1、電子商務(wù)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)（3）郝曉玲2009.9專題2 科技英語(yǔ)閱讀難點(diǎn)與翻譯技巧vB.2復(fù)雜定語(yǔ)(從句)的譯法例如：例1. A stack is a data type whose major attributes are determined by the rules governing the insertion and deletion of its elements.譯文：棧是主要性質(zhì)由支配其元素的插入與刪除的規(guī)則來(lái)譯文：棧是主要性質(zhì)由支配其元素的插入與刪除的規(guī)則來(lái)決定的一種數(shù)據(jù)類型。決定的一種數(shù)據(jù)類型。譯文中，動(dòng)賓之間所含內(nèi)容過(guò)多，形成“大肚子”句，行文不暢。改譯：棧是這樣一種數(shù)據(jù)類型，其

2、主要性質(zhì)由支配其元素改譯：棧是這樣一種數(shù)據(jù)類型，其主要性質(zhì)由支配其元素的插入與刪除的規(guī)則來(lái)決定。的插入與刪除的規(guī)則來(lái)決定。v例2. A fast and accurate symbol manipulating system that is organized to accept, store, and process data and produce output results under the direction of a stored program of instruction is a computer.v原譯：一種能夠接收、存儲(chǔ)、和處理數(shù)據(jù)，并能在存儲(chǔ)指令程原譯：一種能夠接收、

3、存儲(chǔ)、和處理數(shù)據(jù)，并能在存儲(chǔ)指令程序控制下產(chǎn)生輸出結(jié)果的快速而準(zhǔn)確地處理符號(hào)的系統(tǒng)叫做計(jì)序控制下產(chǎn)生輸出結(jié)果的快速而準(zhǔn)確地處理符號(hào)的系統(tǒng)叫做計(jì)算機(jī)。算機(jī)。v由于譯文主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，所以句子顯得有點(diǎn)“頭重腳輕頭重腳輕”，讀起來(lái)感到不夠順暢。v改譯：一種快速而準(zhǔn)確地處理符號(hào)的系統(tǒng)叫做計(jì)算機(jī)，改譯：一種快速而準(zhǔn)確地處理符號(hào)的系統(tǒng)叫做計(jì)算機(jī)，它能夠它能夠接收、存儲(chǔ)、和處理數(shù)據(jù)，并能在存儲(chǔ)指令程接收、存儲(chǔ)、和處理數(shù)據(jù)，并能在存儲(chǔ)指令程序控制下產(chǎn)生輸出結(jié)果。序控制下產(chǎn)生輸出結(jié)果。一、先提后述法一、先提后述法v此譯法適用于結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的并列長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)此譯法適用于結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的并列長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)(從句從句)。翻譯時(shí)，首先用翻譯時(shí)，首先

4、用“這樣這樣(的的)”、“這樣一些這樣一些”、“下列下列(的的)”等詞語(yǔ)概括所有修飾成分，然后等詞語(yǔ)概括所有修飾成分，然后分別敘述各個(gè)修飾內(nèi)容分別敘述各個(gè)修飾內(nèi)容。用這種方法翻譯的。用這種方法翻譯的譯文，重點(diǎn)突出、條理清楚。在許多情況下，譯文，重點(diǎn)突出、條理清楚。在許多情況下，這是一種翻譯并列長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)這是一種翻譯并列長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)(從句從句)行之有效的行之有效的方法。方法。v例如：v例1. A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out th

5、is program by performing calculations on numerical data or by compiling and correlating other forms of information.v譯文：計(jì)算機(jī)是一種電子裝置，它能接受一套譯文：計(jì)算機(jī)是一種電子裝置，它能接受一套指令或程序，并通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)算，或收集和聯(lián)系指令或程序，并通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)算，或收集和聯(lián)系其他形式的信息來(lái)執(zhí)行該程序。其他形式的信息來(lái)執(zhí)行該程序。v(比較：計(jì)算機(jī)是一種能接受一套指令或程序，比較：計(jì)算機(jī)是一種能接受一套指令或程序，并通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)算，或收集和聯(lián)系其他形式的信并通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)算，或收集和聯(lián)系

6、其他形式的信息來(lái)執(zhí)行該程序的電子裝置息來(lái)執(zhí)行該程序的電子裝置)v例2. A sound card is a printed circuit board that can translate digital information into sound and back, that plug into a slot on the motherboard (the main circuit board of a computer) and is usually connected to a pair of speakers.v譯文：譯文：聲卡是一塊印刷電路板聲卡是一塊印刷電路板，它能把數(shù)字信息譯，

7、它能把數(shù)字信息譯為聲音，也能把聲音變?yōu)閿?shù)字信息，它插在母板為聲音，也能把聲音變?yōu)閿?shù)字信息，它插在母板(計(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)主電路板算機(jī)主電路板)上的槽內(nèi)，而且通常連接一對(duì)喇叭。上的槽內(nèi)，而且通常連接一對(duì)喇叭。v(比較：聲卡是一塊能把數(shù)字信息譯為聲音，也能把比較：聲卡是一塊能把數(shù)字信息譯為聲音，也能把聲音變?yōu)閿?shù)字信息，插在母板聲音變?yōu)閿?shù)字信息，插在母板(計(jì)算機(jī)主電路板計(jì)算機(jī)主電路板)上上的槽內(nèi)，而且通常連接一對(duì)喇叭的印刷電路板。的槽內(nèi)，而且通常連接一對(duì)喇叭的印刷電路板。)v例4. The World Wide Web is one of the Internets most popular services

8、, providing access to over one billion Web pages, which are documents created in a programming language called HTML and which can contain text, graphics, audio, video, and other objects, as well as hyperlinks that permit a user to jump easily from one page to another.v萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)是萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)是因特網(wǎng)最流行的服務(wù)之一因特網(wǎng)最流行的服務(wù)之一,

9、提供對(duì)超過(guò)提供對(duì)超過(guò)10億億網(wǎng)頁(yè)的訪問(wèn)，這些網(wǎng)頁(yè)是由一種叫做網(wǎng)頁(yè)的訪問(wèn)，這些網(wǎng)頁(yè)是由一種叫做HTML(超文本鏈超文本鏈接標(biāo)示語(yǔ)言接標(biāo)示語(yǔ)言)的編程語(yǔ)言生成的文件，它們可以包含的編程語(yǔ)言生成的文件，它們可以包含本文、圖形、聲頻、視頻和其他的對(duì)象、以及允許用本文、圖形、聲頻、視頻和其他的對(duì)象、以及允許用戶容易地跳躍到其他網(wǎng)頁(yè)的戶容易地跳躍到其他網(wǎng)頁(yè)的“超鏈接超鏈接”。二、先述后提法二、先述后提法v此譯法是此譯法是“先提后述法先提后述法”的倒置。也就的倒置。也就是先敘述中心詞是先敘述中心詞(組組)的修飾內(nèi)容的修飾內(nèi)容,最后用最后用“這樣的這樣的”、“這一切這一切”、“這種這種”、“這些這些”等詞語(yǔ)予

10、以呼應(yīng)。等詞語(yǔ)予以呼應(yīng)。對(duì)于科技英對(duì)于科技英語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)，這往往也是一種翻譯長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)或語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)，這往往也是一種翻譯長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句的有效方法。定語(yǔ)從句的有效方法。例如：v例例1. The fact that the Government may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data is not to be regarded by implication v譯文：政府可能已經(jīng)系統(tǒng)地闡述、提供或以某種方式譯文：政府可能已經(jīng)系統(tǒng)地闡述、提供或以某種

11、方式供應(yīng)了上述圖紙、規(guī)范或其他資料，供應(yīng)了上述圖紙、規(guī)范或其他資料，但這樣的事實(shí)但這樣的事實(shí)并并非暗示非暗示v(比較：政府可能已經(jīng)系統(tǒng)地闡述、提供或以某種方比較：政府可能已經(jīng)系統(tǒng)地闡述、提供或以某種方式供應(yīng)了上述圖紙、規(guī)范或其他資料的這一事實(shí)，并式供應(yīng)了上述圖紙、規(guī)范或其他資料的這一事實(shí)，并非暗示是非暗示是)v例2. The way in which a number of processor units are employed in a single computer system to increase the performance of the system in its appli

12、cation environment above the performance of single processor is an organizational technique.v譯文：將許多處理器組成單一的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，從而提高該系統(tǒng)在其運(yùn)行環(huán)境中的性能，使其超過(guò)單個(gè)處理器的性能，這種方法稱為組織技術(shù)這種方法稱為組織技術(shù)。v(比較：將許多處理器組成單一的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，從而提高該系統(tǒng)在其運(yùn)行環(huán)境中的性能，使其超過(guò)單個(gè)處理器的性能的方法稱為組織技術(shù)。)v例4. Each publication maintains its own editorial policy but, by and lar

13、ge, articles that report research results from a practical viewpoint or describe application of new technology or procedures to existing problem merit publication.v譯文：每種出版物都有各自的編輯原則，但一般來(lái)說(shuō)，從實(shí)用觀點(diǎn)報(bào)道研究成果，或描述新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，或描述存在問(wèn)題的過(guò)程，這樣的文章都是值得出版的。這樣的文章都是值得出版的。v(比較：每種出版物都有各自的編輯原則，但一般來(lái)說(shuō)，文章從實(shí)用觀點(diǎn)報(bào)道研究成果，或描述新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，或描述

14、存在問(wèn)題的過(guò)程是值得出版的。)Chapter three new words Brick-and-mortar retailers 傳統(tǒng)零售商Channel conflict渠道沖突Click-and-mortar retailer鼠標(biāo)加水泥型零售商Pure-play e-tailer完全電子零售商Cybermediation網(wǎng)絡(luò)中介Direct marketing 直銷E-grocer電子雜貨商hypermediation超中介on-demand delivery service按要求送貨服務(wù)(模式)Shopping robots (shopbots)購(gòu)物機(jī)器人Shopping agents

15、購(gòu)物代理Shopping portals購(gòu)物門(mén)戶E-tailing=electronic tailing 電子零售abstractvIn This chapter, will talk about retailing in EC.We will study the definition of e-tailing; the basic models of e-tailing; the strategy principles of traditional retailers; know more about the online travel operation, online employmen

16、t market, online real estate, online insurance, online stock market, online banking and online personal finance.and also we will study a new word “on-demand delivery” ; Secondly, we will talk about the delivery of digital product and online entertainment; the different e-tail consumer aids . in the

17、end, we will identify the critical success factors for direct marketing and e-tailing.From this chapter, we will be able to :1)Know more about the king of e-tailing -A ; and the definition of e-tailing 2)Define the basic business models of e-tailing :3)Identify the principles of “click-and mortar” s

18、trategies for traditional retailers4)Know more about the online travel operation, online employment market, online real estate, online insurance, online stock market, online banking and online personal finance.From this chapter, we will be able to :vUnderstand the meaning of on-demand deliveryvKnow

19、what is included in e-tail consumer aidsvWhat is the critical success factors for direct marketing and e-tailing.vCan give examples for reintermediation, channel conflicts, and personalization in e-tailing Chapter three 3.13.3difficult words entrepreneur企業(yè)家One-click order technology一鍵訂購(gòu)技術(shù)Return visi

20、t回訪Office supplies辦公用品Department stores門(mén)店apparel服裝Pet supplies寵物用品Niche products目標(biāo)產(chǎn)品High brand recognition高的品牌認(rèn)知度Multichannel store多渠道商店Travel guides旅行指南Virtual travel agencies虛擬旅行代理Currency conversion calculators貨幣兌換計(jì)算器Travel accessories旅游紀(jì)念品Frequent-flier deals老顧客優(yōu)待A stand-by ticket剩余機(jī)票（因未事先售出而價(jià)廉）

21、 （后備機(jī)票）Make-to-order online 網(wǎng)上訂制Voice phone call語(yǔ)音電話WAP cell phone WAP手機(jī)Flight status 航班狀態(tài)Frequent flyer miles常旅客飛行里程Customer profiles客戶檔案Tedious watchdog activitiesShop aroundTEXT-Difficulties ExplanationsvP95-The statistics for the volume of .vP97-the internet offers an open .vP98-The term is used to refer to .vP103-Therefore, many experts suggestvP106-Travel authorization softwarevP106-One online service