1、 Unit 12Life is full of the unexpected.Look at the following pictures and talk about what you usually do inthe morning.I am waken up by the clock.Then, I stay sleepy for a while.Finally, I decide to get up !Then, I brush my teeth, still sleepy.Next, I have breakfast, feeling better.I take my schoolb

2、ag and leave home.I come to the bus station and wait for the school bus.In the end, I arrive at school and start the whole days classes.Grammar FocusWhen I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.By the time I got to school, the bell had rung.Before I got to the bus stop, the b

3、us had already left.I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.As I was waiting in line with the other office workers, I heard a loud sound. 一、概念一、概念過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，也可能是時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，也可能是早已完成或結(jié)束，即早已完成或結(jié)束，即“過去的過去過去的過去”；也可；也可以以指過去的動作延續(xù)到

4、過去的某個時刻。指過去的動作延續(xù)到過去的某個時刻。二、結(jié)構(gòu)二、結(jié)構(gòu)“had +動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞”三、用法三、用法 表示過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完表示過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完 成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。句中常用成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。句中常用by, before, when, until等詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語。等詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語。 它是以過去某一時間為起點，所以過去完成它是以過去某一時間為起點，所以過去完成 時是一個相對的時態(tài)，表示的是時是一個相對的時態(tài)，表示的是“過去的過過去的過 去去”。只有和過去某時間或某動作相比較時。只有和過去某時間或某動作相比較時 才能用到它。才能用到它

5、。 例例: Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 當(dāng)他到達晚會時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)客人已經(jīng)當(dāng)他到達晚會時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)客人已經(jīng) 離開了。離開了。 2. 過去完成時還可表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生過去完成時還可表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生 的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或持續(xù)下去，的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或持續(xù)下去， 常與常與for, since等詞連用。等詞連用。例：例： When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour. 當(dāng)杰克到時，瑪麗已經(jīng)離開快一個小時了

6、。當(dāng)杰克到時，瑪麗已經(jīng)離開快一個小時了。 【實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練】 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. When I got there the bus _ (go). 2. By the time I got to class, the teacher _ (start) teaching. 3. We _ (learn) over 1,000 words by the end of last term.4. I _ (clean) the room before he arrived here. had gonehad startedhad learnthad cleane

7、dby the time 的用法的用法by the time 意為意為“到到時候時候(為止為止)”，是，是一一個介詞短語，在句中常起到連詞的作用，個介詞短語，在句中常起到連詞的作用，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 如果如果從句中的謂語動詞是一般過去式，那從句中的謂語動詞是一般過去式，那么主句的謂語動詞通常用過去完成時么主句的謂語動詞通常用過去完成時，表，表示示“截止到從句動作發(fā)生時，主句動作已截止到從句動作發(fā)生時，主句動作已經(jīng)完成，即過去的過去經(jīng)完成，即過去的過去”。例：例：By the time you came back, I had finished this book. 你回來時

8、我已經(jīng)把這本書看完了。你回來時我已經(jīng)把這本書看完了。 （從句謂語動詞（從句謂語動詞came back 為一般過去為一般過去 時，所以主句動作用過去完成時時，所以主句動作用過去完成時had finished, 表示過去的過去。）表示過去的過去。）2. 如果如果從句中的謂語動詞為一般現(xiàn)在時或從句中的謂語動詞為一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時，那么從句中的謂語動詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時，那么從句中的謂語動詞常用將來完成時將來完成時，表示，表示“截止到將來的某一時截止到將來的某一時刻為止，主句動作將已完成。刻為止，主句動作將已完成?！崩豪築y the time I get home, they will have

9、left. 我到家時他們將已經(jīng)離開。我到家時他們將已經(jīng)離開。 By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for five years. 到明年畢到明年畢 業(yè)時，我將已經(jīng)在這待了五年了。業(yè)時，我將已經(jīng)在這待了五年了。（1） by the end of +時間點時間點意為意為“到到結(jié)束結(jié)束時時” +過去過去的時間點，主句用的時間點，主句用過去完成過去完成時；時；例：例：By the end of last year, I had stayed in Xian for seven years. 到去年結(jié)束時，我到去年結(jié)束時，我

10、已經(jīng)在西安待了已經(jīng)在西安待了7年了。年了。 +將來將來的時間點，的時間點， 主句用主句用將來完成將來完成時；時；例：例：By the end of next month, I will have finished my new book. 到下個月結(jié)束時我到下個月結(jié)束時我 將要完成我的新書。將要完成我的新書。(2) by+時間點時間點意為意為“到到為止；截止為止；截止時時” +現(xiàn)在的時間點，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時；現(xiàn)在的時間點，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時；例：例：By now, I have finished all my homework. 截止現(xiàn)在，我已經(jīng)完成了所有的作業(yè)。截止現(xiàn)在，我已經(jīng)完成了所有的作業(yè)

11、。 +過去的時間點，主句用過去完成時；過去的時間點，主句用過去完成時；例：例：By yesterday, the building had been completed. 截止昨天，這個建筑就已經(jīng)完成了。截止昨天，這個建筑就已經(jīng)完成了。 +將來的時間點，主句用將來完成時。將來的時間點，主句用將來完成時。例：例：By tomorrow, all the students will have been out of the school. 到明天所有的學(xué)生到明天所有的學(xué)生 都將離校。都將離校。1. Tim went into the bathroom. Mary got up._2. The co

12、ffee became cold. I put cream in the coffee._ 4a Make sentences using by the time or before.By the time Mary got up, Tim had already gone into the bathroom.Before I put cream in the coffee, the coffee had become cold. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school. _ _ I completed the work

13、 for my boss. The workday ended. _ _ By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.By the time the workday ended, I had completed the work for my boss. The movie started. I arrived at the cinema. _ _ My mother finished making the apple pie. I got home from my language cour

14、se. _ _ _By the time I arrived at the cinema, the movie had started.By the time I got home from my language course, my mother had finished making the apple pie. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else_ already _ .2.When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized he _to add the green beans

15、.4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.rush out forget arrive atgo into show up find outhadshown uphad forgotten By the time my mother came back from the market, I already _ the door to go for my piano lesson.4. Before she got to the airport, she _ about the earthquake

16、.5. When she _ the movie theater, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog. 6. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he _ the building.had rushed outhad forgottenarrived athad gone into By the time I left for school in the morning, _ By the end of the school day, _ 3. By dinner time, I _4c

17、 Write two true statements and one false statement about your day yesterday. Then ask your classmates to guess the false statement.I.I.根據(jù)漢語提示寫出下面句中所缺的單詞。根據(jù)漢語提示寫出下面句中所缺的單詞。1. I got up early this morning because I didnt want to _ (錯過錯過) the early bus. 2. The drop in prices was quiet _ (出乎意料的出乎意料的). 3.

18、 The _ (工人工人) fell down and got hurt.4. The plane was flying _ (在上面在上面) the clouds. 5. The river goes through the city from _ (西西) to east.missunexpectedworkerabovewestII. 寫出下面短語的意思。寫出下面短語的意思。 1. show up _ 2. be full of _ 3. arrive at _4. be about to _ 5. take off _ 6. turn into _ 7. find out _出現(xiàn)；露面

19、出現(xiàn)；露面充滿充滿到達到達將要做某事將要做某事(飛機飛機) 起飛起飛變成變成發(fā)現(xiàn)；找出發(fā)現(xiàn)；找出market burn above miss unexpected pie 1. I got up late and _ the early bus this morning. 2. The mountain is 1,000 meters _ the sea level. . 用方框中詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下面的句子。用方框中詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下面的句子。missedabove3. My daughter went with me to the _ and bought clothes. 4. His wife made some apple _ for supper.5. He became worried whe