1、初中英語介詞的用法一、介詞按其構(gòu)成可分為： 1. 簡單介詞 at, in, on, to, since, until 等。如He's worked there since 1998.2. 復(fù)合介詞 into, onto, out of 等。如：She is out of school. 3. 二重介詞 from under, from behind, from out of, until after, except in 等。如： I'm from out of town.  4. 短語介詞 because of, instead of, in spite

2、of 等。如：I went back not because of the rain, but because I was tired.二、介詞的作用： 1. 表示地點(diǎn)：after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under 等。如：1) at (a)表示在小地方; (b)表示“在附近，旁邊”in (a)表示 在大地方; (b)表示“在范圍之內(nèi)”。on 表示毗鄰，接壤，“在上面”。to 表示在范圍外，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否接壤；或“到”2)above, over, on 在上above 指在上方,不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直，與 below相對(duì),

3、如：The bird is flying above my head.over指垂直的上方,與under相對(duì),但over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。 There is a bridge over the river.on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。He put his watch on the desk.3)below, under 在下面under表示在正下方 There is a cat under the table.below表示在下，不一定在正下方Please write your name below the line.4)in front frantof, in the fro

4、nt of在前面in front of意思是“在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，兩者互不包括；其反義詞是behind（在的后面）。There are some flowers in front of the house.in the front of 意思是“在.的前部”，即甲物在乙物的內(nèi)部.反義詞是at the back of（在范圍內(nèi)的后部）。There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.我們的教室前邊有一塊黑板。Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.我們的老師站在教室前.(老師

5、在教室里)5）beside，behindbeside 表示在旁邊 behind 表示在后面 2. 表示時(shí)間：about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until 等。1)in , on，at 在時(shí)in表示較長時(shí)間，如世紀(jì)、朝代、時(shí)代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in ones life , in ones thirties等。on表示具體

6、某一天及其早、中、晚。如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Years Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。at表示某一時(shí)刻或較短暫的時(shí)間，或泛指圣誕節(jié)，復(fù)活節(jié)等。如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of , at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。注意：在last, next, t

7、his, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞。如：We meet every day.2)in, after 在之后“in +段時(shí)間”表示將來的一段時(shí)間以后； The baby will stop crying in half an hour. “after+段時(shí)間”表示過去的一段時(shí)間以后；The baby stopped crying after half an hour. “after+將來的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示將來的某一時(shí)刻以后。They will visit their teacher after Friday.3)from, since 自從from僅說明什么時(shí)候開始，

8、不說明某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)多久；since表示某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)至說話時(shí)刻，通常與完成時(shí)連用。since表示"自（某具體時(shí)間）以來"，常用作完成時(shí)態(tài)謂語的時(shí)間狀語。They have been close friends since childhood（1）since the war是指"自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束以來"，若指"自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開始以來"，須說"since the beginning of the war"。（2）不要將since與after混淆。比較：He has worked here since 1965（指一段時(shí)間，強(qiáng)

9、調(diào)時(shí)間段）自從1965年以來，他一直在這兒工作。He began to work here after 1965（指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間點(diǎn)）從1965年以后，他開始在這兒工作。4)after, behind 在之后after主要用于表示時(shí)間；behind主要用于表示位置。時(shí)間名詞前介詞用法口訣年前周前要用in具體日子要用on遇到幾號(hào)也用on上午下午得是in要說某日上下午用on換in記清楚午夜黃昏用at 黎明用它也不錯(cuò) at用在時(shí)分前說“差”可要用上to 說"過''要用past 3. 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向：at, across, around, on, over, un

10、der 等。across, through 通過，穿過 across表示橫過,即從物體表面通過，與on有關(guān)，為二維 through穿過,即從物體內(nèi)部穿過，與in有關(guān)，為三維。The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞太陽運(yùn)行。The car is under repair. 汽車在修理中。 4. 表示比較：as, like, above, over, with 等。如：She was something like her sister. Chinese is much more difficult in contrast with English. 

11、;5. 表示原因：about, for, from, with 等。如：Don't worry about my lessons. 不要擔(dān)心我的功課。Business kept me from coming. 我因事不能來。He was angry with what I did. 他對(duì)我所做的很氣憤。 6. 表示條件：to, with, without 等。如：Without your advice, he would have failed. 7. 表示手段、方式：as, by, in, with 等。如：He behaved as a drunkard.Lea

12、rn the new words by heart.We see with our eyes. 8. 表示距離、數(shù)量：from, in, within 等。如：My house is ten miles from the school.They were thirty in all.  9. 表示目的：as, for 等。如：I only said it as a joke.It's time for class.  10. 表示讓步：for, with 等。如：For all his effort, he didn't succeed.With all h

13、is money, he is unhappy.for 還可以引導(dǎo)插入語，如： I, for one, shall vote against the proposal.介詞的用法一覽 1. 與形容詞搭配的詞組有：be afraid of(怕)be angry with(生某人的氣)be away from(不在某地)be different from(與不同)be good at(善于)be good/ bad for (對(duì)有益/有害)be interested in(對(duì)感興趣)be late for(遲到)be/get ready for(為作好準(zhǔn)備)be sure of (對(duì)有把握)be worried about(為感到擔(dān)憂) 2. 介詞后常用人稱代詞賓格和動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式1) You must take good care of her.2) Thank you for teaching us so well.  3. “用”