1、 北師大版高中英語(yǔ) 知識(shí)概要與語(yǔ)法總結(jié)必修一 1.共有三個(gè)單元2.各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)第一單元：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，be going to 第二單元：一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)第三單元：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞3.全書(shū)單詞數(shù)量為：204個(gè)詞組數(shù)量為：44北師大版高一英語(yǔ)必修一第1單元一.重點(diǎn)句法詞法。 Lesson 11.疑問(wèn)句+do you think+述句結(jié)構(gòu)。該句式常用來(lái)詢問(wèn)對(duì)方對(duì)某事的意見(jiàn)或想法。Do you think 在句中作插入語(yǔ)。除了think以外，動(dòng)詞believe, imagine, suppose, guess, suggest等也常

2、用于該句式。Who do you think will give us a talk next week? 你覺(jué)得下星期誰(shuí)給我們做報(bào)告？What do yor think he will do tomorrow? 你認(rèn)為他明天會(huì)做什么？2.I thinkbut常用來(lái)表達(dá)先是肯定然后轉(zhuǎn)折。 I thought he should come by air, but he preferred to drive is new car.我以為他會(huì)坐飛機(jī)來(lái)，但他更愿意駕駛他的新車(chē)。3.relaxing. Relaxing 是由及物動(dòng)詞relax+ing構(gòu)成的形容詞，意思是“輕松的，令人放松的”。Borin

3、g和relaxing的構(gòu)詞法相同，意思是“令人厭煩的，單調(diào)乏味的”。Relaxed“放松的”和 bored“無(wú)聊的”常用來(lái)修飾人；而relaxing和boring均表示“令人”，常修飾物。Mary felt relaxed to make a relaxing conversation with a good friend, while Peter got bored with a lot of boring homework to do.和一個(gè)好朋友的輕松交談讓瑪麗感到很放松，而要做很多無(wú)聊的作業(yè)使彼得感到很厭煩。The teacher said something relaxin

4、g to get him relaxed, so Peter decided to do something satisfying to make the tacher satisfied.老師對(duì)他說(shuō)了一些讓人放松的事情使他放松，于是彼得決定做點(diǎn)兒令人滿意的事情讓老師滿意。4.suppose（認(rèn)為，猜想）的用法。(1)suppose+that從句，表示“猜測(cè)，假定”。I suppose that you are right. 我想你是對(duì)的。(2)supose+名詞/代詞+to be表示“認(rèn)為是”Many people suppose him to be over 50.許多人認(rèn)為他已經(jīng)50多歲

5、了。(3)suppose/supposing作“假定，設(shè)想”講，相當(dāng)于連詞if.Suppose you are wrong,what will you do then? 假如你錯(cuò)了，你將會(huì)怎樣做呢？(4)be supposed to“被期望做，應(yīng)該做”表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等，相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should.Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one? 我是應(yīng)該打掃所有房間呢還是只這一間？They were supposed to be here an hour ago.(5)用于簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中。-Do you think well

6、have good weather this weekend? 你認(rèn)為周末天氣會(huì)好嗎？-I suppose so/not. 我想會(huì)吧/我想不會(huì)。5.Imagine.Imagine 常用于祈使句，表示一種假設(shè)或設(shè)想的情況，用法和意義與suppose基本一樣。Imagine you marry such a lazy man. 想象一下你跟一個(gè)這樣懶惰的人結(jié)婚。(1)imagine (doing) something. 想象（做）某事。She imagined walking into the office and handing in her report. 她想象著自己走進(jìn)辦公室，遞上報(bào)告。(

7、2)imaging sb. Doing sth. 想象某人做某事I just can imagine him saying that! 我確實(shí)能想象到他那么說(shuō)！(3)imagine sb./sth.(to be)認(rèn)為某人/某事Dont imagine your husband to be always wrong.(4)imagine+that從句 想象，誤認(rèn)為Your cant imagine he should make such a mistake.你不到他竟然犯了這樣的錯(cuò)誤。6.forty-three-year-old是復(fù)合形容詞，作定語(yǔ)，其中year不能用復(fù)數(shù)。The Eiffel

8、Tower in Paris is a 120-year-old building. 巴黎的埃菲爾鐵塔是一座有著120年歷史的建筑。注意：（1）復(fù)合形容詞中，被修飾的中心詞與動(dòng)詞為主謂關(guān)系，該動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；或動(dòng)詞與其修飾的中心詞之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則該動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去分詞形式。English-speaking countries講英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家a horse-drawn carriage一輛馬車(chē)(2)復(fù)合形容詞中若含有句詞，名詞往往用單數(shù)形式a three-year-old child一個(gè)三歲的孩子a three-hour-drive開(kāi)車(chē)三小時(shí)的行程7.與turn相關(guān)短語(yǔ)turn on 打開(kāi)（自來(lái)水

9、、電燈、煤氣、無(wú)線電等）turn off 關(guān)掉（自來(lái)水、電燈、煤氣、無(wú)線電等）turn up 把音量調(diào)大；出現(xiàn)、露面turn down 把音量調(diào)低；拒絕turn in 上繳，歸還turn out 結(jié)果是，證明是turn over翻轉(zhuǎn)，翻身turn to轉(zhuǎn)向，求助于7.until到（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)）為止He stayed here until twelve oclock. 他在這里一直待到十二點(diǎn)。Until還可以作連詞。notuntil意思是“直到才”He will not give you any answer until he has thought it over. 他對(duì)此事仔細(xì)考慮之后才會(huì)給

10、你答復(fù)。8.與“開(kāi)、關(guān)”有關(guān)的詞(1)open/close/shut與door, window, box, book,eyes等連用(2)switch on/off多與radio, TV, light, computer等連用(3)turn on/off比switch on/off更通俗，多與radio, gas, water等連用。9.while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，與同時(shí)”，表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行或兩種狀態(tài)同時(shí)存在。He was still studying while the others were sleeping.While還可以表示“然而、卻”，連接兩個(gè)并列句，含有對(duì)比

11、的意味。Many people try their best to help the homeless while some just stand by.很多人盡力于幫助那些無(wú)家可歸的人，而有些人只是袖手旁觀。10.couldnt dowithout這是一個(gè)雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)。Without your help, I couldnt have made such great progress then.沒(méi)有你的幫助，我不可能取得那么大的進(jìn)步。11.與go有關(guān)的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)go about著手干；四處走動(dòng)；（故事等）流傳go against反對(duì)；違背；對(duì)不利go over檢查；復(fù)習(xí)go on with繼續(xù)

12、go without沒(méi)有而勉強(qiáng)應(yīng)付；沒(méi)有也行g(shù)o away/out離開(kāi)；出去go after sb./sth.追求某人/謀求某事go through審查，檢查，經(jīng)過(guò)，度過(guò)；經(jīng)歷（痛苦、困難等）go in for 參加（考試或比賽）；愛(ài)好go wrong/mad出毛病/瘋了go by時(shí)光流逝；順便走訪12.It takes sb. Some time to do sth. It takes some time for sb. To do sth.這兩個(gè)句型是固定句型，意思是“某人花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間做某事”13.“get+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，通常強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，也可指狀態(tài)的變化。此類結(jié)構(gòu)還有：get

13、 lost 迷路get dressed 穿衣get hurt 受傷get paid得到報(bào)酬get married結(jié)婚14.動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞或代詞有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next, last only等限定詞時(shí)，要使用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。I am always the first person to get to the office. 我總是第一個(gè)到辦公室。Miss Brown is the last person to rise to speak.布朗小姐是最后一個(gè)站起來(lái)發(fā)言的人。15.與take有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)take up占據(jù)take turns輪流take off 起飛ta

14、ke over接收，接管take in欺騙，收留take down記下take on 呈現(xiàn)；雇用15.be filled with充滿著，相當(dāng)于be full offillup with用裝滿，填滿fill in填寫(xiě)；度過(guò)（時(shí)光）16.so+形容詞或副詞+that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“如此以至于”(1)so that=in order thatHe works very hard so that he can buy his own apartment.他努力工作，為的是能買(mǎi)一套自己的公寓。(2)suchthat作“如此以至于”講，連接一個(gè)表示結(jié)果的狀語(yǔ)從句。He was such an

15、honest man that he was praised by the teacher.他非常誠(chéng)實(shí)，因而受到了老師的表?yè)P(yáng)。注意：如果后邊的名詞前由many, much,few, little等詞修飾的話，則不用such而用so.但當(dāng)little的意思表示“small或young”時(shí)，仍然使用suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)。17.bring組成的短語(yǔ)bring back拿回，帶回，恢復(fù)，使想起bring down降低，使下降bring up扶養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育bring in引起，帶來(lái)，賺錢(qián)，贏利bring out使顯露，生產(chǎn)bring about使發(fā)生，導(dǎo)致plain to sb.about/of sth.

16、向某人抱怨/訴苦 complain about sth. to sb. 向某人抱怨某事 She is always complaining about something. 她總是滿腹牢騷 Lesson 21.I find painting or drwing very relaxing這句用的是“find+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：Find+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞/副詞Find+賓語(yǔ)+名詞Find+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/to be不定式Find+賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)She woke up and found herself in a hospital bed.2.stress lay/plac

17、e/put stress on 把重點(diǎn)放在上3.take place與happen, occur的用法區(qū)別take place:指按計(jì)劃、安排“發(fā)生”；“舉行，進(jìn)行”，相當(dāng)于holdhappen：指偶然、意外的“發(fā)生”；“碰巧”，后面接動(dòng)詞不定式occur作“發(fā)生”解，一般可與happen互換。Occur還表示“想起、想到”It happened that the driver was his cousin. 那位司機(jī)碰巧是他的表弟。When will the basketball game take place? 籃球賽何時(shí)舉行？The idea occurred to him in a d

18、ream.4.suffer與suffer fromSuffer:意為“遭受（痛苦、損失）”，其賓語(yǔ)為pain, loss, punishment, wrong, hardship等Suffer from:指遭受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、自然災(zāi)害帶來(lái)的苦難及患病之苦They suffered a great loss in the earthquake. 在地震中，他們?cè)馐芰酥卮髶p失。They suffered from all kinds of diseases in those years. 那些年他們身患各種各樣的病。5.reduceto 表示“減少到”；其中介詞to表示“減少后的結(jié)果” reduceby表示

19、“減少了”；其中介詞by表示“減少的程度或幅度”6.I cant stand talking in front of others. “talking in front of others”為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作stand的賓語(yǔ)后跟勸名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞還有：consider, admit, avoid, practise, appreciate, risk, imagine等We are considering buying a new car.我們?cè)诳紤]買(mǎi)一輛新車(chē)。She tried to avoid answering my questions.她試圖避而不答我的問(wèn)題。7.prefer sth./d

20、oing sth.更喜歡 Prefer to do sth. 寧愿做某事 Prefer sth./doing sth. to sth./doing sth.寧愿而不愿 Prefer sb. To do sth. 寧愿某人做某事 Prefer to do sth. rather than do 寧愿而不愿 Prefer that sb. (should) do sth.寧愿某人做某事 Lesson 31.volunteer（1）作名詞，表示“志愿者”常接介詞或不定式The volunteers for community service are doing a good job. 社區(qū)服務(wù)的志愿

21、者做得很出色。（2）作動(dòng)詞，表“自愿去做”常跟to do 不定式The young man volunteered to help the old man. 那個(gè)年輕人主動(dòng)去幫助那位老年人。Voluntary: adj. 自愿的，志愿的She does voluntary work for the Red Cross. 她自愿義務(wù)為紅十字會(huì)工作。2. pay attention to注意，留心，重視，相當(dāng)于fix ones attention on/upon Draw/attract ones attetion (to)引起某人的注意；使某人注意 Lesson 41.連詞before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間

22、狀語(yǔ)從句 Im always tried before I arrive at work. 這樣每天到辦公室前，我就已感到很疲倦。連詞before的常見(jiàn)用法：（1）it will be/was+時(shí)間段+before+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：過(guò)了（一段時(shí)間）才It was quite a few years before he finally finished his novel. 過(guò)了好多年他才寫(xiě)才了這本小說(shuō)（2）It wont be/wasnt+時(shí)間段+before+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：沒(méi)過(guò)多久就It wont be long before we meet again.（3）強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作還沒(méi)有發(fā)生，主句動(dòng)作

23、就發(fā)生了，作“還沒(méi)來(lái)得及/沒(méi)等就”講Before I could sit down he offered me a cup of tea. 沒(méi)等我坐下，他就給我端上一杯茶。（4）趁著Try to grasp the opportunity before it is too late. 趁現(xiàn)在還不晚，一定要抓住機(jī)會(huì)。2.有關(guān)make sure的短語(yǔ)(1) make sure that+賓語(yǔ)從句注意：make sure 后面常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，后接名詞時(shí)需加介詞of/about一般不用不定式，沒(méi)有make sure to do sth.的句型。(2) be sure to do sth.務(wù)

24、必/一定會(huì)做某事(3) be sure of/about be sure that+從句，表示肯定，對(duì)有把握3.especially, specialy, particularlyespecially:意為“尤其、特別地”。用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，常用在所強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞、副詞及狀語(yǔ)從句前。specially:意這“特意的，專門(mén)地”。強(qiáng)調(diào)不廣泛，是專門(mén)為某一目的而進(jìn)行的特地行為。Particularly：=in particular“特別的，尤其”；表過(guò)某事不尋常、過(guò)分或特別重要。常用于修飾名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)。4. at the moment此刻，目前，常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) For the mome

25、nt暫時(shí)，目前 For a moment片刻，一會(huì)兒 In a moment 立刻，馬上 The moment“一就”5.notanymore和no more意思想同，表示“不再”Hurry up! I cant wait anymore. = Hurry up! I can no more wait. 快點(diǎn)，我不能再等了。6.as a result因此，結(jié)果 As a result of +n./pron.由于Result in 導(dǎo)致，造成結(jié)果Result from起因于，由于Without result毫無(wú)結(jié)果地，徒勞地e up with 提出，想出（計(jì)劃、主意等） Come across

26、偶然遇到Come about發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生Come out（花兒）開(kāi)放；出，發(fā)行； Come true成真，變成現(xiàn)實(shí)8. include與contianinInclude作“包含”解時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)只是整體中的一部分，側(cè)重于圍Contain作“包含”解時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)指的是整體的全部或部分，側(cè)重于容The bottle contains two glasses of beer.這瓶子能裝兩杯啤酒。Six people were killed, including a child. 6人死亡，其中包括一句小孩。9. “主語(yǔ)+be+said/thought/believed/supposed等+動(dòng)詞不定式

27、”句型表示“據(jù)說(shuō)，人們說(shuō)”，相當(dāng)于”It is/was+said/thought/believed/supposed等+that從句”It is said that Sydney is beautiful.10.make a difference：有關(guān)系，有影響 Make no difference:沒(méi)有影響 Make some difference：有一些影響二.語(yǔ)法1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成和句式：肯定式：主語(yǔ)+do/does 或be(me/is/are)+其他否定式：主語(yǔ)+do/does+not或be(me/is/are)+not+其他疑問(wèn)式：Do/Does或Be(am/is/are)

28、+主語(yǔ)+其他用法：（1）表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。You look good in this new suit.（2）表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與usually, often, always, every day, sometimes, once a month, never等連用。I often feel cold at this time of year.（3）表示普遍真理和客觀存在的事實(shí)。But it is spring now. It is warm in spring.（4）表示計(jì)劃、安排好的將來(lái)動(dòng)作。常用表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞。如go, come, arrive,

29、leave, start, begin等。The train leaves a 3:30 p.m.（5）在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Well go to the park if it does not rain tomorrow.2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成和句式：肯定式：主語(yǔ)+ be(me/is/are)+doing+其他否定式：主語(yǔ)+ be(me/is/are)not+doing+其他疑問(wèn)式：be(me/is/are)+主語(yǔ)+doing+其他用法：（1）表示正在時(shí)行的動(dòng)作。Peter, what are you doing there?（2）表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而此刻不一定進(jìn)行

30、的動(dòng)作。We are studying Spanish this semester.（3）表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 一般跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，表明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有arrive, begin, come, go, leave,start, stay等。He is leaving for London next week.（4）表示發(fā)展中或正在改變的情況The weather is getting colder and colder.（5）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可與always, forever, continually, constantly等副詞喧囂用，表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，含有抱怨、贊嘆、厭倦等感

31、情色彩。He is always changing his mind.（6）用于動(dòng)詞hope, want, 和wonder等，表示一種比一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)更委婉的證據(jù)。I am wondering if you can lend me your bike.3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)構(gòu)成及用法：（1）“will+動(dòng)詞原形”，常用來(lái)表示將來(lái)存在的狀態(tài)、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；還可表示一種沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)考慮的主觀意圖，可能是在說(shuō)的當(dāng)時(shí)才作出的決定。It will be my birthday in two days.I will buy you a new car for your birthday.（2）“be going

32、to+動(dòng)詞原形”：可以表示近期的打算，常用來(lái)表示事先已經(jīng)決定或安排要做的事，常譯為“準(zhǔn)備做”或“打算做”；還可以表示“有跡象表明或預(yù)示著”。How are you going to spend your weekend?（3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示計(jì)劃好或準(zhǔn)備要做的事。若用一些表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的終止性動(dòng)詞，如go, come,leave, start, begin, take等，則表示馬上要做某事。Im taking the kids to the zoo this Sunday.（4）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)：主要指嚴(yán)格按昭原定計(jì)劃、時(shí)刻表將要發(fā)生的事情；在條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中

33、，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。I will return your car I you remember to buy a new car for my birthday.（5）“be to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示將來(lái)：這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示計(jì)劃中約定的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)和要求必須做的事或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I am to do some shopping.（6）“be about to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示將來(lái)：這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示眼下馬上要發(fā)生，不強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀，一般不能與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Oh, the store is about to close. 北師大版一輪復(fù)習(xí)必修一 單元練習(xí) Unit 1Lifestyles1Hows you

34、r tour around the North Lake？Is it beautiful?It _ be，but it is now heavily polluted.Awill Bwould Cshould Dmust2The train_ arrive at 1130，but was an hour late. Awas about to Bwas likely toCwas supposed to Dwas certain to3Progress so far has been very good._，we are sure that the project will be comple

35、ted on time. AHowever BOtherwiseCTherefore DBesides4During the war，he_ much pain.Ais suffered BsufferedCwas suffered Dwas suffered from5I would keep my_ from that dog，if I were youit will bite. Aspace Bdistance Clength Dreach6The old lady came in，_ herself with a walking stick.Araising Bsupporting C

36、lifting Drising7Ladies and gentlemen，please switch_ your mobile phones！The plane is taking off.Aover Bon Cto Doff8Would you like me_ the radio a bit?No，its all right.Im used to_ with the radio_. Ato turn up；work；on Bto turn down；working；offCturning up；working；off Dto turn down；working；on9After study

37、ing in a medical college for five years，Jane_ her job as a doctor in the countryside.Aset out Btook overCtook up Dset up10Four dollars a pair？I think its a bit too much.If you buy three pairs，the price for each will_ to three fifty.Acome down Btake downCturn over Dgo over11When day broke，we found ou

38、rselves_ on the shore.Alying Blain Clay Dto lie12Have you finished your homework?Yes._？ AHow about you BHow comeCHow so DHow about it13John！Is this bag yours?Yes.It is the same bag_ I lost yesterday.Where did you find it?Awhich Bas Cthat Dso14_ about the economic crisis that he decided to look for m

39、ore information about it.ASo curious he was BSo curious was heCSuch curious he was DSuch curious was he15Does_ matter whether he can finish the job on time？ Athis Bthat Che Dit北師大版高一英語(yǔ)必修一第2單元Warm-up1.clam的用法calm down平靜下來(lái)keep clam/remain calm保持冷靜calm oneself down使自己鎮(zhèn)靜下來(lái)詞匯辨析：calm:平靜的，沉著的，指無(wú)風(fēng)浪或人的心情不激動(dòng)

40、You should keep calm even in face of danger.quiet:寧?kù)o的，安靜的。指沒(méi)有聲音、不吵鬧或心里沒(méi)有煩惱、憂慮 Could you keep the kids quiet while Im on the phone?still:靜止的，不動(dòng)的，指沒(méi)有運(yùn)動(dòng)或動(dòng)作的狀態(tài) Keep still while I brus your hair.silent:寂靜的，沉默的，不出聲的。指沒(méi)有聲音或不講話。 He was silent for a moment, then began his answer.2.generous慷慨的，大方的be generous

41、to sb.對(duì)某人寬容be generous with sth.(用錢(qián)等)大方It is/was generous of you to take so much interest in my work.He is always generous with money when his friends turn to him for help.3.character: n性格，品質(zhì)。一般用來(lái)指人的性格特征。 characteristic：adj 特征的，特性。一般用來(lái)指一事物與他物區(qū)別的不同的特征。Lucy and Lily are twins, but they have different

42、characters.A characteristic of this species is the blue stripes.Lesson 1一.句法與詞法1.多個(gè)詞一起修飾一個(gè)名詞，其順序通常為：限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國(guó)籍出材料，作用類別往后靠。The old lady wants to buy a beautiful red Chinese silk dress for her daughter as a present.In the middle of the room stands a beautiful round wooden table.2.choose from

43、:從中挑選 chooseas:挑選作為3.separate v.（使）分離；（使）分開(kāi)；分手 adj.單獨(dú)的；獨(dú)立的詞匯辨析：separate:表示“將與分開(kāi)”，指把原來(lái)連在一起或靠近的分隔開(kāi)來(lái)separatefrom把和分開(kāi)Its impossible to separate belief from emotion.信仰和感情是分不開(kāi)的。divide：往往指把某個(gè)整體劃分為若干部分divideinto把分成The world is divided into seven continents and four oceans.世界分成七和4大洋。4.because of由于，因?yàn)楹竺娉８~、代

44、詞、動(dòng)名詞。because是連詞，引導(dǎo)從句He failed the final game because of his carelessness.=He failed the final game because he was careless.I come back because of the rain.5.Yang Liwei had several tasks to complete during the flight and only slept in the spaceship for about 3 hours.本句中不定式to complete作后置定語(yǔ)修飾tasks，由于t

45、asks作其賓語(yǔ)，不定式動(dòng)詞又和該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如果沒(méi)有這種主謂關(guān)系，則不定式需要用被動(dòng)形式。I have got a letter to write.The manager has a letter to be typed.當(dāng)不定式作表語(yǔ)形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，又和句中的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，這時(shí)用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。常可以樣用的形容詞一般有：easy, difficult, hard, pleasant, nice, interesting等。The grammar book is difficult to understand.The task

46、 is necessary to finish in time.6.Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations, expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully.Expressing the wished of the .為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。They came into the classroom, following the little boy.現(xiàn)在分詞除了可作伴隨

47、狀語(yǔ)，還可作方式、條件、原因、讓步、結(jié)果、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Her mother died, leaving her with four younger brothers and sister. （表結(jié)果）Being too old, he couldnt walk that far. （原因狀語(yǔ)）7.let out釋放，放開(kāi)；泄露（秘密、消息等）；發(fā)出（叫喊等）；放寬，放大（衣服等）They were let out of prison last month.let alone更不用說(shuō)let down使某人失望The baby cant ever walk, let alone run.Im afr

48、aid she let us lions of當(dāng)hundred, thousand, million, dozen等以單數(shù)形式存在時(shí)，其前常用表示具體數(shù)量的詞或several, some, many等修飾。當(dāng)hundred, thousand, million, dozen等以復(fù)數(shù)形式存在時(shí)，其后要加of，但前面不能用表示數(shù)量的詞修飾。9.wave v.揮手致意，招手；起伏 n.波浪，揮手wave at/to sb.向某人揮手/擺手wave sth. at sb.向某人揮動(dòng)某物wave goodbye to sb.= wave sb. goodbye.向某人揮手告別10.t

49、ooto太而不能在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，too后面跟形容詞或副詞，to后面跟動(dòng)詞原形該結(jié)構(gòu)還可以拓展為toofor sb. to(1)當(dāng)too后的形容詞是表示心情的形容詞時(shí)，如glad, pleased, surpised, happy, eager, anxious等，此時(shí)，too相當(dāng)于very或very much.Im too glad to meet you.見(jiàn)到你我非常高興。(2)tooto與never, not等連用時(shí)，也表示肯定意義。It is never too late to mend.亡羊補(bǔ)牢未為晚也。(3)a little, a bit, rather, a lot, all, muc

50、h等都可以修飾too，表示不同的程度。Very, fairly, quite, pretty等詞不能用來(lái)修飾too.Joan tried on the skirt. It was a bit too big for her.11.when=at that time 這時(shí)，在那時(shí)（表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的突然性）in ones opinion 在某人看來(lái)12.personally(就自己而言，就我個(gè)人而言), as far as I（在我看來(lái)）13.be equal to 與相等/平等be equal to (doing) sth. 勝任（做）某事14. struggle to do sth. 努力去做某

51、事struggle to ones feet 掙扎著站起來(lái)struggle against 與作斗爭(zhēng) +反對(duì)的對(duì)象struggle for 為（爭(zhēng)?。┒窢?zhēng)/奮斗 +目的struggle with （1）與作斗爭(zhēng)，（2）和一起搏斗15.judge v. 判斷，斷定；估計(jì)，評(píng)價(jià)judging from/by 根據(jù)判斷16.be content to do sth. 對(duì)(做) 滿意be content with sth. 17.skill n. 技術(shù)，技能，技巧skilled adj. 有技能的，熟練的；需要特殊技能的be skilled in 熟悉/擅長(zhǎng)18.used adj. 習(xí)慣的，使用過(guò)的

52、 useful adj. 有用的，有益的 useless adj無(wú)用的uselessness n. 無(wú)用，無(wú)效二重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法1一般過(guò)去時(shí)構(gòu)成和句式：構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或be(was, were)句式：否定句not加在did或be后，疑問(wèn)句把did或be提到主語(yǔ)前。用法：（1） 表過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I visited the Water Cube a month ago.（2）表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。We sometimes went to swim last summer.（3）表示過(guò)去相繼發(fā)生的一系列的連續(xù)動(dòng)作。He got up, washed his face, and went to school by bus.（4）在時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式等從句中表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。Tom