Jim back yet?No, but I think he _in half an hour.A. returned B. will return C. has returned D. returns16. What a funny person_! We all like talking with him.A. is it B. is he C. it is D. he is17. Peter hardly had time for concerts at that time, _? A. wasnt he B. was he C. didnt h

39、e D. did heA. So do I.B. And listen to this!C. Well, except fishing.D. I love the seashore.E. we can stay in a little cabin by the beach.F. Look at me, please.G. Neither do I.B)補全對話從方框AG中選出可以填入對話空白處(16-20)的最佳選項。18. A：This one looks great! _B: Me too .The sun the sandthe ocean!19. A: _ What do you th

40、ink of sailing, swimming ,windsurfing, and fishing?B: Oh, Tom! They sound fantastic. I really like all those thingsA: Yeahme, too.20. B: _. To be honest, I hate fishing, but I love all the others. 21. A: Hey! Look at this! We can stay in a big hotel or _B: You know ,I really dont like those big hote

41、ls.22. A: _ Lets stay in a cabin. Itll be much nicer right beside the ocean.二、完形填空My feelings about science have really changedI never used to 23 science，but last year I changed schoolsand the science 24 at my new school are excellentThe science facilities(設(shè)備) are very good，with laboratories that ha

42、ve all the latest equipmentOur chemistry teacher，Mr Longford，takes us to public science lectures(講座) about four times a term，and these are 25 very interesting，as the lecturers are people who have made real discoveries in 26 area of scienceThe fact is，Canada has 27 first-class scientistsIn the last t

43、wenty years，seven Canadian scientists have 28 the Nobel Prize! The Nobel Prize is the highest scientific prize，so we should be very 29 of thatIm becoming more and more interested 30 physics，and have decided that I want to study it at universityIm going to try go to 31 Montreal or Ottawa University，a

44、s both 32 supposed to have good Physics DepartmentsMy parents are quite surprisedThey always thought I would become an English teacher!23Ahate B1earn Cfinish Denjoy24Ahelpers Bworkers Cteachers Dstudents25Asometimes Bseldom Chardly Dalways26Aour Btheir Cyour Dthose27Afew Bmany Cno Denough28Aseen Blo

45、st Cwon Ddreamed29Aafraid Bcareful Cshort Dproud30Ain Bwith Cat Dfrom31Aneither Beither Cboth Donly32Ahave Bhas Care Dis三、回答問題In different countries around the world，people become adults(成年人) at different agesBeing an adult means having the right(權(quán)利) to do certain things such as get a part-time job，

46、vote(選舉權(quán))，get married，or get a license to driveIn many countries，sixteen or eighteen is the age at which a person becomes an adultYoung men and women at this age can get a part-time job，and begin to receive an income(收入) of their ownThey no longer have to depend on their parents for money all the ti

47、meIn many parts of North America，sixteen is also the age when one can get a drivers license；in England，it is seventeenIn the United States，Canada，and the U. K. ，young people have the right to vote at the age of eighteenWith this right also comes dutyFor young people to use their right to vote wisely，they must have an understanding of