1、高級英語指導(dǎo)（轉(zhuǎn)載）高級英語引言高級英語是全國高等教育自學(xué)考試英語專業(yè)高級階段（本科段）一門核心課程，又稱精讀課，屬必考課程。其重要性，毋庸多言?，F(xiàn)在就如何學(xué)好這門課程，從本人的教學(xué)實(shí)踐以及學(xué)員們在學(xué)習(xí)中遇到的一些問題等方面談自己的體會。本人對自學(xué)考生有一份由衷的欣賞之情你們在簡易的學(xué)習(xí)條件下要通過十幾門的嚴(yán)格考試，非有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的毅力和踏實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)精神不可。這也就是為什么自考文憑在社會上含金量較高，認(rèn)知度較高的一種文憑。高級英語的學(xué)習(xí)是建立在學(xué)員已打好了英語基礎(chǔ)之上。英語基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)好比是萬丈高樓的基石，只有過去牢固的英語基石才有現(xiàn)在遨游于高級英語之中的“自由”。高級英語學(xué)習(xí)宗旨高級英語學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)已從基

2、本的英語語音，詞匯，語法的掌握上升到：一、 閱讀理解及詞匯應(yīng)用：能夠區(qū)分、應(yīng)用同、近義詞；很好地理解文章的主題與內(nèi)容。二、 提高英語的表達(dá)能力：學(xué)員應(yīng)能用英語解釋英語難句，進(jìn)行有一定難度的英漢互譯，用英語對文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納，并對文章進(jìn)行簡要的分析、評論。高級英語學(xué)習(xí)方法學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)該注意下列一些方面：首先，牢記教材是根本。以前，教材單調(diào)，教輔條件簡陋，照樣培養(yǎng)出學(xué)貫東西的語言大師來?，F(xiàn)在英語讀物多了，時(shí)尚的學(xué)習(xí)工具多了，英語并沒有變得容易學(xué)了。究其原因是人們的心態(tài)變了，變得浮躁了。對什么都這山望著那山高，今天這個(gè)時(shí)髦得學(xué)習(xí)方法，明天那本最新教材。殊不知一切方法都建立在一定的基礎(chǔ)上的，一個(gè)人的興趣、

3、悟性、修行沒有到達(dá)那個(gè)層面，再美好的東西跟你也是無緣。而且從高級英語考試大綱規(guī)定來看，以教材為本這一思想也是顯而易見的，試卷中60%分值的題目都是根據(jù)教材中課文內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)的。也許有人會說，這豈不是說要死讀書不成。我們學(xué)習(xí)英語不是要提高交際能力，提高聽、說能力嗎？試問沒有一定詞匯量的積累，一定的句法結(jié)構(gòu)，一定的語法水平，你如何張嘴，如何聽懂別人說的話。不要用任何借口放棄（或說逃避）對教材學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該付出的那份心血和艱辛。其次，要培養(yǎng)自己對教材中三十二篇課文的興趣和熱愛。這些課文不但是幫助我們學(xué)好英文語言知識，而且?guī)椭覀儗W(xué)到很多為人處世的道理。從“Rock Superstars: What Do Th

4、ey Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society”，我們知道：搖滾樂是一種社會心理的表現(xiàn)； Rock is the music of teenage rebellion; By a mans heroes ye shall know him.從“The Trouble with Television”, 我們可以看出電視對社會和文化的負(fù)面影響：人們的注意力下降，讀寫能力出現(xiàn)危機(jī)等。從 “On Human Nature and Politics” , 我們知道從事政治活動(dòng)的人有四個(gè)動(dòng)機(jī)，那就是：占有欲，競爭欲，虛榮心及權(quán)利欲。（這里只舉三篇課文為例）通過精讀、

5、熟記這些課文，我們不但可以擴(kuò)大詞匯量、掌握許多句型結(jié)構(gòu)，而且在與他人交談時(shí)不再是只會一點(diǎn)乒乓英語 幾個(gè)來回，短平快就說不下去了，而是能夠使自己說的話既有深度，又有廣度，同時(shí)有能通過高級英語自學(xué)考試。以后，我們談到搖滾不只會說鬧心，談到電視只會說費(fèi)時(shí)，談到國際政治只會說虛偽，而是可以做到探討每一個(gè)話題的多個(gè)方面。這樣一舉多得的事何樂而不為呢？考試要求與應(yīng)試方法命題是自學(xué)考試的核心，是實(shí)現(xiàn)專業(yè)考試計(jì)劃規(guī)定的專業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的關(guān)鍵。因此了解命題的原則與要求、題型、試卷的難易度等，對考生學(xué)習(xí)是很有幫助的。現(xiàn)在我們一塊來看一下高級英語自學(xué)考試大綱詳見高級英語下冊第335頁，通過高級英語的考試要求，結(jié)合以往的試題

6、及課后練習(xí)，我們提出一些學(xué)習(xí)方法及應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)一、 高級英語考試命題原則高級英語考試命題原則如下：1 高級英語試卷總結(jié)構(gòu)和所占分?jǐn)?shù)比例每份試卷包括兩大部分，第一部分考核教材內(nèi)容，占總分的60%左右；第二部分是水平考試，使用教材以外的一篇短文，占總分的40%。2 高級英語考試項(xiàng)目的技能結(jié)構(gòu)每份高級英語試卷中考讀、寫、譯三種技能?！白x”包括內(nèi)容理解和詞匯掌握；“寫”為回答就課文所提的問題；“譯”為英譯中和中譯英。3 高級英語考試題目的難度結(jié)構(gòu)與課程內(nèi)容有關(guān)的題目占60%左右，水平考試的題目占40%左右，其中易占20%左右，較易占30%左右，較難占30%左右，難占20%左右。二、 高級英語試題類型試題分

7、為兩個(gè)大部分：A考核課程內(nèi)容B水平考試，重點(diǎn)為閱讀理解能力。（ 注：下列題型作為參考，每次試卷中只選用其中幾種。考核課程內(nèi)容的五類；水平考試的四類。）A 高級英語考核教材內(nèi)容1 完形練習(xí)考核學(xué)生對課文內(nèi)容的掌握，從課文句子或段落中抽去一個(gè)詞或詞組，學(xué)生需從試卷提供的詞或詞組中選擇與課文一樣的填入空中。例如：（2003年考題）The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best

8、 completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (12 points, 0.5 point each) Rumors 1 quickly that I was a FBI agent. I was 2 because I was not 3_ to return. Some people said I was either a federal agent or a 4 , fo

9、r no 5 man, they said, returns to Watts by 6 . Television 7 on advertising to an even greater 8 than newspapers, and since advertising is big business, advertising is by 9 Republican. Yet nowhere in network newscasts or network commentaries on current events have I 10 the intense partisanship, the o

10、ften rabid 11 that colors the editorial 12 of the majority of newspapers in this country. The chances had 13 to one in eight when the 14 clerk drew the second slip. He 15 his throat and 16 his pince-nez as though he had to make sure he was not 17 . “Ah, Monsieur Voisin,” he said with a 18 undecided

11、smile, “May I join you?” Some people believe that the time of death is 19 by God and that no man should _20 the clock back on another. 21 if a patients philosophical views embrace _ 22 , it is not clear why the religious 23 of others should intrude 24_ his death.A. reasonable B. put C. bias D. choic

12、eE. nature F. yet G. mistaken H. livesI. thin J. encountered K. euthanasia L. foolM. spread N. objections O. pages P. extentQ. elderly R. suspect S. cleared T. narrowedU. put on V. on W. supposed X. appointed該題正如考核要求規(guī)定，是要檢查學(xué)員對課文的熟悉程度。假如考生對所學(xué)教材了然于心的話，該題做起來當(dāng)然如探囊取物。這也就是我們?yōu)槭裁丛趯W(xué)習(xí)高級英語方法時(shí)，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)要牢記教材課文的原因之一。

13、由于完型填空題不但測試考生使用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力，同時(shí)又測試考生對短文篇章的理解，它是對考生綜合運(yùn)用語言能力的測試，所以考生在考試時(shí)確實(shí)遇到了困難（最好不要在這樣的考題上出麻煩），我們也有一些辦法可以采取。完型填空題的一般解題技巧是：解題技巧：1 通讀該段文章。首先了解材料內(nèi)容，做到心中有底。2 找相關(guān)信息。通讀之后，從第一個(gè)空格開始依次完成。3 根據(jù)語感，快速試填充一遍。4 然后逐題推敲。5 根據(jù)上下文確定詞義。使所選詞的詞義符合上下文邏輯意思的需要；尤其關(guān)注實(shí)詞。6 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定詞形。使所選詞的形式符合所在句語法結(jié)構(gòu)上的要求；重點(diǎn)關(guān)注虛詞。7 著眼整體、注意關(guān)鍵詞。如：but, ho

14、wever, even so 說明后面的意思與前面的相反或?qū)φ?，所選的詞可能與前面某個(gè)詞互為反義詞。8 抓住關(guān)鍵句型，作直觀判斷。比如?？嫉木湫陀校憾ㄕZ從句中缺少引導(dǎo)詞；比較從句中漏了than；其它從句中的表示語法結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系詞例如sothat；hardlywhen 等是否遺漏。9 注意常用詞語搭配，關(guān)注詞語間的互為提示。10 然后通篇審核。具體到自學(xué)考試高級英語考題，我們可以借鑒上面的技巧，重點(diǎn)做到如下：1、 把所給的詞或短語按照詞性分類：動(dòng)詞、名詞、介詞、副詞、形容詞等；2、 對所給段落中的句子進(jìn)行分析，確定所空缺的地方需要什么詞性的詞；3、 然后再根據(jù)上下文意義、結(jié)構(gòu)，確定答案。我們以第三小

15、段選自高級英語上冊第十課第142頁為例: The chances had 13 to one in eight when the 14 clerk drew the second slip. He 15 his throat and 16 his pince-nez as though he had to make sure he was not 17 . “Ah, Monsieur Voisin,” he said with a 18 undecided smile, “May I join you?”通過分析得知：13、15、16處應(yīng)該填動(dòng)詞；14，17，18處則須用形容詞。這樣一來，每一

16、個(gè)填空處需要排除的選項(xiàng)就少多了。然后根據(jù)一些固定搭配可以進(jìn)一步區(qū)分選項(xiàng)。如： 13處是一個(gè)固定搭配 clear ones throat; 在14處，假如考生認(rèn)識這個(gè)詞 pince-nez p:nsnei 是 夾鼻眼鏡，就能很快想到動(dòng)詞短語 put on （戴上）。17處前面有一個(gè)短語 make sure（確信），人們通常是確信事情一切正常，沒有錯(cuò)誤, 所以該處選擇 mistaken 也就合情合理。當(dāng)然這一切分析是要建立在很好的英語基礎(chǔ)之上，更何況這樣的詞 pince-nez對于不熟悉課文的人來說是很難認(rèn)識，所以純粹依賴技巧、分析并非很可靠，況且很費(fèi)時(shí)。另外，一個(gè)很好的基礎(chǔ)從何而來？還得要心里裝

17、的東西多，而熟記一些文章是很好充實(shí)自己的辦法。其它幾個(gè)段落分別選自：第一小段選自高級英語下冊第九課第143頁 第二小段選自高級英語下冊第三課第39頁 第四小段選自高級英語上冊第四課第49頁答案：Key1. M 2. R 3. W 4. L5. A 6. D 7. H 8. P9. E 10. J 11. C 12. O13. T 14. Q 15. S 16. U17. G 18. I 19. X 20. B21. F 22. K 23. N 24. V2 用英語回答有關(guān)課程內(nèi)容的問題考核學(xué)生對課程內(nèi)容的和理解程度，以及一定的用英語筆頭表述的能力。提出的是有關(guān)課文大意、背景、故事內(nèi)容、人物等和

18、理解課文有關(guān)問題。1. How does the author, J.B. Priestley, think of the matter of sleep? When he is sleepless, what will he do? 選自高級英語上冊第十一課Answer: The author thinks that sleep is just like a coy mistress who is much given to a teasing inconsistency and forever demanding to be wooed. In other words, to him, s

19、leep always plays with him, and torments him but seldom lets him have it.He often lies in bed, passing hours in sleeplessness. The more he wants to fall asleep, the more sleepless he becomes. However, as soon as he intends to write an essay, he feels an overpowering desire for sleep. The author beli

20、eves that artificial ways of inducing sleep are countless, but none of them works for him. Therefore, when he cant fall asleep at night, he has a dialogue with an imaginary friend until he either laughs or falls asleep.2. How did American young people look at the adult world in general according to

21、the text “Four Choices for Young People”? What did they do about it?Answer: American young people viewed the adult world with great skepticism and even worse, with increasing rejection, according to the lesson “Four Choices for Young People.They saw this affluent society of America filled with pover

22、ty, injustice and hypocrisy. They became rebellious. They rejected the beliefs and values of society. While some young people fought against poverty, racial injustice at that time, others showed their discontent through passive ways. They were addicted to drugs and refused to take any social respons

23、ibilities.解析：作該題型的題目時(shí)，要記住首先要有一個(gè)基本的觀點(diǎn)“ARGUMENT”（當(dāng)然，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是從所學(xué)課文中，合理地、符合邏輯地得出來的，并非自己臆斷或杜撰出來的。 所以這一切也是建立在對課文熟練掌握基礎(chǔ)上的。），然后，提供一些左證”SUPPORTING IDEAS”。課文中的內(nèi)容要能做到會歸納，會用自己的話來轉(zhuǎn)述；另外，要寫完整的句子。少用“yes or no” 這樣的方式來回答問題；最后，通讀自己的答案，檢查文法，盡可能消除拼讀、語法錯(cuò)誤。3 填空考核學(xué)生對語法和詞匯的運(yùn)用能力。每句一個(gè)空格，要求學(xué)生從所提供的單詞或詞組中選擇正確的答案填入空中。單詞或詞組選自課文中要求算重點(diǎn)

24、練習(xí)的詞語。Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary:motivate in the long run regardless of be held to blamesquander to a great extent with honors take advantage ofsurvive be credited with fall victim to have trouble doing sth

25、.1. The chairman of the board of directors was forced to resign, _ the power struggle among the directors.2. Intelligent and hard-working, he passed _ in degree examinations.3. Some girls are so shy as to _ mixing socially with people.4. No one _ for the loss of the game; each had done her best.5. H

26、e enjoyed great popularity among the students, _speaking five foreign languages.6. The president decided to run for the second term, _ the state of his health.7. The small restaurant owner _ all his hard-earned money in gambling within a year.8. To increase productivity, we have to get the workers _

27、, but do you think material incentives will always work?答案：1. falling victim to 2. with honors 3. have trouble 4. was held to blame5. credited with 6. regardless of 7. squandered 8. motivated解析：這種題目的做法可以借鑒上面題型的處理辦法，1 首先研讀一下供選擇的詞做到心中有底，把詞大致分分類。2 然后仔細(xì)研讀每一個(gè)句子，了解句子內(nèi)容，做到心中有底。3 根據(jù)語感，快速試填充一遍。4 接下來逐句推敲。5 根據(jù)

28、上下文確定詞義。使所選詞的詞義符合上下文邏輯意思的需要；尤其關(guān)注實(shí)詞。6 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定詞形。使所選詞的形式符合所在句語法結(jié)構(gòu)上的要求；重點(diǎn)關(guān)注虛詞。7 著眼整體、注意關(guān)鍵詞。如：but, however, even so 說明后面的意思與前面的相反或?qū)φ眨x的詞可能與前面某個(gè)詞互為反義詞。8 抓住關(guān)鍵句型，作直觀判斷。比如?？嫉木湫陀校憾ㄕZ從句中缺少引導(dǎo)詞；比較從句中漏了than；其它從句中的表示語法結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系詞例如sothat；hardlywhen 等是否遺漏。9 注意常用詞語搭配，關(guān)注詞語間的互為提示。10 然后通篇審核。不同的是選擇對了詞之后，在填充時(shí)還要根據(jù)句子的意思確定詞形的變化

29、。這給考生增加了不少難度。例如：例句1中選擇對了“fall victim to ”，還要知道該句子中不缺謂語動(dòng)詞，必須將“ fall victim to”變成非謂語形式，即用分詞短語“falling victim to ”。例句4中，在選擇對了“be held to blame ” 之后，還要注意時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致原則，所以應(yīng)將“be held to blame ”變成“be held to blame ”。事實(shí)上在以往的試題中，按上面這種形式出題很少見，多采取下面的形式。這些題目的答案就不存在詞形轉(zhuǎn)換問題，相比來說，要容易一些。這里是一些從以往試卷里挑選的題目：There are 15 sent

30、ences with a blank in each, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (1 point each, 15 points)1.“Oh, no!” he said quickly, sm

31、iling at her out of that unfailing _of contrition a sort of chivalry. 2.At last, with the Vietnam War, Americans are beginning to realize that they are _ original sin as much as Europeans are.3.The value of snobbery in general, its humanistic “point”, consists in its power to _ activity. 4.It is not

32、 altogether easy to decide what is the _ of the love of excitement.5.The American dream promised older people that if they worked hard enough all their lives, things would _ well for them.6.I believe that over a period of decades newspapers have become a habit a function.7.Her time was_, but she con

33、tinued to sit by the window, leaning her head against the window curtain, inhaling the odour of dusty cretonne.8.They are always on trial, always on the _ of failure, collectively and individually.9. From the start of that campaign, I faced _ hostility because of my sex.10. A beautiful woman came al

34、ong and _ her bunch of violets, and a little boy ran after to hand them to her, and she took them and threw them away as if theyd been poisoned.11. Words mean more than what is set down on paper. It takes the human voice to _ them with the shades of deeper meaning.12. If it be true that our thoughts

35、 and mental images are perfectly _ things, like our books and pictures, to the inhabitants of the next world, then I am making for myself a better reputation there than I am in this place.13. Although I had to search, and did search, for the right words, I seemed to be making this descriptive effort

36、 almost against my will, under a kind of _ from outside.14. _ a man does not have to work so hard as to impair his vigor he is likely to find more zest in his free time than an idle man could possibly find.15. And so we are suddenly _ a sickening situation in this country.A. undisguised B. tangible

37、C. stimulate D. vergeE. infuse F. compulsion G. ridge H. dropped I. faced with J. screened K. escalated into L. provided M. vanguard N. root cause O. rather than P. subject toQ. turn up R. retrenching S. increased T. retainingU. turn out V. pretending W. reason X. impulse答案：1. X 2. P 3. C 4. N 5. U6

38、. O 7.D 8. V 9. A 10. H11. E 12. B 13. F 14. L 15. I4。選題考核學(xué)生對詞義的正確理解，學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文選擇正確答案勾出。Each of the following sentences is given two choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence. 1.The burn needs a (an) (A application, B treatment) of ointment three times a day, or it

39、will get infected.2.Porters laden with heavy bags were now (A walking, B Working) their way slowly across a rope bridge.3.The (A studied, B learned) casualness of the strangers manner put us on guard immediately.4.This pretty girl seems to have plenty of confidence, but appearances are sometimes (A

40、deceptive, B deceitful).5.To get (A permitted, B admitted) to the university, a student must have good results from the junior college.6.Some plants are very (A sensible, B sensitive) to light; they prefer the shade.7. As the living standard improves, the (A. span, B. length) of life is getting long

41、er and longer.8. The poor emperor was forced by the usurper to (A. abandon, B. abdicate).9. I find it difficult to operate this computer. Can you (A. demonstrate, B. exemplify) it for me?10. The formal declaration of the news went four (A. documents, B. drafts) before it was submitted to the confere

42、nce.11. I had a fantastic (A. stretch, B. stroke) of luck last weekend. I picked up a genuine Stradivarius violin for only $20.12. In the A-series football match, AC-Milan (A. beat, B. defended) all the other teams and became the champion as expected.13. Some people watch television so much that the

43、y cannot (A. conceive, B. imagine) of living without it.14. Filled with great (A. adulation, B. admiration) for their integrity and courage, he was determined to be a man like them.15. The professor looked over our papers with a hasty (A. sight, B. glance).16. He was born in a small town (A. lived,

44、B. inhabited) by about 1,500 people.17. Mary made one last (A. attraction, B. appeal) to her father for permission to go to the party.18. The old man thought their behavior was (A. contemptible, B. contemptuous), but he didnt say anything in front of the hostess.答案：1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. B7. A

45、8. B 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. A13. A 14. B 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. A解析（限于篇幅只分析13-18題）：這一部分主要檢查學(xué)員對同、近義詞的區(qū)分與應(yīng)用。13題區(qū)分A. conceive, B. imagine：都有“想象”的意思。imagine 表達(dá)“想象, 設(shè)想, 幻想”時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞, conceive 表達(dá)“想象；構(gòu)想；設(shè)想”（常與by連用）。故此題選擇A。14題區(qū)分A. adulation, B. admiration：兩詞都有“對別人表達(dá)好意”之義，但前者表示“諂媚, 奉承”之意，有貶義；后者則有“贊美；欽佩；贊賞”之意，故答案為

46、B。15題區(qū)分A. sight, B. glance：都有“看”的意思。glance更有“匆匆一看”的意思，結(jié)合該句填空處前面一詞 “hasty (匆忙的)”，我們可以斷定應(yīng)選擇B。16題區(qū)分A. lived, B. inhabited：都有“住”的意思。live作及物動(dòng)詞有“過著, 度過, 經(jīng)歷”之意，作不及物動(dòng)詞才有“活著, 生活, 居住”之意, inhabit有“居住; 棲息; 占據(jù)”，常作及物動(dòng)詞，且常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)選擇B。17題區(qū)分A. attraction, B. appeal：都有“吸引，招人喜歡”的意思。attraction是“吸引; 吸引力”的意思； , appe

47、al除了有“吸引力”之意，還有“請求, 呼吁, 要求”的意思。這句話中明顯要求是后一個(gè)意思，故答案應(yīng)選B。18題區(qū)分A. contemptible, B. contemptuous：都有“瞧不起的”之意。contemptible是“可鄙的， 下賤的， 不齒的， 可輕視的”之意；contemptuous為“輕蔑的， 目空一切的， 傲慢的”。前這表達(dá)被別人瞧不起，后者是瞧不起別人。故選擇A。5。英譯中考核學(xué)生對課文難句的理解及用漢語加以正確表達(dá)的能力。a) Some sociologists say that your answers to them could explain a lot abo

48、ut what you are thinking and about what your society is thinking in other words, where you and your society are. 選自高級英語上冊第一課譯文：有些社會學(xué)家認(rèn)為你對這些問題的回答可以充分說明你在想些什么，這個(gè)社會在想些什么 換句話說，有關(guān)你及社會的態(tài)度。b) When he was saying all those things against the government and against the council, he became more and more ugly an

49、d embittered and I used to be afraid for him. 選自高級英語上冊第六課譯文：他在發(fā)表那些反政府、反對美國印第安人事物委員會言論時(shí)，總會變得越來越氣憤、充滿怨恨。我曾為他擔(dān)憂。解析： 做這種題目時(shí)，還是要求考生對教材的內(nèi)容有很好的把握。翻譯什么最難詞、句、段落、篇章？。很多人會認(rèn)為，難度是按照“詞、句、段落、篇章”依次遞增的。其實(shí)不然。一個(gè)單詞的通常是多義的，單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)，常人是很難窮盡其所有意義；而當(dāng)該詞與更多的詞發(fā)生聯(lián)系，其受到的制約越來越多，其意義范圍越來越小，翻譯起來也越好把握。我們在翻譯這些句子時(shí)，往往脫離了篇章（除非你能記得起來課文內(nèi)容），所以

50、句子的許多代詞很難知道它們確切所指。而英文往往多使用代詞，以避免重復(fù)；中文則不同，要表達(dá)明了，有時(shí)不忌諱重復(fù)。上面例句 1中, “them” 指代什么？另外很多詞、短語在不同的上下文中，都有不同的意思：例句 1中，where you are 不是“你在哪兒”，而是“你是什么態(tài)度”。例句 2中, be afraid 不是“害怕”，而是“擔(dān)心；擔(dān)憂”。6。中譯英考核學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言的能力。i. 美國食品雖然包裝考究和富有營養(yǎng)，但味道卻一年比一年遜色。有些蔬菜味道就像圖書館里的漿糊。低溫冷藏過的肉變成了皮革。這就是所謂的科學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用到食品生產(chǎn)上的惡果。參見高級英語下冊第八課譯文：Although

51、 American food is handsomely packaged and nutritious, it tastes less good year by year. Some vegetables have the flavor of the library paste, Deep-frozen meats turn into leather. This is the consequence of the so-called science and economics applied in food production. ii. 美國人比看電視花時(shí)間更多的事只有工作和睡眠。參見高級

52、英語上冊第九課譯文：The only things Americans do more than watch television are work and sleep.iii. 現(xiàn)在對美貌的狂熱崇拜并不只是（從數(shù)學(xué)意義上看）財(cái)富的作用。參見高級英語上冊第十五課譯文：The modern cult of beauty is not exclusively a function (in the mathematical sense) of wealth.解析： 因?yàn)槎际潜容^難的句子，所以這些句子中要么涉及許多“術(shù)語”，要么句子結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜。例句 1中，“包裝考究”，“圖書館里的漿糊”要譯成“ha

53、ndsomely packaged” “the library paste”。不要把 “考究”譯成“ observe and study” 或“carefully ”， 不要把“漿糊”譯成“glue”.或 “starch”。例句 2中，譯文中需用到“do more than watch television”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。注意在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中“watch ”前不需要“to ”, 這是一個(gè)重要語法現(xiàn)象。例句 3中，“狂熱崇拜”，“從數(shù)學(xué)意義上看”要譯成“cult ”及“ in mathematical sense”，不要譯成“adoration ”，“in mathematical view ”。B 水平考試要求考生在閱讀試卷中與課程難易程度相當(dāng)?shù)摹?00800字的短文后（不可使用辭典，如有超出教材要求的認(rèn)知詞匯的詞語，考卷中附詞匯表），回答考卷中題型中的題。題型如下：1 選擇題考核學(xué)生對短文的綜合理解程度?？忌鶕?jù)短文內(nèi)容勾出正確答案。2 單項(xiàng)選擇考核學(xué)生對詞語在上下文中的確切含義的理解?？忌鶕?jù)該詞語在文中含義從所提供的解釋中勾出正確答案。3 英譯中考核學(xué)生對難句的理解。4 用英語回答有關(guān)短文內(nèi)容的問題