1、歷年真題長(zhǎng)難句摘選精析1Our linguistic（語(yǔ)言上的） and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.【分析】這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的簡(jiǎn)單句； 句子的主干是 Our blindness and casualness are losing us

2、. with which 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾 casualness. take notice of 意思是“注意到” ?！咀g文】我們對(duì)語(yǔ)言、文化的無(wú)知，以及那種對(duì)其他國(guó)家形成的品味、手勢(shì)、風(fēng)俗和語(yǔ)言的漫不經(jīng)心的態(tài)度，正使我們?cè)谑澜缟鲜ヅ笥?，錯(cuò)過(guò)商機(jī)，喪失威信。2 A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies lawn( 草坪 ) care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized all those messy chunks ( 塊)of dirt lying around.eli

3、minates( 消除 ) all need to call for a holes to give any lawn oxygen without【分析】這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的簡(jiǎn)單句；句子的主干是A simple trip eliminates all need and providesholes. messy chunks of dirt ：亂七八糟的臟東西?！咀g文】 只要穿這種嬌小的鞋在院子里走一走，就完全沒(méi)必要請(qǐng)修剪草坪的專(zhuān)家了，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)形成大小合適的洞為草坪提供氧氣，周?chē)€不會(huì)留下那些亂七八糟的臟東西。3 But my own worry today is less that of the

4、overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time andconcentration, that surround the image of the cl

5、assic act of reading.【分析】這是一個(gè)帶有比較級(jí)的句子，主干是：But my own worry today is less that than.【譯文】但我今天所擔(dān)心的不是廣泛泛濫的文盲問(wèn)題，而是更加奢侈一點(diǎn)的問(wèn)題，即：對(duì)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)讀者讀寫(xiě)技能下降了的擔(dān)憂(yōu)，他們不愿把安靜的地方、 難得的家庭生活的機(jī)會(huì)、 時(shí)間和注意力用來(lái)讀書(shū)，而典型的讀書(shū)活動(dòng)正需要這些。4 This violation of concentration, silence, solitude（獨(dú)處的狀態(tài)） goes to the very heart of ournotion of literacy; thi

6、s new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves,which is to learn it by heart

7、.【分析】這是一個(gè)并列句。第一個(gè)分句的主干是：this violation goes to the heart of literacy. ，第二個(gè)分句的主干是this new form renders,let alone ?！咀g文】這種對(duì)精神集中、安靜、獨(dú)處狀態(tài)的妨礙同閱讀概念直接沖突；在娛樂(lè)背景下半讀書(shū)半分散精力的讀書(shū)新方式不可能專(zhuān)心致志地理解，更不要說(shuō)任何一個(gè)人對(duì)真正喜愛(ài)的一首詩(shī)或一篇散文所能表示的最大贊賞是將其背誦下來(lái)了。5And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a

8、rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet's reddish surface.【分析】句子的主干是 it is clear that imperatives wi

9、ll have to compel human beings to leave tracks on the planet s reddish surface.；兩個(gè) with 分別引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)伴隨狀語(yǔ)?！咀g文】 由于短期經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)有疑問(wèn)、 冷戰(zhàn)在人們記憶中迅速消失， 以及越來(lái)越強(qiáng)調(diào)在大規(guī)?？臻g探險(xiǎn)中的國(guó)際合作； 很清楚， 不是經(jīng)濟(jì)利益或國(guó)家利益， 而是必須履行的使命將迫使人類(lèi)在那個(gè)紅色行星的表面留下足跡。6The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has bee

10、n highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water andby the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite（隕石） from Mars.【分析】句子的主干是This issue has been highlighted. 由兩地 whether 引導(dǎo)的從句做of 的賓語(yǔ)；兩個(gè)that 所引導(dǎo)的從句分別做eviden

11、ce 和 suggestions 的同位語(yǔ)?！咀g文】 由于越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明這個(gè)紅色行星上曾經(jīng)有穩(wěn)定而豐富的液態(tài)水，又因人們對(duì)落到地球上的火星細(xì)菌化石隕石的說(shuō)法一直有爭(zhēng)論，所以火星上是否存在過(guò)生命、是否延續(xù)至今的問(wèn)題一直引人注目。7What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not th4e experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.【分析】 that 和 what 分別引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句；he believes 是插入語(yǔ)

12、，應(yīng)該前置?！咀g文】他認(rèn)為，他所證明的是缺乏控制事件的能力會(huì)削弱免疫系統(tǒng)，而非經(jīng)歷本身。8 Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats.【分析】 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中又包含一個(gè)who 引

13、導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾animals。 typical ofsb.意思是“以 為特征的”。這句話(huà)中這個(gè)詞組之前省略了，which is ，是兩個(gè)現(xiàn)象的定語(yǔ)從句?！咀g文】 杜克大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的心理學(xué)家瓊·偉斯已經(jīng)證明： 被允許控制不快刺激的動(dòng)物不會(huì)出現(xiàn)睡眠障礙，大腦化學(xué)成分也不發(fā)生變化，這些正是老鼠緊張的典型表現(xiàn)。9 The reasons why they don't, and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change

14、 and government regulation in response to popular pressure.【分析】句子的主干是 The reasons have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation. 兩個(gè) why 均引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾 reasons. in response to popular pressure 做 regulation 的后置定語(yǔ)?！咀g文】為什么它們沒(méi)發(fā)生，為什么環(huán)境被毀滅，這同價(jià)格、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、社會(huì)變革和政府因公眾壓力所制定的規(guī)章

15、有關(guān)。10 What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute.【分析】這是簡(jiǎn)單的復(fù)雜句，句子的主干是What has happened is that 。主語(yǔ)是what 引導(dǎo)

16、的主語(yǔ)從句， 謂語(yǔ)是 that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句； 該從句中 every time 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句， 為第三層從句?！咀g文】所發(fā)生的事情是這樣的：每當(dāng)一種原料看來(lái)將要短缺，價(jià)格就上升，相應(yīng)地人們就尋找新的供應(yīng)來(lái)源，盡量找到少用這種材料的方法，或者尋找替代品。11 Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations,

17、 loosened their responsibilities to kin( 親戚 ) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances.【分析】句子的主干是句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三個(gè)：it seemed "obvious" that， that 之后引導(dǎo)一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)從句；該從changed, loosened, substituted.【譯文】幾十年前，在普通大眾和社會(huì)學(xué)家看來(lái)這是一個(gè)“明顯的”事實(shí)：現(xiàn)代社會(huì)改變了人們的自然關(guān)系

18、，淡化了他們對(duì)親戚和鄰居的責(zé)任感，取而代之的是點(diǎn)頭之交的膚淺關(guān)系。12 Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms ofstress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities.【分析】這是一個(gè)含有比較級(jí)的倒裝句；a feeling of not belonging 是插入語(yǔ)，進(jìn)一步解釋alienation的含義?！咀g文】同小城市居民相比，大城

19、市居民也沒(méi)有更可能表現(xiàn)壓力或疏遠(yuǎn)理癥狀。（即無(wú)歸屬感） 的心13 As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changedin the past and how those changes have transformed human existence.【分析】句子的主干

20、是earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution。As 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，兩個(gè)how 分別引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，做understanding 的賓語(yǔ)?！咀g文】 本周，當(dāng)環(huán)境保護(hù)專(zhuān)家聚集在里約熱內(nèi)盧考慮今后的全球氣候時(shí)，地球科學(xué)家們?cè)诶斫膺^(guò)去氣候的變化以及這些變化怎樣改變了人類(lèi)的生存方面正處在根本轉(zhuǎn)變的過(guò)程中。14 Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces th

21、at have combined to change the planet s environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.【分析】句子的主干是Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture。 That引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定于從句修飾forces?！咀g文】 地球環(huán)境從熱變冷，從潮濕變干燥。 然后又周而復(fù)始， 這一過(guò)程可追溯至幾億年

22、前，強(qiáng)大的地質(zhì)和天文力量結(jié)合在一起使地球環(huán)境發(fā)生了這些變化， 研究人員開(kāi)始將這些組合成了一幅清晰的圖畫(huà)。15 New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly everysignificant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of primates ( 靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物 ) some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, fro

23、m the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture.【分析】復(fù)雜的簡(jiǎn)單句，句子的主干是New research now suggests that ， that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，冒號(hào)后面的成分是對(duì)a key role 的說(shuō)明?！咀g文】目前，新的研究表明，氣候變化在人類(lèi)進(jìn)化的每一個(gè)重大轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)都起了重要作用：從大約 6500 年前靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物的出現(xiàn)到人類(lèi)祖先直立起來(lái)用雙腿走路，從人類(lèi)大腦的迅速膨脹發(fā)育到農(nóng)業(yè)的興起。16 In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behav

24、ior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and important to the people in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups.【分析】句子的主干是the goal is to describe behavior 。 Regard 是名詞，而不是動(dòng)詞?！咀g文】 本位方法的目標(biāo)是用對(duì)一種文化或民族中的人有意義的、 重要的術(shù)語(yǔ)去描繪該文化或民族的行為，不考慮其他文化或民族。17

25、The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (貪婪 ) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.【分析】復(fù)雜的簡(jiǎn)單句，句子的主干是 The MBA has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed. such as 做 discipline 的同位語(yǔ)， ruled 以過(guò)去分詞的形式做 ca

26、mpuses的后置定語(yǔ)， on thetree-lined campuses 做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)?！咀g文】 MBA 是 20 世紀(jì)的產(chǎn)物， 在純學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)科如哲學(xué)和文化占主導(dǎo)地位的綠樹(shù)成蔭的大學(xué)校園里，它往往是低俗的商業(yè)銅臭和貪婪的標(biāo)志。18 This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to runcompanies some d

27、ay.【分析】句子的主干是This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960， atestimony 相當(dāng)于whichis a testimony 。that后面引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句修飾assumption，其中又包含一個(gè)以who 引導(dǎo)的定于從句?！咀g文】這幾乎是1960 年商科畢業(yè)生的16 倍，從而證實(shí)了人們的普遍假設(shè)，即些想在將來(lái)某一天開(kāi)公司的青年男女來(lái)說(shuō)非常關(guān)鍵。MBA對(duì)那19 The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam W

28、alton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.【分析】句子的主干是 The success has helped inspire self-conscious debates. whether 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句和 the worth 一同做 over 的賓語(yǔ)?！咀g文】比爾·

29、蓋茨和其他非MBA ，如已故Wal-Mart連鎖店的Sam Walton 的成功，在商校校園里引起了有關(guān)工商學(xué)位的價(jià)值和管理技能是否可以通過(guò)教育獲得等問(wèn)題的自發(fā)討論。20 Motivated in part by Christian compassion (憐憫 ) for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world's first w

30、orkers' compensation law in 1884.【分析】復(fù)雜的簡(jiǎn)單句， motivated 相當(dāng)于 As he was motivated ，在句中做原因狀語(yǔ)。句子的主干是 Chancellor Bismarck created the world's first workers' compensation law in1884.【譯文】 部分是出于一個(gè)基督徒對(duì)無(wú)助人的憐憫，同時(shí)也出于削弱社會(huì)黨工人運(yùn)動(dòng)的支持這一實(shí)際政治動(dòng)機(jī)，俾斯麥?zhǔn)紫嘣?884 年創(chuàng)立了世界上第一部工人賠償法。21 Thus many in the industriallands h

31、ave a sense that their worldof plenty is somehowhollow-that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.【分析】 這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜， 句子的主干是 many have a sense. 第一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo) sense 的同位語(yǔ)；第二個(gè) th

32、at 引導(dǎo) hollow 的同位語(yǔ)； misled by a consumerist culture 是原因狀語(yǔ)；what 引導(dǎo) satisfy 的賓語(yǔ)從句?！咀g文】 于是，工業(yè)國(guó)家的許多人感覺(jué)到他們富足的世界不知何故變空了由于受到消費(fèi)中心主義文化的誤導(dǎo)， 他們?cè)噲D滿(mǎn)足社會(huì)的、 心理的和精神上的對(duì)物質(zhì)的本質(zhì)需求， 但毫無(wú)成果。22 A new study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer, using an automated investigative program of his own called SA TAN, shows that the own

33、ers of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors.【分析】 句子的主干是 A new study shows that ， using 作方式伴隨狀語(yǔ)， that 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，該從句的主干是 the owners have set up home【譯文】天才的程序員，丹·法穆用他自稱(chēng)為“撒旦”的自動(dòng)調(diào)查程序所做的一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)一多半的主人建立了不上鎖的家。23 Of Ezekiel Cheever, the mo

34、st famous schoolmaster of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, his onetime student Cotton Mather wrote that he so planned his lessons that his pupils "came to work as though they came to play," and Alfred North Whitehead, almost three hundred years later, noted that a teacher should make his/her

35、students" glad they were there."【分析】這是一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句， 第一個(gè)分句的主語(yǔ)是 his onetime student Cotton Mather ；第二個(gè)分句的主語(yǔ)是 Alfred North Whitehead ；兩個(gè)分句各代一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句?！咀g文】曾經(jīng)是Ezekiel Cheever, 這個(gè)馬塞諸州海灣殖民地最著名的校長(zhǎng)的學(xué)生，CottonMather 寫(xiě)到，他備的課程能讓學(xué)生們感覺(jué) “上學(xué)就像玩一樣” ，過(guò)了大約三百年， Alfred North Whitehead 注意到一個(gè)教師必須使他 /她的學(xué)生“高興上學(xué)” 。24 A new

36、high-performance contact lens under development at the department for applied physics at the University of Heidelberg will not only correct ordinary vision defects but willenhance normal night vision as much as five times, making people's vision sharper than that of cats.【分析】這是一句比較長(zhǎng)的簡(jiǎn)單句。句子的主干是co

37、ntact lens will not only correct ordinaryvision defects but will enhance normal night vision. under development 作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)， 而 making people's vision sharper than that of cats 作目的狀語(yǔ)?！咀g文】在H 大學(xué)的應(yīng)用物理系研制的一種新型的高性能的隱性眼鏡將不僅可以嬌正普通的視力缺陷，還能把正常的夜間的視力提高5 倍，使得人們的視力比貓還敏銳。25 Bille's lenses are expected to reach

38、 the market in the year 2000, and one tentative plan is touse theInternet to transmit informationon patients' visual defects from the optician to themanufacturer, whowill then produce and mail the contact lenses within a couple of days.【分析】這是一個(gè)并列符合句，前一個(gè)分句的主干是Bille's lenses are expected to re

39、ach themarket；后一個(gè)分句的主干是one tentative plan is ；who引導(dǎo)一個(gè)菲限定性定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)修飾manufacturer ?！咀g文】比爾的眼睛希望在 2000 年上市，初步計(jì)劃是利用因特網(wǎng)把患者的視力缺陷信息從眼鏡商傳到制造商，然后，制造商在兩三天內(nèi)制作好并將其寄出。三，歷年六級(jí)真題繁難長(zhǎng)句擇選譯文1 In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned（使形成條件反射） mice to avoid saccharin（糖精）

40、by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. 參考譯文 1975 年，羅切斯特大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的心理學(xué)家Robert Ader 在使老鼠對(duì)排斥糖精形成條件反射的試驗(yàn)中，喂食老鼠糖精的同時(shí)給它們注射了一種藥劑，這種藥在破壞老鼠的免疫系統(tǒng)的同時(shí)還會(huì)引起腹痛。2 The Times newspaper agrees, complaining that quality h

41、as suffered as student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervision giving way to “ mass production methods more typical of European universities. ” 參考譯文 泰晤士報(bào)對(duì)此有同感，它報(bào)怨說(shuō)，由于學(xué)生人數(shù)激增，教學(xué)質(zhì)量受影響，因?yàn)閭€(gè)別指導(dǎo)不得不讓位于“歐洲大陸國(guó)家高校里慣有的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)方式”。3 By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay art

42、icles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch 730,000 years ago. 參考譯文 通過(guò)研究巖石，陶器等一系列材料中含有的礦物顆粒，先前的研究人員已能夠確認(rèn)早在 1.7 億年發(fā)生的磁場(chǎng)兩極轉(zhuǎn)化現(xiàn)象，以及發(fā)生在 73 萬(wàn)年以前的最新一次兩極轉(zhuǎn)化現(xiàn)象。4 Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap fo

43、od for our own population, the factory farming industry also argues that “hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry industry. ” 參考譯文 工廠養(yǎng)殖業(yè)已不滿(mǎn)足于我國(guó)人口提供廉價(jià)食物的可疑說(shuō)法，進(jìn)一步提出了“讓貧困國(guó)家從家禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展中受益”的論調(diào)。5 Bottom retail prices anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia have a

44、ttracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994. 參考譯文 比歐洲和亞洲低 30%70% 的零售價(jià)價(jià)格吸引了約四千七百萬(wàn)的游客于1994 年涌入美國(guó)，而這些游客為美國(guó)留下了79 億美元的收入。6 It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive （欺騙性的） packaging rumpus（喧囂）started because Senator Hart discovered th

45、at the boxes of cereals consumed by him,Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10 1/2 ounces, without any reduction in price. 參考譯文 參議員哈特一家在購(gòu)買(mǎi)合裝麥片時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，包裝盒變高了，變窄了，食品的分量也減少了， 然而價(jià)格卻分文未降。 據(jù)說(shuō)，由此在公眾和議會(huì)中引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于欺騙性商品包裝的軒然大波。7 The producers of p

46、ackaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials, shape, art work, and net weightsthat are used for improving a product s mark

47、et position. 參考譯文 生產(chǎn)包裝產(chǎn)品的商家極力反對(duì)在改變了包裝上原有分量的商品，但他們卻絲毫不反對(duì)為了擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì)， 用于不斷改變包裝的大小、用料、 形狀、 制作工藝以及商品的凈重的大筆花費(fèi)。8 The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject.全句的字面意思是：傳記作家不得不在與傳主所處的搖擺不定位置之間跳來(lái)跳去。隱含之義為：傳記作家必須與傳主保持適當(dāng)距離，并要時(shí)常調(diào)整與傳主間的距離。9 Unlike other lawbreakers, who must

48、leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. 參考譯文 其他的違法者或者逃亡國(guó)外，或者自殺，或者進(jìn)監(jiān)獄，計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪分子卻不同，他們可以逃避懲罰，并且要挾不要指控他們，甚至還要求為他們出具有利的推薦信或者為他們提供其他好

49、處，他們的要求往往能夠得到滿(mǎn)足。10 Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won t secure you the big promotion. 參考譯文 科爾曼得出的結(jié)論如下：如今出色的工作表現(xiàn)十分普遍，雖說(shuō)工作出色你可以加薪，但你未必能夠高升。11 The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous

50、scrutiny for cultural bias than the Longman dictionary because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world. 參考譯文 因此，牛津詞典比朗讀曼詞典更經(jīng)得起文化偏見(jiàn)的嚴(yán)格審視，因?yàn)楹笳呖偸钦f(shuō)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的視角來(lái)評(píng)判其他國(guó)家的文化現(xiàn)象。12 And this separation the detective feels between

51、himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness as he sees it-of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. 參考譯文 由于警察認(rèn)為人們（市民，社會(huì)工作者，醫(yī)生，立法人員以及法官）頭腦簡(jiǎn)單

52、比如，法官不是重罰以消除犯罪而是量刑從輕以期促使罪犯改過(guò)自新因此， 他們與社會(huì)之間的隔閡更深一層。13 The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but,custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. 參考譯文 對(duì)于人腦的內(nèi)部活動(dòng)，我們認(rèn)為特別值得研究。但對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，我們卻覺(jué)得那不過(guò)是最最平常的行為而已。14 John Dewey has said in all seri

53、ousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of h

54、is family. 參考譯文 約翰·杜威曾經(jīng)十分認(rèn)真地說(shuō)過(guò)，風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣對(duì)個(gè)人的行為的影響與個(gè)人對(duì)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣的影響之比，正如一個(gè)人母語(yǔ)的詞匯總量與他兒時(shí)從家庭用語(yǔ)中學(xué)會(huì)的兒童用語(yǔ)之比。15 Through the study of instruments, as well as painting, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spr

55、ead of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra. 參考譯文 通過(guò)對(duì)圖片、文字記載以及樂(lè)器等的研究，我們可以了解一千多年以前近東音樂(lè)傳入中國(guó)的情況， 也可以勒出近東音樂(lè)的影響波及歐洲并導(dǎo)致交響樂(lè)的大部分樂(lè)器發(fā)展和演變的大致輪廓。16 Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent d

56、efect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. 參考譯文 由于在其進(jìn)化期間，人類(lèi)的生活節(jié)奏較為緩慢，人腦形成了固有的缺陷，不能同時(shí)接收來(lái)自多個(gè)渠道的信息并迅速進(jìn)行處理。17 No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip, would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. 參考譯文 如果 20 年前的人們預(yù)想現(xiàn)在的情況，恐怕誰(shuí)也無(wú)法預(yù)見(jiàn)到僅集成電路塊一項(xiàng)發(fā)明，一旦將其運(yùn)用于個(gè)人電腦、數(shù)字通信和工廠機(jī)器人身上，會(huì)給世界帶來(lái)怎樣的變化。18 Interestingly, though, the r