1、WILL SMITH: What do you need to win a game of chess?威爾史密斯：下贏國(guó)際象棋你需要什么？Patience, clever tactics, loads of imagination.耐心 巧妙的戰(zhàn)術(shù) 豐富的想象力You look nervous.你看起來很緊張What makes us human什么使我們成為人類is the squishy triple-pounder inside our heads.是我們腦袋里的三鎊重的糊狀物Check.“將軍”It lets us checkmate our friends,它讓我們把我們的朋友“將

2、死”build skyscrapers,建造摩天大樓and lift a special few of us into space.把我們中的一些人送到太空Eight astronauts with over 1,000 days in space between them八名宇航員 他們?cè)诘奶諘r(shí)間超過1000天can tell us how being up there能告訴我們上面的情況怎么樣helped them to truly understand what goes on down here.幫助他們真正理解下面發(fā)生的事情JEFF HOFFMAN: From space you

3、get the big picture.杰夫霍夫曼：從太空中你可以看到全局You really see human civilization你真的看到了人類文明spread out below you.在你下方展開NICOLE STOTT: As far as we know,妮可斯托特：據(jù)我們所知theres nobody else like us out there in the universe.宇宙中沒有其他生物像我們一樣JERRY LINENGER: The only reason Im able to comprehend杰里林格：我能理解的唯一原因是the incredible

4、complexity of the Earth地球不可思議的復(fù)雜性is because I have an incredibly complex brain inside my head.是因?yàn)槲业拇竽X非常復(fù)雜We are the only species on this planet我們是這個(gè)星球上唯一的that can construct realities in our mind可以在我們的頭腦中構(gòu)建現(xiàn)實(shí)and then go actually build it.然后去建造它的物種SMITH: But for three billion years,史密斯：但30億年來life didn

5、t even have a brain.生物甚至沒有大腦MELVIN: The story of how our mind evolved梅爾文：關(guān)于我們大腦進(jìn)化的故事on this one strange rock在這一塊奇怪的石頭上is one of chance, coincidence and impossible odds.是偶然 巧合和不可能的偶然之一SMITH: I am going to tell you about the most incredible place.史密斯：我要告訴你最不可思議的地方The weird connections,奇怪的聯(lián)♥系&he

6、arts;the dynamic forces that created us.創(chuàng)造我們的動(dòng)力A species with a brain as complex as yours and mine.一個(gè)擁有像你和我一樣復(fù)雜大腦的物種The human brain is unique.人腦是獨(dú)一無二的Not just because of its size, but also its ability.不僅因?yàn)樗拇笮?而且因?yàn)樗哪芰t can meet challenges that are dangerous, demanding.它可以應(yīng)對(duì)危險(xiǎn) 苛刻的挑戰(zhàn)SMITH: And wonde

7、rfully absurd.史密斯：而且非?；闹嘢MITH: In Spain, thousands come together every year史密斯：在西班牙 每年有數(shù)千人聚在一起to build towers out of people.用人體建造塔樓SMITH: A ten-story human tower with the youngest kids on top.史密斯：一座十層樓高的人塔 上面有最年輕的孩子Right.是的Claudia and Marina, theyre seven.克勞迪婭和瑪麗娜 他們七歲SMITH: Humans are like no other

8、 creature on Earth.史密斯：人類和地球上其他生物都不一樣We do these things that might seem pointless,我們做的這些事情似乎毫無意義not because were stupid; because were smart.不是因?yàn)槲覀冇薮?而是因?yàn)槲覀兟斆鰽nd we work as one.我們一起工作Its that ability to link our minds together是那種把我們的思想聯(lián)♥系♥在一起的能力that put those girls on top of that tower把

9、那些女孩放在塔頂上and also put men and women up in space.把男人和女人放在太空中One of them is Leland Melvin.其中之一是萊蘭梅爾文Former NFL player, mechanical engineer, and astronaut.前NFL球員 機(jī)械工程師和宇航員Strong, smart, brave,堅(jiān)強(qiáng) 聰明 勇敢and pretty much unstoppable.而且?guī)缀鮿?shì)不可擋But Leland nearly didnt make it to space.但利蘭幾乎沒有飛到太空An accident in

10、his training brought his dreams to a halt.訓(xùn)練中的一次意外使他的夢(mèng)想停止了MELVIN: The only way to really simulate a spacewalk on Earth梅爾文：真正模擬地球太空行走的唯一方法is in a pool.在游泳池里I remember getting in the suit, putting my gloves on, my boots.我記得我穿上宇航服 戴上手套 穿上靴子MELVIN: As youre going down in the spacesuit,梅爾文：當(dāng)你穿著宇航服下潛的時(shí)候yo

11、u have to clear your ears.你得清理耳朵MELVIN: Ten feet down,梅爾文：往下潛到十英尺I realized that the Styrofoam block,我意識(shí)到泡沫塑料塊you press your nose against it to clear your ears,堵住鼻子吹氣來清空耳朵was missing in my helmet.我的頭盔不見了I tell the test director, turn the volume in the headset up.我告訴測(cè)試主管 把耳機(jī)的音量調(diào)大I was straining to eq

12、ualize the pressure.我努力使壓力均衡And then, I immediately hear nothing but static.然后 我立即聽到除了靜電以外什么都沒有They were pulling me out of the water.他們把我從水里拖出來And now I see the flight surgeon walking towards me.當(dāng)時(shí)我看到飛行外科醫(yī)生朝我走來He reaches up and touches my right ear.他伸手摸我的右耳Hes moving his lips, but I dont hear anythi

13、ng hes saying.他在動(dòng)嘴唇 但我什么也沒聽到And then I can feel the blood starting to trickle down然后我能感覺到血開始往下滴on the side of my face.在我臉的側(cè)面Im like, Wow, somethings really wrong.我想 哇！ 真的出了點(diǎn)問題I was completely deaf.我完全聾了Somehow the connection between my brain and my ears我的大腦和耳朵之間的聯(lián)♥系♥had been severed,被切

14、斷了along with my chances of going to space.以及我去太空的機(jī)會(huì)The accident gave me a profound appreciation這次事故使我深表感激in what we take for granted.在我們認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的事情上The thing that makes us us: our brain.使我們成為我們的東西：我們的大腦The human brain sets us apart人腦使我們與from all other creatures on this planet.地球上所有其他生物都不同It might look

15、 like a lump of Jell-O,它看起來像一塊果凍but its the most complex thing in our universe.但它是我們宇宙中最復(fù)雜的東西Inside, theres a vast network with 100 trillion connections.內(nèi)部有一個(gè)擁有100萬億連接的龐大網(wǎng)絡(luò)Thats more than the number of stars in our own Milky Way.這比我們銀河系中的恒星數(shù)量還要多It hosts our memories.它承載著我們的記憶Our sensations.我們的感覺Our

16、dreams.我們的夢(mèng)想And all this depends on tiny cells firing electrical signals.所有這些都依賴于發(fā)射電♥信♥♥號(hào)♥♥的細(xì)胞Theres 86 billion of them.其中有860億We call them neurons.我們稱之為神經(jīng)元SMITH: 86 billion.史密斯：860億Wow.真的Im just glad someone else was counting.我很高興有人在數(shù)But heres the thing:但問題是：most

17、of life on Earth does just fine without a brain.地球上的大多數(shù)生命在沒有大腦的情況下都很好Im talking about some of Earths oldest inhabitants.我說的是地球上一些最古老的居民Some brainless creatures are so successful,有些無腦生物是如此成功you can even see them from space.你甚至可以在太空中看到它們LINENGER: On a bright, sunny day,林格：在陽光明媚的日子Im looking down, and

18、for 1,000 miles,我往下看了1000英里I see an organized city of coral.我看到一個(gè)有組織的珊瑚城PEGGY WHITSON: They just glow.佩吉惠特森：它們只是發(fā)光Its just like the most beautiful art in the world.就像世界上最美的藝術(shù)一樣MELVIN: This burst of color.梅爾文：這一抹色彩Id never seen colors that vibrant before.我從未見過如此鮮艷的色彩Its kind of amazing that corals ar

19、e vast, motionless structures,令人驚訝的是 珊瑚是巨大的 靜止的結(jié)構(gòu)that thrive without a brain.沒有大腦就可以茁壯成長(zhǎng)SMITH: In the country of the brainless,史密斯：在這個(gè)無腦的國(guó)家the tiny-brained is king.小小腦袋就是國(guó)王Meet this little guy.見見這個(gè)小家伙Hes got more in common with us than you might think.他和我們的共同點(diǎn)比你想象的要多Inside, hes got neurons, too, jus

20、t not as many.在里面 他也有神經(jīng)元 只是數(shù)量不多About 200.大約200Kind of a starter kit.有點(diǎn)像入門包Hes a baby sea squirt looking for a home.他是一個(gè)尋找家的嬰兒海鞘His neurons do simple stuff,他的神經(jīng)元做簡(jiǎn)單的事情like detect light and twitch his tail.就像探測(cè)光線和抽動(dòng)尾巴一樣But heres the thing:但問題是：once hes found the right rock, his swimming days are over.

21、一旦找到合適的石頭 他的游泳日就結(jié)束了For the rest of his life, he stays put.在他的余生里 他一直呆在原地He dumps the tail and consumes the neurons that made it move.他甩下尾巴 消化使它移♥動(dòng)♥的神經(jīng)元Then, it grows into a big, old sea squirt.然后 它成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)巨大的 古老的海鞘Takes use it or lose it to a whole new level.將 使用或丟失 提升到一個(gè)全新的水平MELVIN: Its

22、kind of a freaky thought that, you know,梅爾文：你知道 這是一種奇怪的想法when neurons were developed, they werent for thinking.當(dāng)神經(jīng)元發(fā)育時(shí) 它們不是用來思考的They were for simple motion or movement.它們是為了簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)動(dòng)But one day, neurons like those, the ones inside our brains,但是有一天 像這樣的神經(jīng)元 我們大腦中的神經(jīng)元would help create things有助于創(chuàng)造事物like roc

23、ket ships going to space,就像火箭飛船進(jìn)入太空一樣cities and music.城市和音樂SMITH: Making a tail twitch to move a yard or two史密斯：抽動(dòng)尾巴移♥動(dòng)♥一兩碼requires just a few neurons.只需要幾個(gè)神經(jīng)元However, the more advanced stuff,但是 更先進(jìn)的東西that needs an awful lot more.這需要更多的東西Life needs to sense its surroundings,生物需要感知周圍的環(huán)境

24、otherwise, its just flailing around in the dark.否則 它只是在黑暗中掙扎SMITH: There is nothing more complex than the human brain.史密斯：沒有什么比人腦更復(fù)雜的了But the more complicated something is,但更復(fù)雜的是the more ways it can go wrong.越是可能出錯(cuò)(bird shrieks)（鳥叫聲）MELVIN: After my training accident,梅爾文：在我的訓(xùn)練事故之后the doctors couldnt

25、 figure out what was wrong with me.醫(yī)生們不知道我出了什么問題Everything looked physically intact,一切看起來都完好無損but they couldnt fix me.但他們不能治好我I was completely deaf.我完全聾了My goal of getting to space seemed to be thwarted.我進(jìn)入太空的目標(biāo)似乎被挫敗了But all I could think about但我能想到的只是was whether Id ever hear music that I played aga

26、in.我是否曾聽過我再次演奏的音樂Music has been such a big part of my life.音樂一直是我生物的重要組成部分(playing piano)（彈鋼琴）And so, when the music was silent.所以 當(dāng)音樂安靜的時(shí)候Thats when I just broke down and started crying.就在那時(shí) 我崩潰了 開始哭泣SMITH: Lelands ears were fine.史密斯：利蘭的耳朵很好Thats not where the problem was.這不是問題所在Because you dont ju

27、st hear with your ears,因?yàn)槟悴恢皇怯枚渎爕ou also hear with your brain.你的大腦也能聽到Its the same for all the senses,所有感官都一樣they link our brains to the outside world.他們把我們的大腦與外界聯(lián)♥系♥起來And over hundreds of generations they evolve to suit that world,數(shù)百代人的進(jìn)化都是為了適應(yīng)這個(gè)世界no matter how harsh it is.不管有多嚴(yán)厲SMIT

28、H: Hunters have lived here for thousands of years.史密斯：獵人在這里已經(jīng)住了幾千年了But to survive, they borrow the senses of a creature但為了生存 他們借用了生物的感官thats been here even longer.在這里呆得更久了SMITH: The eagle is like a weaponized telescope.史密斯：老鷹就像一個(gè)武器望遠(yuǎn)鏡It can see a fox up to two miles away.它能看見兩英里外的狐貍Out here, thats a

29、 crucial tool in the fight for survival.在這里 這是為生存而戰(zhàn)的關(guān)鍵工具SMITH: But to see like an eagle,史密斯：但是像鷹一樣看東西you need more than eagle eyes;你需要的不僅僅是鷹眼you need an eagle brain.你需要一個(gè)鷹腦MELVIN: Eyes deliver masses of data about the world around us,梅爾文：眼睛傳遞著我們周圍世界的大量數(shù)據(jù)and all that lifesaving data以及所有拯救生命的數(shù)據(jù)needed

30、something powerful to make sense of it.需要一些強(qiáng)有力的東西來理解它Simply put, if youre an animal with eyes,簡(jiǎn)單地說 如果你是有眼睛的動(dòng)物youre gonna need a bigger brain than a sea squirt.你需要比海鞘更大的大腦Eyes were a real game changer.眼睛是真正的游戲改變者But its not just the eyes.但不僅僅是眼睛Creatures had to develop an array of senses生物必須發(fā)展出一系列的感官

31、that are each calibrated to deal每一個(gè)都經(jīng)過校準(zhǔn)處理with the ever-changing environment of Planet Earth.隨著地球環(huán)境的不斷變化Not just barren desserts,不僅僅是不新鮮的甜點(diǎn)but these very dense jungles,但是這些茂密的叢林teeming ocean reefs,豐富的海洋礁and even icy Arctic waste.甚至是冰冷的北極垃圾The planets varied landscapes played a significant role地球上各種各

32、樣的景觀發(fā)揮了重要作用in how animals sense.動(dòng)物的感覺SMITH: What goes for them, goes for us.史密斯：他們?cè)趺崔k 我們?cè)趺崔kThe planet shaped our senses, too.這顆行星也塑造了我們的感官Its something you might not notice你可能沒注意到unless you leave the planet.除非你離開這個(gè)星球MIKE MASSIMINO: Our senses have evolved麥克馬西米諾：我們的感官已經(jīng)進(jìn)化了to operate on Planet Earth.來

33、適應(yīng)地球MAE JEMISON: When youre up in space,梅杰米森：當(dāng)你在太空時(shí)the inner ear isnt registering an up and down.內(nèi)耳沒有上下運(yùn)動(dòng)MELVIN: So, your sense of orientation梅爾文：所以 你的方向感only comes from your eyes.只來自你的眼睛MASSIMINO: You know that weird feeling馬西米諾：你知道那種奇怪的感覺in the pit of your stomach,在你的胃深處when you go over the top of

34、 a rollercoaster?好像你越過過山車的頂部時(shí)I was basically in that moment for an entire day.基本上在那種感覺持續(xù)了一整天STOTT: Were Earthlings.斯托特：我們是地球人Thats just who we are.我們就是這樣MELVIN: The evolution of the senses in the primitive brain梅爾文：原始大腦感官的進(jìn)化have allowed living creatures to interact with our planet允許生物與我們的星球互動(dòng)in a wa

35、y like never before.以前所未有的方式But looking at our planet from space,但是從太空看我們的星球you can see its not just varied, its dynamic.你可以看到它不僅僅是變化的 它是動(dòng)態(tài)的SMITH: Sometimes, the environment changes quickly,史密斯：有時(shí)候 環(huán)境變化很快and when that happens, you have to be just as fast to adapt.當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時(shí) 你必須盡快適應(yīng)Like when the sea le

36、vel rises without warning,就像海平面毫無預(yù)警地上升and now, youre an island castaway.現(xiàn)在 你是一個(gè)孤島的棄兒Macaques are great with their hands.獼猴的手非常棒They peel fruit, climb trees, and do each others hair.他們剝水果 爬樹 做彼此的頭發(fā)But on these islands, they do something no other macaques do.但在這些島嶼上 它們所做的事情是其他獼猴所不具備的They use rocks as

37、tools to shuck oysters.他們用石頭作為剝牡蠣殼的工具M(jìn)acaques dont normally eat them,獼猴通常不吃它們but when they were stranded by the rising sea,但當(dāng)他們被上漲的海水?dāng)R淺時(shí)they needed new ways to get a meal.他們需要新的吃飯方式They werent born with this skill;他們不是天生就具備這種技能的a smart monkey had to work it out.一只聰明的猴子必須解決這個(gè)問題This is something only

38、complex brains can do-這是只有復(fù)雜的大腦才能做到的 -not just sense and react,不僅僅是感覺和反應(yīng)but learn,但學(xué)習(xí)adapt and problem solve.適應(yīng)并解決問題But just because a macaque can learn to shuck oysters但僅僅因?yàn)楂J猴能學(xué)會(huì)剝牡蠣皮doesnt mean its gonna open a seafood restaurant.并不意味著它會(huì)開一家海鮮餐館Only a human would make that mental leap.只有人類才能做出這種精神上的

39、飛躍So, how come were so different?那么 我們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)如此不同呢SMITH: Monkeys were the first primates in space,史密斯：猴子是太空中第一批靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物but it wasnt exactly their idea.但這不是他們的主意In fact, they were probably against it.事實(shí)上 他們可能反對(duì)So, how come were the apes with the big ideas?那么 為什么我們是有著偉大想法的猿類Well, its a long story.好吧 說來話長(zhǎng)A s

40、tory about something that may not exist關(guān)于可能不存在的事物的故事anywhere else in the solar system,太陽系的其他地方maybe the universe.也許是宇宙Fire.火SMITH: The Himba people have kept this same fire burning史密斯：希姆巴人一直在燃燒著同一團(tuán)火for generations.世世代代SMITH: As far as we know, this planet is the only one史密斯：據(jù)我們所知 這顆行星是唯一的with the ri

41、ght conditions for fire to burn.有適當(dāng)?shù)娜紵龡l件But theres one thing that fire gives us above all else.但有一件事是火給了我們最重要的SMITH: But cooking food does something史密斯：但是烹調(diào)食物有好處thats way more important than just making it tasty.這比讓它可口更重要MELVIN: Woo! We got fire, are we ready for food?梅爾文：哇 我們有火了 準(zhǔn)備好吃飯了嗎We as humans

42、 have these power-hungry brains.作為人類 我們有著這些渴望力量的大腦A big chunk of our bodys energy我們身體的一大塊能量has to be used to keep them running.必須用來讓它們保持運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)Turn, baby, turn.來 寶貝 翻個(gè)身By cooking, were actually breaking down通過烹飪 我們實(shí)際上正在the cell walls of the food破壞食物的細(xì)胞壁that releases so many more nutrients and calories,因而

43、釋放出更多的營(yíng)養(yǎng)和卡路里to help fuel our big brains.為我們的大腦加滿油One of the key moments in the history of our species我們物種歷史上的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻was when our ancestors harnessed fire.是我們的祖先用火的時(shí)候Alright, get your plates.好吧 把盤子拿來The theory goes, cooking let us get more energy理論認(rèn)為 烹飪讓我們獲得更多的能量out of every bite of food.從每一口食物中So we

44、spent less time feeding our brain所以我們用更少的時(shí)間來喂養(yǎng)我們的大腦and more time using it.還有更多的時(shí)間使用它SMITH: Try going a day that isnt touched by fire.史密斯：試著去一個(gè)不受火影響的日子You couldnt imagine life without it.你無法想象沒有它的生物But a brain that could harness fire但是一個(gè)可以控制火焰的大腦may not have evolved in the first place可能一開始就沒有進(jìn)化if it

45、wasnt for a force so powerful,如果不是因?yàn)檫@么強(qiáng)大的力量it made the highest mountains on Earth.它是地球上最高的山脈SMITH: The fossils tell us that these mountains,史密斯：化石告訴我們這些山once at the bottom of the sea, were forced high into the sky.曾經(jīng)在海底 現(xiàn)金被推到了高空LINENGER: When youre in orbit,當(dāng)你在軌道上時(shí)as you come over the Himalaya Mount

46、ains,當(dāng)你經(jīng)過喜馬拉雅山時(shí)you almost feel like you need to fire the thrusters a little bit.你幾乎覺得你需要啟動(dòng)一點(diǎn)推進(jìn)器You can tell where that subcontinent你可以知道次大♥陸♥在哪里just jammed into the Asian continent剛剛擠進(jìn)亞洲大♥陸♥and thrust those mountains up.把那些山推倒CHRIS HADFIELD: This collision between the smo

47、oth flatness克里斯哈德菲爾德：平滑平坦度之間的碰撞of India and these rugged, crumpled mountains,關(guān)于印度和這些崎嶇 褶皺的山脈its like watching a super slow-motion train wreck.就像看著一輛超慢速的火車殘骸MASSIMINO: The further you get away,馬西米諾：離得越遠(yuǎn)you can kind of see these overarching themes你可以看到這些主要的主題to the way our planet is formed.我們星球的形成方式ME

48、LVIN: It was forces like these that would transform梅爾文：正是這些力量會(huì)改變one particular corner of our rock我們巖石的一個(gè)特定角落into the cradle of humanity.進(jìn)入人類的搖籃The Great Rift Valley in East Africa東非大裂谷was once a lush green forest, a paradise for apes.曾經(jīng)是一片郁郁蔥蔥的綠色森林 是猿類的天堂But the Earths crust shifted, mountains rose,

49、但是地殼移♥動(dòng)♥ 山脈上升and the climate changed, making it a much tougher place to live.氣候也發(fā)生了變化 使得這里的生物變得更加艱難Its hard to really know exactly how our ancestors adapted很難確切知道我們的祖先是如何適應(yīng)的over millions of years.數(shù)百萬年來The changes may have pushed apes to do things這些變化可能促使類人猿做事like innovate the tools.比如創(chuàng)

50、新工具Or walk on two legs.或者雙腿行走And even harness fire.甚至可以利用火勢(shì)Whatever it was, we came out the other side as early humans,不管是什么 我們都是早期人類with bigger brains.有更大的頭腦SMITH: We took off across the planet,史密斯：我們?cè)诘厍蛏蠈?shí)現(xiàn)了飛躍and there was one uniquely human skill we brought with us.我們帶來了一種獨(dú)特的人類技能Here I am, talking

51、 to you,我在這兒 跟你說話and some of you are even listening.你們中的一些人甚至在聽What youre hearing is probably the most powerful tool你聽到的可能是最強(qiáng)大的工具weve ever mastered.我們已經(jīng)掌握了So, how do you get a brain that can tell a damn good story?那么 你怎么能有一個(gè)能講一個(gè)好故事的大腦呢？SMITH: We speak.史密斯：我們說話SMITH: We link signs and sounds to thoug

52、hts and things,史密斯：我們把符號(hào)♥和聲音與思想和事物聯(lián)♥系♥起來in countless ways, creating almost infinite meanings.以無數(shù)的方式 創(chuàng)造出幾乎無限的意義That takes a lot of brain power.這需要很大的腦力JULIE MISAKI: Moving to Hong Kong has been amazing.朱莉Masaki：搬到香港真是太神奇了Im originally from Japan,我來自日本but Ive lived in Hong Kong fo

53、r six years now.但是我在香港已經(jīng)住了六年了But it has its challenges.但它也有挑戰(zhàn)Even just buying dinner can get complicated.即使只是買♥♥晚餐也會(huì)變得復(fù)雜A lot of us foreigners try to learn Chinese,我們很多外國(guó)人都想學(xué)漢語but its not always easy.但這并不總是容易的One word can actually have many meanings,一個(gè)詞實(shí)際上可以有多種含義depending on the tone y

54、ou use.取決于你使用的音調(diào)For example, if I say xiao, it means burn,比如說 如果我說 肖 意思是 燒or xiao, it means little,或者小 意思很小or xiao, it means laugh.或者小笑 意思是笑Use the wrong tone, you could be in big trouble.用錯(cuò)誤的語調(diào) 你可能會(huì)遇到大♥麻♥煩MELVIN: Its only us human beings梅爾文：只有我們?nèi)祟恡hat have developed complex language.已經(jīng)發(fā)展出復(fù)雜的語言Unlike many other languages,與其他語言不同Chinese uses the musical areas of the brain中國(guó)人使用大腦的音樂區(qū)域to extract meaning from all those tones.從所有這些音調(diào)中提取意義And that takes a lot of processing power.這需要很大的處理能力But the really big question is但真正重要的問題是why we have any language at all.為什么我們有任何語言Its