1、Everything exceptthe weather英國屬海洋性氣候，具有冬暖夏涼的特點(diǎn)英國屬海洋性氣候，具有冬暖夏涼的特點(diǎn),冬夏冬夏沒有很大差別，這主要是因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)島嶼國沒有很大差別，這主要是因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)島嶼國家。家。(冬天冬天,海洋比陸地溫度高，海風(fēng)將熱量帶到海洋比陸地溫度高，海風(fēng)將熱量帶到陸地，導(dǎo)致陸地溫度升高，夏天則相反）陸地，導(dǎo)致陸地溫度升高，夏天則相反）.西風(fēng)西風(fēng)常常吹過英國大陸，致使常年有雨常常吹過英國大陸，致使常年有雨. What is the weather like in England? In spring: Mild, dry and sunny. Rainy,

2、cloudy and warm. In summer: Dry, cloudy and cool. Rain and showers. In autumn: Dry, sunny. Fog early and late. In winter: Strong winds, heavy rain. Snow, cold. The best seasons are spring and summer. The nearer the summer, the warmer the sun shines. Its warmer. The nearer the winter, the colder the

3、days are. In winter they have all kinds of weather. Sometimes it rains and sometimes it snows heavily, and they also have fog and frost. The two worst months in England are January and February. They have many cold wet days one after another.As is know to all ,a typical English gentleman usually tak

4、es an umbrella with him.Similarly,when people there meet others,they usually begin with the weather .Let us have a testHere are some proverbs,guess the right meaning.Its rianing cats and dogs.下得傾盆大雨A misty morning may have a fine day.早晨有霧露，可能是晴天。A good winter brings a good summer瑞雪兆豐年 Why did Harris

5、on sell his house so quickly?1. except prep. 除了，除了除了，除了外外 Except a broken chair, the room has no furniture. 除了一把破椅子，這間房子里什么也沒有。（chair與furniture性質(zhì)相同） except for 除之外 Except for a broken chair, the room is empty. 除了一把破椅子外，這間房子是空的。(except for 沒有“所指項(xiàng)目類別”的限制) except that I know nothing about his career ex

6、cept that he is a graduate of Oxford University. except 表示“除外，(其余都)”指同一類事物的總體中除去一部分。 but prep. 除之外 ( 與no, nobody, all, anywhere等連用） Nobody knew her name but me. 除了我之外，沒人知道她的名字。 They were all there on time but the chairman. 除了主席外，其余人都按時(shí)到了。 but 強(qiáng)調(diào)未被排除的其他事物（人） except 強(qiáng)調(diào)所排除之人（事物） 2. complain vt. 抱怨，控訴（常

7、與抱怨，控訴（常與that從句連用從句連用） 1)（常做貶義）抱怨，投訴，發(fā)牢騷 complain to sb about/at sth 對某人抱怨某事 抱怨這個(gè)惡劣的天氣 complain about the terrible weather 你總是抱怨命運(yùn)！ You are always complaining about your fate! complain of.訴說（病，痛等） complain of a toothache 牙疼 2)（正式地）投訴 灑吧問噪音人人，我們向警方投訴。 We complained to the police about the noise from

8、the e bar.3. continually adv. 頻繁地，屢次地，反復(fù)地頻繁地，屢次地，反復(fù)地 我一再地遺遺失東西。 I am continually losing things 他一再地遲到。 He was continually late for work continuously 連續(xù)不斷地，不間斷地 他們整整嘮叨一小時(shí)了。 They chattered continuously for an hour. continual指“一段時(shí)間內(nèi)多次發(fā)生，時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)，中斷時(shí)間很短而又接連發(fā)生” 你需要持續(xù)的鍛煉。 You need continual practice continuou

9、s指“中間沒有間斷，但持續(xù)某段時(shí)間后可能會(huì)停下來” 這架飛機(jī)能持續(xù)飛行兩大。 The plane is capable of two day continuous night.4. bitterly adv. 嚴(yán)寒地，刺骨地，痛苦地嚴(yán)寒地，刺骨地，痛苦地他極度的失望。 He was bitterly disappointed刺骨的寒冷 be bitterly cold bitter adj. 1)苦味的 a bitter taste 一種苦的味道2)痛苦的，令人悲傷的 a bitter experience 痛苦的經(jīng)歷3)嚴(yán)寒的 a bitter winter 寒冷的冬天bitterness

10、n苦味，酸辛，苦難誰和我同甘共苦呢？ Who goes through the happiness and bitterness with me?1. My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. 在14課的語法中，介紹了和“過去完成時(shí)”連用的一些介詞，比如：after，as soon as，notuntil，而這課的語法重點(diǎn)也是“過去完成時(shí)”。在這個(gè)句子中，使用了before來和“過去完成時(shí)”連用，表達(dá)“過去的過去”概念。 “he re

11、turned to England”已經(jīng)是“過去”了，那么before這個(gè)“過去”的話，就是“過去的過去”了。2. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country.dream of 表示“夢想、幻想、向往”。他一直夢想著成為一名詩人。He has always dreamed of becoming a poem. settle down 表示“定居”、“安頓”。 【country & countryside】 a) country用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表示“國

12、家”；country用作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表示“城鎮(zhèn)四周的土地”，即“鄉(xiāng)間、鄉(xiāng)下”，經(jīng)常用于in the country的短語中： China is a large country. He had planned to settle down in the country .b) 在表示“鄉(xiāng)村，鄉(xiāng)下”的意思時(shí)，countryside與country相同，但countryside強(qiáng)調(diào)景色；另外，如果沒有明確的上下文，選用 countryside更穩(wěn)妥： The countryside around Vienna is very beautiful. I sat in the front of the

13、 bus to get a good view 3. He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there. no sooner.than. 一就 as soon as 一就 hardlywhen 幾乎未來得及就 主 + had no sooner done + than + 一般過去時(shí)的句子 主 + had hardly done + when + 一般過去時(shí)的句子 我剛一到家就下雨了。 他一見到她就愛上她了。 他一到北京就病倒了。 我剛一回來他又讓我去出差。 我們剛一開始就被告訴停下來。4. Almo

14、st immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. complain about & complain of： complain about 多用于對你不滿意的事情“抱怨” complain of 多用于“由于生病或是身體某一部分不適、疼痛”的抱怨。 for在這里為連詞，意思是“因?yàn)椤?。它與because不同，不能用于句首。 even though引

15、導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，表示“即使”、“雖然”。也可以寫為“though”，不過even though語氣要強(qiáng)多了。 continually表示“反復(fù)的”、“常常的”，中間有短暫的間歇，常用來修飾不好的或令人討厭的事情：6.He acted as if he had never lived in England before. as if “像一樣”。常用來引導(dǎo)表示方式的狀語從句。 as if也可以用as though代替，意思是一樣的。 在用法上，as if/as though后面句子的時(shí)態(tài)有兩種，一種是陳述式。一種是虛擬式（一般是在陳述式基礎(chǔ)上將助動(dòng)詞變成過去式形式。） as if/as th

16、ough后面的句子如果是陳述式的話，表示從某種跡象看，所表達(dá)的事情是真實(shí)的，或是可能發(fā)生的。比如： It looks as if its going to rain.看上去天好象要下雨。 as if/as though后面的句子如果是虛擬式的話，所表達(dá)的事情是不真實(shí)的或與已知事實(shí)相反的。比如： She acted as if she were mad.（她并沒有真正的瘋） 比較這么兩個(gè)句子： He walks as if he is drunk.（表示從他的走路姿勢來判斷，他是醉了。） He walks as if he were drunk.（表示他根本沒有喝酒，這里只是一個(gè)假設(shè)） 所以，課

17、文中“as if he had never lived in England before”用的就是虛擬式，所以使用了“have never lived”的過去式“had never lived”。表示Harrison其實(shí)以前是住在英國的。 它們可以引導(dǎo)倒裝，把助動(dòng)詞提到主語前： Hardly had I started my supper when I heard a knock on the door. No sooner Had I started my supper than I heard a knock on the door. as soon as 可與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，而hard

18、lywhen 與 no soonerthan則通常與過去完成連用，幾乎不與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用： As soon as he had returned, he bought a house. As soon as he returns, hell buy a house. past perfect tense過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí):表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。或存在的狀態(tài)。 即：過去的過去發(fā)生到過去結(jié)束。即：過去的過去發(fā)生到過去結(jié)束。構(gòu)成方式構(gòu)成方式:肯定句肯定句: had+過去分詞過去分詞 否定句否定句:一般疑問句一般疑問句:肯定回答肯定回答:

19、Yes, 主語主語+ had. 否定回答否定回答: No, 主語主語+ hadnt.had not+ 過去分詞過去分詞had+ 主語主語+ 過去分詞過去分詞過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間狀語從句中的運(yùn)用過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間狀語從句中的運(yùn)用： 時(shí)間狀語從句 主句1）after/ as soon as+過去完成時(shí) 一般過去時(shí) After the class had begun, the little boy arrived at the classroom. 開始上課以后，這個(gè)男孩才到教室。2) before/ until + 一般過去時(shí) 過去完成時(shí) He had called me before he came

20、to see me. 他來看我之前給我打過電話。3) no sooner/ hardly +過去完成時(shí) than/ when +一般過去時(shí) I had no sooner gone out than it began to rain. 我剛走到外面就開始下雨了。 一、表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。一、表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。1. By yesterday evening she had finished reading the book.到昨天晚上， 她已讀完了那本書。 2. By the end of last year, they had built many new

21、 houses.去年年底之前， 他們已建了很多新房子。二、表示在過去某一動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作二、表示在過去某一動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作。1. He said that he had seen you.他說他以前見過你。When I came in he had finished his homework.2. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)來時(shí)， 他已完成了作業(yè)。 過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別時(shí)間狀語不同過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語不同過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去過去的過去”，而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. ( (說明不到點(diǎn)就在車站了）說明不到點(diǎn)就在車站了）They arriv