1、語法復(fù)習(xí)語法復(fù)習(xí)賓語從句/間接引語 3賓語從句賓語從句當(dāng)一個(gè)句子由直接引語變成間接引語（賓語從句）時(shí)，我們要考慮到五個(gè)方面：即_、_、_、_和_等因素。引導(dǎo)詞時(shí)態(tài)人稱變化語序時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語變化一、用一、用 that 引導(dǎo)：引導(dǎo)：1.He often says to me, “I like staying with you.”He often says to me_ _ _staying with_. thathe likesme2.Cathy said to her son, “I will come and pick you up tomorrow morning.” Cathy sai

2、d to her son _ _ _ _and pick _ up _ morning. thatshewouldgohimthe next解析1：當(dāng)直接引語部分是陳述句(肯定句/否定句) 時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that， 通?？梢允∪ァ５⒁庖韵聨追N情況that不能省去：1.that 賓語從句的狀語部分位于從句的前部時(shí)：I promised that when he came, I would tell him the truth.2.賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)：(非謂語動(dòng)詞指：_、_、_等。)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在 / 過去分詞Johnie told me that swimming was his

3、favouritehobby.3.當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是that/this，或賓語從句的主語 受到that/this修飾時(shí)：He said that that was a good idea.4.形式主語結(jié)構(gòu) “it is+adj.+to do” 接在that后面時(shí)：We all know that it is important to learn English well.解析2.時(shí)態(tài)變化時(shí)態(tài)變化 1) 當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)為“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”或“一般將來時(shí)”時(shí)，直接引語直接引語變間接引語間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)不變；1. He says, “I will try my best.”He says that he w

4、ill try his best.2. She will say, “I am the best.”She will say that she is the best.2) 但，當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)是“過去時(shí)”時(shí)，間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)要改為過去時(shí)的相應(yīng)形式。1.He said, “I go to school at 7:00.”He said that he went to school at 7:00.2. He said, “I am doing my homework.”He said that he was doing his homework.3. He said, “I will finish

5、the work on time.”He said that he would finish the work on time.4. He said, “I have finished my homework.”He said that he had finished his homework.請判斷下列主句的時(shí)態(tài)：請判斷下列主句的時(shí)態(tài)：1.Could you?/ Would you?2.It is said that/ it is reported that3.He has told me that以上句型做主句時(shí)，賓語從句可使用：以上句型做主句時(shí)，賓語從句可使用： 任何時(shí)態(tài)！3) 如果直接

6、引語所表達(dá)的是一種客觀真理客觀真理，那么即使主句是過去時(shí)，變間接引語時(shí)也不需要改為過去時(shí)的相應(yīng)形式。The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.賓語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)： 直接引語直接引語 間接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does一般過去時(shí)did現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/are/is doing 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing一般將來時(shí)will do過去將來時(shí)would do現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done過去完成時(shí)had done一般過

7、去時(shí)did過去完成時(shí)had done一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does客觀真理客觀真理一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does客觀真理客觀真理解析3. 人稱變化人稱變化口訣： 一隨主、二隨賓、三不變1.Smith said to me, “I want to sell my house.”Smith said to me that he wanted to sell his house.2.He said to me, “You must try your best.”He said to me that I must try my best.3.He said to me, “She will try her bes

8、t.”He said to me that she would try her best.一隨主二隨賓三不變 解析解析4 時(shí)時(shí)間狀語的變化間狀語的變化 now then last month the month before today that day tomorrow the next day tonight that night next month the next month this week that week 解析解析4 時(shí)時(shí)間狀語的變化間狀語的變化yesterday the day before the day after tomorrow in two days three

9、 days agothree days before 地點(diǎn)狀語的變化地點(diǎn)狀語的變化 here there 謂語動(dòng)詞的變化謂語動(dòng)詞的變化 come go2.用用 if/whether 作引導(dǎo)詞：作引導(dǎo)詞： （if/whether 是否）是否） Mum said to Simon, “Have you finished your homework?”Mum _ Simon _ _ _his homework. askedif / whether he had finishedHe asked me, “Do you collect stamps or not?”He asked me _ _ _

10、stamps or not.whetherIcollected解析：當(dāng)直接引語部分是一般疑問句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞要使用 if / whether, 且不能省略。通常情況下，if和whether 可互換，但以下情況只能使用whether：1.如果賓語從句表示選擇，即句子帶有or not時(shí),只能用whether；I wondered _ he would come or not.whether2.如果引導(dǎo)詞前面有介詞，也只能用whether；Everything depends on _ you have enough money.whether3.用“特殊疑問詞”作引導(dǎo)詞：I asked him, “W

11、hen and where did you take thephotos?I asked him when and where _ _ _ thephotos.hehad taken 解析：當(dāng)賓語從句是一個(gè)特殊疑問句時(shí)，直接用特殊疑問詞作引導(dǎo)詞，由于特殊疑問句是由：“特殊疑問詞 一般疑問句”構(gòu)成，因此直變間時(shí),“一般疑問句”部分同樣要轉(zhuǎn)化為“陳述句”。4. 用用“動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式”作引導(dǎo)詞：作引導(dǎo)詞：1.The teacher said to us, “Please turn off the lightswhen you leave the classroom.”2.The policem

12、an said to the boys, “Dont play football in the street.”The teacher _ us _ turn off the lightswhen _ leave the classroom.The policeman _ the boys_ play football in the street.asked/toldtoweasked/toldnot to直接引語變間接引語的幾個(gè)難點(diǎn)：三、賓語從句的化簡：1.He said to him that he must come to school on time. He _ him _ _ to

13、school on time.2.I dont know if I should tell him the truth. I dont know _ _ tell him the truth.3.Can you tell me where I can find him? Can you tell me _ _ _ him?toldtocomewhethertotofindwhere直接引語變間接引語的幾個(gè)難點(diǎn)：4.He told me that I should come to school on time.He told me _ _ to school on time.5.The policeman said to the boys that they shouldnt play football on the roa