1、四六級翻譯部分四大語法難點評析四六級翻譯部分四大語法難點精評（一）虛擬語氣虛擬語氣的考點可以歸納如下：1. (should)+動詞原形的情形(已考)2. if或but for等引導的條件句(已考)3. wish, if only, it is time的用法(should)+動詞原形的情形1在動詞suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, ad

2、vocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建議”、“要求”動詞后的賓語從句中。She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她堅持要預定座位。He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他勸我們派人請醫(yī)生。注：如果上述動詞作其他意思解釋，或者說話者認為所講的事是事實，要用陳述語氣。When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with t

3、he director.真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4:】The professor required that _(我們交研究報告)。參考答案：we hand in our research report(s)2在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名詞后的主語從句或表語從句中-上面動詞對應的名詞He issued the order that the troops (should)

4、withdraw at once. 他命令部隊馬上撤退。3在形容詞important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短語no wonder, a pity等可以構成“It is +形容詞（名詞）+that”句型中。It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必須立即采取行動。真題重現(xiàn)【CET-6:】It is ab

5、solutely unfair that these children _(被剝奪了受教育的權利).參考答案：These children (should) be deprived of the right to receive education.if或but for等引導的條件句if引導虛擬條件句的用法 條件從句 結果主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反 動詞過去式(be動詞用were) would+動詞原形與過去事實相反 had+過去分詞(had done) would have done與將來事實相反 一般過去時/were+不定式/should+動詞原形 would(should)+動詞原形He wou

6、ldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室內就不會覺得冷了。（與現(xiàn)在事實相反）I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.我很抱歉，現(xiàn)在很忙。如果有時間，我肯定陪你去看電影了。（與現(xiàn)在事實相反）The conference wouldnt have been so successful if we hadnt made adequate preparations.如果我們不做充分的準備，會議是不會開得這么成功

7、的。（與過去事實相反）If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, I should (would) stay at home.but for=if it were not for/if it had not been forlBut for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4:】The victim _(本來會有機會活下來)if he had been taken to hospital in time 參考答案：would have surv

8、ived【CET-6:】But for mobile phone, _.我們的通訊就不可能如此迅速和方便)參考答案：our communication would not have been so efficient and convenient.【CET-6: you had _(聽從了我的忠告， 你就不會陷入麻煩). 參考答案：followed my advice/suggestion, you would not have been in trouble.It is (high, about) time 句型要求用虛擬語氣謂語動詞用過去式，指現(xiàn)在或將來的情況，表示“早該干某事而已經(jīng)有些晚

9、了”。Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.something was done/some measures were taken動詞wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣 與現(xiàn)在事實相反 were或動詞的一般過去式與過去事實相反 had done或would/could have done將來沒有把握或不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望 would/should(could, might)+動詞原形I wish she were here. 她在這里就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我們一塊

10、去。I wish she had taken my advice. 那時她要是聽我的話就好了。if only后用虛擬語氣（要是就太好了）現(xiàn)在沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望一般過去式過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望過去完成式If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。If only I could speak several foreign languages!我要是能講幾種外語就好了?。ǘ木鋸木涞膬热莘浅｝嬰s，該專題主要講解在翻譯題可能考察的名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句等。一、名詞性從句名詞從句是指行使名詞功能的從句，包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句

11、、同位語從句以及補語從句。1.主語從句從句作主語主語從句主要由that, what, whether, how以及其它詞引導，還有就是由代詞it作形式主語。That he survived the accident is a miracle.他在這場事故中幸免于難，真是奇跡。特別提示：盡管that并沒有實際含義，但是他起到引導主語從句的功能，在這里不可或缺。What he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.他喜歡做的事情被社會所忽視，認為毫無價值，無足輕重。How he managed to fini

12、sh the job is of interest to us all.他是如何設法完成這項工作的，我們對此都很感興趣。Whether the results will be valuable depends partly on our attitudes towards it.結果是否有價值在部分程度上取決于我們對此的態(tài)度。特別提示：whether引導的主語從句位于句首時，whether不能由if代替。2.賓語從句從句作賓語。The court decisions have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to pro

13、vide that education.法院裁決責令公立學校必須采取必要步驟提供這種教育。I cant understand why he avoided speaking to me.我不理解他為什么不跟我說話。真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：】Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _(是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的), not how much they can earn.參考答案：is measured by how much they can loan3.表語從句從句作表語The next question we have

14、 to decide is when we have to submit the annual report.我們必須決定的下一個問題是，什么時候我們必須呈交年度報告?！綜ET-4：】In my sixties, one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容易累了)。參考答案：I am more likely to get tired than before4.同位語從句從句作同位語同位語從句在句中作同位語，對被修飾名詞的內容予以解釋說明。特點：抽象名詞在前，表達具體內容的從句在后。常見的包括：agreement, assumption(假設), belief, c

15、onclusion, decision, determination, discovery, dream, evidence, explanation, fact, guess, hope, idea, knowledge, likelihood, message, mind, news, notion(觀念), opinion, possibility, prediction(預言), proposal, proposition(論點，主張), suggestion, rumor, theory, thought, truthI have no doubt that he will over

16、come all his difficulties.他會克服一切困難，對此我并不感到懷疑。二、定語從句定語從句是修飾限定名詞或代詞的從句。掌握定語從句的關鍵在于把握引導詞，既用來引導定語從句的詞。定語從句的內容比較龐雜，希望同學們在復習時多總結和歸納。真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：】The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _ (我們可以合作的領域).參考答案：a field where(in which) we can cooperate.三、狀語從句狀語從句分為：時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句、方式狀語從句、讓步狀

17、語從句和比較狀語從句。真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：】 I am going to pursue this course, _(無論我要作出什么樣的犧牲)。參考答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make【CET-4：】Some psychologists claim that people_(出門在外時可能會感到孤獨)參考答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home【CET-6：】Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _.(而動物的行為主

18、要依靠本能)參考答案：While animal behavior depends mainly on their instinct.（三）倒裝與強調一、倒裝1當“only+狀語”位于句首表示強調時用倒裝，如不在句首或雖在句首但不修辭狀語時用正常語序。Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.只有當你獲得足夠的數(shù)據(jù)時，你才能得出正確的結論。Only in this way can we catch up with the worlds advanced levels in scie

19、nce and technology.只有這樣我們才能趕上世界的先進科學技術水平。其他如：only then, only once, only in AmericaChina, only after the accident等。真題重現(xiàn)【CET-6：】Only in the small town_.(他才感到安全和放松)參考答案：does she feel secure and relaxed2never等具有否定意義的詞或詞組居于句首時用倒裝。這類詞或詞組常用的有：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by n

20、o means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(決不), in no case(決不), neither (nor), no sooner(than), hardly(when), barely(僅僅，幾乎不), on no account, in no circumstances(決不), not a bit, nowhere, not onlybut also等。Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉爾不僅是一位政治家，還是一位詩人。Neve

21、r in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我從未聽到過這種胡說！真題重現(xiàn)【CET-6：】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不應該對法庭說謊)參考答案：should he lie to the court.【CET-6：】 _(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. 參考答案Not until the deadline did he send (out)3the more, the more結構中的倒裝?！綜ET-4：】90. The more yo

22、u explain, _(我愈糊涂). 參考答案：the more confused I am二、強調句1It is/was +被強調部分+that/who對于這個結構，需要注意以下幾點：強調句型中的系動詞除is和was之外，沒有其他形式的變化;被強調部分如果是人，可以用who, 也可以用that,其他情況用that（常識性知識，一般不能作為考點）。在notuntil句型里，如果強調由until所引導的時間狀語時，not須跟在until之前，即構成It is not untilthat結構。It is because she is too inexperienced that she does

23、 not know how to deal with the serious situation.她不知道如何應對這種嚴重情況是因為她太缺乏經(jīng)驗了。It is because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.正是因為水漲了，他們沒有渡過河去。注：強調的如果是原因狀語從句，只能由because引導，不能由since, as或why引導。It was not until the second year that he has adapted himself to the college life.直到第二年他才適應了大

24、學生活。真題重現(xiàn)【CET-6：】_(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. 參考答案：It was not until the deadline that he sent (out)（四）非謂語動詞非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。 非謂語動詞的考點主要有：1英語中大多數(shù)動詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動名詞作直接賓語，但有些動詞要求： 1)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓語attempt企圖mean意欲，打算determine決定pretend假裝 decide決定hesitate猶豫 hope希望 intend想要 refuse拒絕decide決定等真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4

25、：】Because of the leg injury, the athlete _ (決定退出比賽).參考答案：decided to quit the match.【CET-6：】The Foreign Minister said he was resigning, _.(但他拒絕進一步解釋這樣做的原因)參考答案：while he refused to further explain why./while he refused to make further explanation for doing so.2)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓補：動詞+賓語+動詞不定式enable使能夠ask要求，邀請 allow允許 force強迫 press迫使 inspire鼓舞 request請求 help幫助 invite吸引，邀請encourage鼓勵 等真題重現(xiàn)