1、生物化學(xué)及分子生物學(xué)實驗常用縮略語（教學(xué)團隊的范浩講師編制）英文縮寫英文名中文名A(1)absorbance吸收率(2)absorbency吸收Acracrylamide丙烯酰胺ADPadenosinediphosphate二磷酸腺昔，腺昔二磷酸AMPadenosinemonophosphate腺背一磷酸，腺昔酸Ampampicillin氨葦青霉素AMVavianmyeloblastosisvirus禽類成髓細胞瘤病毒APSammoniumpersulfate過硫酸鏤ARanalyticalreagent分析純試劑ATPadenosinetriphosphate三磷酸腺昔，腺昔三磷酸ALTal

2、aninetransaminase丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶BACbacterialartificialchromosome細菌人工染色體BisN,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamideN,N'-亞甲雙丙烯酰胺BSAbovineserumalbumin牛血清白蛋白bpbasepair堿基對ccc-DNAcovalentlyclosedcircularDNA共價閉環(huán)DNAcDNAcomplementaryDNA互補DNACEcapillaryelectrophoresis毛細管電泳Chcholesterol膽固醇CPcreatinephosphate磷酸肌酸DEPCdiethy

3、lpyrocarbonate焦碳酸二乙酯DNAdeoxyribonucleicacid脫氧核糖核酸dsDNAdoublestrandedDNA雙鏈DNAdsRNAdoublestrandedRNA雙鏈RNADTTdithiothreitol二硫蘇糖醇EBethidiumbromide溟乙錠E.coliEscherichiacoli大腸桿菌EDTAethylenediaminetetraaceticacid乙二胺四乙酸EGTAethyleneglycolbis(2-aminoethyl)tetraaceticacid乙二醇二乙醛二胺四乙酸ELISAenzyme-linkedimmunosorbe

4、ntassay酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測定（法）FAMCarboxyfluorescein竣基熒光素FCMflowcytometry流式細胞儀FITCfluoresceinisothiocyanate異硫氧酸熒光素FPLCfastproteinliquidchromatograpgy快速（蛋白）液相層析G6PDglucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase葡糖-6-磷酸脫氫酶GFPgreenfluorescenceprotein綠色熒光蛋白GSTglutathione-S-transferase谷胱甘肽S轉(zhuǎn)移酶Hbhemoglobin血紅蛋白HEPES4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)

5、-1-piperazineethanesulfonicacid4-羥乙基哌嗪乙磺酸His,Hhistidine組氨酸HPLChighperformanceliquidchromatography高效液相層析Hspheatshockprotein熱休克蛋白IEFisoelectricfocusing等電聚焦IPTGisopropyl-&D-thiogalactoside異丙基-3D-硫代半乳糖普kbkilobasepair千堿基對kDakilo-Dalton千道爾頓KmMichaelisconstant米氏常數(shù)LDHlacticdehydrogenase;lactatedehydroge

6、nase乳酸脫氫酶mRNAmessengerRNA信使RNAMWmolecularweight分子量NBTnitrotetrazoliumblue氯化硝基四氮唾藍NCnitrocellulosemembrane硝酸纖維素膜oc-DNAopencircularDNA開環(huán)DNAODopticaldensity光密度PAGEpolyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳PCRpolymerasechainreaction聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)PKCproteinkinaseC蛋白激酶CPIisoelectricpoint等電點PMSFphenylmethanesulfony

7、lfluoride苯甲基磺酰氟RNaseribonucleaseRNA酶PBSphosphatebufferedsalinePBS緩沖液RNAiRNAinterferenceRNA干擾RPMroundperminute每分鐘轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)RQ-PCRReal-timequantitativePCR實時定量PCRRT-PCRreversetranscriptionPCR反轉(zhuǎn)錄PCR,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄PCRSDSsodiumdodecylsulfate十二烷基硫酸鈉siRNAsmallinterferingRNA小干擾RNASNPsinglenucleotidepolymorphism單核甘酸多態(tài)性SSCPsingl

8、estrandconformationpolymorphism單鏈構(gòu)象多態(tài)性SWRstandardworkingreagent標準工作液TBSTris-bufferedsodiumchlorideTBS緩沖液TETris-EDTAbuffer含Tris和EDTA的緩沖液TEMEDN,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamineN,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺TLCthin-layerchromatography薄層層析TrisN-Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane2-氨基-2-羥甲基-1,3-丙二醇UVultr

9、aviolet紫外線X-gal5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-0-D-galactoside5-漠-4-氯-3-口引噪-&D-半乳糖普YACyeastartificialchromosomevector酵母人工染色體載體生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)實驗常用詞中英文對照（教學(xué)團隊的范浩講師編制）Aabluent洗潔劑absolute(ethyl)alcohol無水乙醇absorbance(A)吸光率，吸收率absorbency(A)吸收性，吸光度absorption吸收(作用)absorptioncoefficient吸收系數(shù)absorptionspectrum吸收光譜ab

10、stract提取acetate乙酸鹽，醋酸鹽aceticacid乙酸，醋酸acidity酸度，酸性acrylamide丙烯酰胺adjustablemicropipetter可調(diào)式微量移液器/加樣器affinity親和，親和力，親和性affinitylabeling親和標記agar瓊脂agarose瓊脂糖agarosegelelectrophoresis瓊月旨糖凝膠電泳agitate攪動A:GratioA/G比率，清球比率alanine(Ala,A)丙氨酸albumin清蛋白，白蛋白alcohol酒精，乙醇alcoholburner酒精燈alkalinity堿度，堿性alkalinephosph

11、atase堿性磷酸酶alphacomplementationc-互補amino氨基aminoterminal氨基(末)端，N-(末)端ammoniumpersulfate過硫酸鏤ampholyte兩性電解質(zhì)ampliconPCR擴增產(chǎn)物amplification擴增analyticalbalance分析天平analyticalreagent分析純試齊Uanhydrous脫水的，無水的annealing退火antibiotics抗生素antibody抗體antigen抗原antiseptic消毒劑，防腐劑apolipoprotein載脂蛋白apoptosis凋亡appearentmolecula

12、rweight表觀分子量aseptic無菌的，防腐劑autoclave高壓滅菌器automaticbiochemicalanalyzer全自動生化分析儀automaticgelimageanalysissystem全自動凝膠成像分析系統(tǒng)autoradiography放射自顯影azotometer定氮儀Bbalance天平base堿基basesequence堿基序歹Ubeaker燒杯beakerbrush燒杯刷Beer'slaw比爾定律benchtopultracentrifuge臺式超速離心、機biochemistry生物化學(xué)biochip生物芯片biomacromolecule生物大

13、分子biotin生物素biuretreaction雙縮月尿反應(yīng)blender攪拌器，攪碎器blood血液bloodsugar血糖blotting印跡分析blottingmembranes印跡膜blottingpaper印跡用濾紙blue-whiteselection藍白斑篩選bluntend平端bottlebrush瓶刷bromophenolblue溟酚藍buffer緩沖液Ccapacity容量capillaryelectrophoresis毛細管電泳capillaryelectrophoresissystem毛細管電泳儀carboxy(l)竣基catalyst催化劑catecholamine

14、兒茶酚胺cation陽離子cDNA互補DNAcDNAchipcDNA芯片cDNAlibrarycDNA文庫cDNAprobecDNA探針cell細胞cellculture細胞培養(yǎng)cellophane玻璃紙celluloseacetatemembrane醋酸纖維薄膜centrifugalforce離心力centrifuge離心機centrifugetube離心管chromatogram層析圖，色譜chromatography層析，色譜法chromatographycolumn層析柱clamp夾子clone克隆cloningvector克隆載體CO2incubator二氧化碳培養(yǎng)箱coomassi

15、e(brilliant)blue考馬斯亮藍coomassie(brilliant)bluestaining考馬斯亮藍染色coefficient系數(shù)colloid膠體colony菌落colonycounter菌落計數(shù)器colorreaction呈色反應(yīng)colorimetry比色法competence感受態(tài)competentcell感受態(tài)細胞competitiveinhibition競爭性抑制作用complementaryDNA(cDNA)互補DNAcomponent成分，組分concentration濃度condenser冷凝器conformation空間構(gòu)象conicalbeaker錐形瓶co

16、nicalbottomculturetube錐底試管constanttemperatureincubator恒溫培養(yǎng)箱constanttemperatureoven恒溫箱content含量controlexperiment對照實驗cosmidvector黏粒載體，科斯質(zhì)粒載體counter計數(shù)器creatine肌酸culturedish培養(yǎng)皿cultureflask培養(yǎng)瓶culturemedia培養(yǎng)基cultureshaker培養(yǎng)搖床culturevessel培養(yǎng)瓶culturetube培養(yǎng)管cuvette比色皿D2-Delectrophoresisapparatus雙向電泳儀denatura

17、nt變性齊Udenaturation變性(作用)density密度densitygradientcentrifugation密度梯度離心、desiccator干燥器desiccant干燥齊Udetector檢測器detergent去垢劑，去污劑dialysis透析differentialdisplayPCR差異顯示PCRdigitalgelimageanalysissystem數(shù)碼凝膠成像分析儀diluent稀釋劑dilute稀釋distilledwater蒸儲水DNAblottingDNA印跡(法)DNAchipDNA芯片DNAligaseDNA連接酶DNAmarker標準分子量DNADNA

18、polymeraseDNA聚合酶DNArecombinationDNA重組DNArecombinationtechnique重組DNA技術(shù)DNArecombinationtechnology重組DNA技術(shù)DNAsequencerDNA測序儀dotblotting斑點印跡dropper滴管dryingoven干燥箱，干燥爐Eelectricstove電爐electricalreceptacle電源插座electrode電極electrolyte電解質(zhì)electromagneticoven電磁爐electrophoresis電泳electronicanalyticalbalance電子分析天平el

19、ectronicbalance電子天平electrophoresiscell電泳槽electrophoresissystem電泳儀electrophoretogram電泳圖(譜)electrophorogram電泳圖(譜)electroporation電穿孔electroporationinstrument電穿孔轉(zhuǎn)化儀electrothermalincubator電熱恒溫培養(yǎng)箱eluant洗脫液，洗脫劑eluate洗出液eluent洗脫液，洗脫劑elution洗脫enzyme酶Escherichiacoli大腸桿菌ethanol乙醇exon外顯子exponentialgrowthphase指數(shù)

20、生長期expressionvector表達載體extinctioncoefficient7肖光系數(shù)extract提取，抽取提取液Ffetalcalfserum胎牛血清filter過濾filtration過濾flask培養(yǎng)瓶，長頸瓶flowcytometer(FCM)流式細胞儀fluorescence熒光fluorescenceintensity熒光強度fluorescenceprobe熒光探針fluorescencequantifiedPCR熒光定量PCRfluorescencespectrophotometer熒光分光光度計fluorochrome熒光染料fluorophore熒光基團for

21、ceps鐐子formamide甲酰胺freezer冷凍冰箱frost-freerefrigerator無霜冰箱fullsizeultracentrifuge大型超速離心機fumehood通風櫥Ggaschromatography氣相層析gel凝膠gelchromatography凝膠層析gelcomb凝膠梳geldryer凝膠干燥儀gelimagingsystem凝膠成像系統(tǒng)gene基因genechip基因芯片genecloning基因克隆geneexpression基因表達geneinactivation基因失活geneknock-out基因敲除genelibrary基因文庫genetica

22、nalyzer全自動遺傳分析儀geneticengineering基因工程genome基因組genomicDNA基因組DNAgenomiclibrary基因組文庫glassware玻璃儀器glassgraduateswithscale亥U度量杯glassstopper玻璃瓶塞globulin球蛋白glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase(G6PD)6-磷酸葡萄糖脫氫酶glutamicoxaloacetictransaminase(GOT)谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶glutamicpyruvictransaminase(GPT)谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶glycogen糖原gradientcentrif

23、ugation梯度離心gradientthermalcycler梯度PCR儀graduatedcylinder量筒growthmedia培養(yǎng)基Hhemoglobin血紅蛋白heatshockprotein(HSP)熱休克蛋白heatingbath加熱水浴箱heat-stable耐熱的，熱穩(wěn)定的heparin肝素highdensitylipoprotein(HDL)高密度脂蛋白高效液相層析，高效液相色譜法highpressuresteamsterilizer高壓蒸汽滅菌器highspeedcentrifuge高速離心機highspeedrefrigeratedcentrifuge高速冷凍離心機h

24、ighspeedcentrifugation高速離心histidine(His,H)組氨酸homogenate組織勻漿homogenize勻漿homogenizer勻漿器homoiothermic恒溫的horizontalgelelectrophoresissystem水平凝膠電泳儀horseradishperoxidase辣根過氧化物酶host宿主hybridmolecule雜交分子hybridization雜交hybridizationinsitu原位雜交Iicemachine制冰機icescoop冰勺immunoblotting免疫印跡法immunoradioautography免疫放射

25、自顯影inactivation滅活incubation保溫，溫浴incubator培養(yǎng)箱induce誘導(dǎo)inducedmutagenesis誘變inducer誘導(dǎo)物induction誘導(dǎo)作用infection感染inhibitor抑制劑insertioninactivation插入滅活insertionsequence(IS)插入序歹Uinsituhybridization原位雜交insituPCR原位PCRinsulin胰島素invitro體外，試管內(nèi)invivo體內(nèi)iodacetamide碘乙酰胺ion-exchangeresin離子交換樹月旨ionexchangechromatograp

26、hy離子交換層析ionicstrength離子強度isoelectricfocusing等電聚焦isoelectricfocusingsystem等電聚焦儀isoelectricpoint(pI)等電點isoelectricseparation等電分離Jjar廣口瓶Kkalium鉀kinase激酶kineticcoefficient動力學(xué)系數(shù)kineticconstant動力學(xué)常數(shù)KlenowfragmentKlenow片段，DNA聚合酶I大片段Llabcart實驗室樣品推車labsink實驗室水槽labstool實驗凳laboratorynotebook實驗記錄本laboratorycoat

27、工作服label標簽lactose乳糖laserscanningconfocalmicroscope激光掃描共焦顯微鏡Lambert-Beerlaw朗伯-比爾定律latexglove乳膠手套ligand配體ligase連接酶liquidnitrogen液氮liquidnitrogenstoragetank液氮儲存罐loop細菌接種環(huán)lowspeedcentrifuge低速離心機lysis溶菌作用lysozyme溶菌酶Mmagneticstirrer磁力攪拌器malonicacid丙二酸marker記號筆medicinedropper滴管medium培養(yǎng)液methylase甲基化酶methyla

28、tion甲基化nucleicacidsequencingsystem核酸序歹U分析儀Ooligonucleotide寡核昔酸orbitalrocker旋轉(zhuǎn)混勻器optimumpH最適pHoptimumtemperature最適溫度outletstrip電源插座板oven烤箱methyleneblue亞甲藍，甲烯藍microbalance微量天平microcentrifuge微型離心機microcentrifugetube微型離心管microlitersyringe微量注射器microinjection顯微注射microinjector微量注射器microplatereader酶標儀microp

29、ipetter微量移液器micropipettertip微量移液頭microwaveoven微波爐milligram毫克mince切碎minigelsystem迷你凝膠電泳儀mitochondrialDNA(mtDNA)線粒體DNAmixer混合器，攪拌器mobility遷移率molecularcloning分子克隆，無性繁殖molecularhybridization分子雜交molecularweight分子量monoclonalantibody單克隆抗體mortar研缽Ppaperchromatography紙層析，紙色譜法paperlabel標簽paraffinfilm密封用石蠟薄膜PC

30、Rthermocycler基因擴增儀PCRplatePCR板penicillin青霉素pestle研杵pHbufferpH緩沖液pHmeterpH酸度計pHpaperpH試紙pHtestingstripspH試紙plasma血漿plasmid質(zhì)粒pipette移液管，吸量管pipettetip移液器吸頭，槍頭pipettor移液器polyclonalantibody多克隆抗體polymerase聚合酶，多聚酶polymerasechainreaction(PCR)聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)polymorphism多態(tài)性，多態(tài)現(xiàn)象multichannelpipetter多道移液器multifunctional

31、PCR多功能PCR儀pointmutation點突變positive正的，陽的multiplexPCR多重PCRmutation突變powersupply電源precipitationreaction沉淀反應(yīng)pre-castgel預(yù)制凝膠板Nnegative負的，陰性的nick缺口nicktranslation缺口平移法non-proteinnitrogen非蛋白氮NorthernblottingRNA印跡nucleicacid核酸pretreat預(yù)處理primer引物probe探針protease蛋白酶protein蛋白質(zhì)proteinchip蛋白質(zhì)芯片proteinexpression蛋白

32、質(zhì)表達nucleicacidhybridization核酸分子雜交proteinkinase蛋白激酶purification純化purity純度Rradioactivity放射性radioautography放射自顯影randomprimer隨機弓I物randompriming隨機弓I物法reagent試齊Ureagentbottle試劑瓶Real-timefluorescencequantifiedPCR實時熒光定量PCRreceptor受體referenceweightset標準祛碼系歹Urefrigerator冰箱relaxedcircularDNA開環(huán)DNArepeatingpipet

33、ter連續(xù)移液器reportergene報_告基因restrictionendonuclease限制性核酸內(nèi)切酶restrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphism(RFLP)限制性片段長度多態(tài)restrictionmap限制酶切圖譜reversetranscription逆轉(zhuǎn)錄ribonuclease(RNase)RNA酶RNaseHRNA酶Hrocker混搖器rockingplatform搖床rotor離心機轉(zhuǎn)頭rubberpipettebulb洗耳球rubberstopper橡皮瓶塞Ssafetyglasses安全眼鏡saltprecipitation鹽析sampl

34、e樣品sampling采樣，抽樣scalpel解剖刀scanner掃描器scintillationcounter閃爍計數(shù)儀scissors剪刀screening篩選sealsamplebag密封樣品袋semi-drytransferunit半干轉(zhuǎn)膜儀separation分離sequence序歹Usequencing測序sequenator序歹U分析儀serum血清shaker搖床，混合器shoecovers鞋套sodiumtetraphenylboron四苯硼鈉solidmedium固體培養(yǎng)基solubility溶解度solute溶質(zhì)solution溶液solvent溶齊1Jsonicosci

35、llation超聲振蕩sonicationprobe超聲(探)頭/端子sonicator超聲破碎儀SouthernblotDNA印跡spatula藥匙specimen樣品，標本spectrofluorimeter熒光分光光度計spectrophotography分光光度法spectrophotometer分光光度計squirtbottles洗瓶standardcurve標準曲線steamsterilizer蒸汽滅菌器stir攪動stirbar磁力攪拌轉(zhuǎn)子stopcock活塞，玻璃活塞stopper塞子substrate底物superhelix超螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)supernatant上清液syringe

36、needle注射器針頭TTaqDNApolymeraseTaqDNA聚合酶testtube試管testtubeholder試管夾testtuberack試管架testtubeshelf試管架template模板terminaltransferase末端轉(zhuǎn)移酶tetracycline四環(huán)素thermoduric耐熱的thermometer溫度計thermostat恒溫器thermostaticoscillationincubator恒溫振蕩培養(yǎng)器thermostaticoven恒溫烤箱thermostaticwaterbath恒溫水浴箱timer定時器thinmembraneelectropho

37、resis薄膜電泳tissue組織tissuegrinder組織研磨器tissueculture組織培養(yǎng)tissuehomogenate組織勻漿tracerisotope示蹤同位素transaminase轉(zhuǎn)氨酶transferapparatus電轉(zhuǎn)儀transduction轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)，轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)作用transfection轉(zhuǎn)染transformation轉(zhuǎn)化transmittance透光度transmittancy透射比tubebrush試管刷tumblingmixer翻轉(zhuǎn)混勻器Uultrafreezer超低溫冰箱ultrapurifiedwatersystem超純水系統(tǒng)ultrabalance微量天平u

38、ltracentrifuge超速離心機ultracentrifugation超速離心、ultrafiltrationmembrane超濾膜ultrasonication超聲破碎ultrasonator超聲振蕩器ultrasoniccelldisruptor超聲細胞破碎儀ultravioletabsorption紫夕卜吸收ultravioletlamp紫外觀察燈ultra-lowtemperaturefreezer超彳氐溫冰箱universalmicroplatereader通用酶標儀urea尿素UVspectrophotometer紫外分光光度計UV/VISspectrophotometer紫

39、外可見分光光度計Vvacuumdryingapparatus真空干燥器vacuumdryingoven真空干燥爐/箱vaseline凡士林vector載體verticalelectrophoresisapparatus垂直電泳儀verticalelectrophoresissystem垂直電泳儀virus病毒VISspectrophotometer可見分光光度計volumetricflask容量瓶vortexmixer漩渦?昆勻器Wwaterbathshaker水浴搖床waterbath水浴，水浴槽waterbathpot水浴鍋waterstill蒸儲水器wavelength波長96-well

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