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1、 在表示在表示“某人家某人家”、“店店”的名詞所有格后面,一般省略的名詞所有格后面,一般省略它所修飾的名詞。它所修飾的名詞。 例如:例如: at the doctors 在診所在診所 to my uncles 到我叔叔家到我叔叔家 at the barbers 在理發(fā)店在理發(fā)店 at Mr. Greens 在格林先生家在格林先生家 at the tailors 在裁縫店在裁縫店 起修飾作用的名詞如不表示所有關(guān)系,通常不用起修飾作用的名詞如不表示所有關(guān)系,通常不用“s”。 例如:例如: room number coffee cups, 若僅表示一種類別或類型,名詞往往用單數(shù)形式。若僅表示一種類別

2、或類型,名詞往往用單數(shù)形式。 book club, word order, student life 高考試題1. If this dictionary is not yours, _ can it be? A. what else B. who else C. which elses D. who elses2. -Im sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired. -There is no _ for this while you are on duty. A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. exp

3、lanation3. I dont think its my _ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, thats all, said the boy. A. error B. mistake C. fault D. duty4. We all know that _ speak louder than words. A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions5. My parents always let me have my own _ of living. A. way B. m

4、ethod C. manner D. fashion6. The new law will come into _ on the day it is passed. A. effect B. use C. service D. existence7. For the sake of (為.著想) her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm _. A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climateDBCDAAD8 Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise

5、 to build up his _- A ability B force C strength D mind9 I am sure Daivd will be able to find the library -he has a pretty good _of direction.A idea B feeling C experience D sense 10. _is more useful than gold .A.Irons B. Iron C. An iron D. The iron 11. -what can I do for you ? -I d like to have a _

6、of China Daily. A. piece B. sheet C. lot D. copy 12.These days I hire two _in my house .A.man servant B men servant C man servants D men servantsDCBDD13. Mr Smith is a friend of _.A.Marys mothers B. Marys motherC.mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers 14._desks are in the same room.A.Johns and Susan B. Joh

7、n and Susans C .John and Susan D. Johns and Susans15.- Where did you spend last weekend ? -At _. A.Mr Greens B Mr Green C the Mr Greens D the Mr Greens16. One day Crusoe walked along _ towards his coat .A.the sand B. the sands C. sand D .sands 17. Toward evening ,_ came , which made things even wors

8、e .A.cold rain B .cold rains C. the cold rain D.a cold rain 18. The Chinese are _ brave and hard working people.A .the B. a C. / D.oneADABDB12.No news _good news.A is a B.are C.is D.has E.have 13. Maths still _ very difficult for me , though I have done my best.A .looks B. seems C. is D .are 14. The

9、 great wall of China runs across _ China like a huge dragon.A.the north B. north C.northern D.north of15. You are to gather at the _at 8:00 tomorrow morning .A.schools gate B. School Gate C. Schools Gate D .school gate CBB= the north of China D冠冠 詞詞1. 冠詞的泛指和特指用法冠詞的泛指和特指用法泛指是指首次提到的,不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上泛指是

10、指首次提到的,不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物,或是指被限制性修飾語在其后加以文已提到的人或事物,或是指被限制性修飾語在其后加以限定意義的人或事物也可以是指說話者雙方心目中所默限定意義的人或事物也可以是指說話者雙方心目中所默認的特指的人或事物。認的特指的人或事物。冠詞的泛指和特指用法可歸納為下表:冠詞的泛指和特指用法可歸納為下表:單數(shù)單數(shù)可數(shù)可數(shù)名詞名詞一定一定要用要用冠詞冠詞 復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)可數(shù)名詞名詞不可不可數(shù)名數(shù)名詞詞 a(n) the 泛指單一,每一,任一事物泛指單一,每一,任一事物 指類別指類別 特指特指 上文提到過的事物上文提到過的事物 被限制性修飾語所限定的事物被限

11、制性修飾語所限定的事物說話雙方所默認的事物說話雙方所默認的事物 世界上獨一無二的事物世界上獨一無二的事物 指類別指類別 the特指特指 零冠詞零冠詞 上文提到過的事物上文提到過的事物 被限制性修飾語所限定的事物被限制性修飾語所限定的事物 說話雙方所默認的事物說話雙方所默認的事物 泛指的一些事物泛指的一些事物 指類別指類別 不定冠詞不定冠詞修飾修飾可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞其意思為其意思為“一個一個”;定冠詞定冠詞可修飾可修飾可數(shù)可數(shù)/不可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞,往往名詞,往往表特指表特指其意思相當(dāng)其意思相當(dāng)于于“這個這個”,單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞只要不用在抽象化的語境中,只要不用在抽象化的語境中,一定要加冠詞一

12、定要加冠詞(或者加不定冠詞,或者加定冠詞或者加不定冠詞,或者加定冠詞)。這時不妨可用。這時不妨可用“一個一個”或或“這個這個(種種)”來檢驗。來檢驗。(1)-Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a(2)Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless the

13、y kill them for food. A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; /DB許多人都持相同的看法,在當(dāng)前國際貿(mào)易交往中,英語知識是必備的知識許多人都持相同的看法,在當(dāng)前國際貿(mào)易交往中,英語知識是必備的知識 Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.(2)不定冠詞不定冠詞a(n)用于有用于有形容詞修飾的一日三餐前。形容詞修飾的一日三餐前。 我每天早晨上班前吃點簡單的早餐。我每天早晨上班前吃點簡單的早餐。 Before I

14、go to work every morning, Ive a light breakfast. (3)不定冠詞不定冠詞a(n)用于用于有形容詞修飾的季節(jié)、日期前有形容詞修飾的季節(jié)、日期前。車禍?zhǔn)擒嚨準(zhǔn)?月底的一個星期天發(fā)生的。月底的一個星期天發(fā)生的。 The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July.(1)不定冠詞不定冠詞a(n)用于用于有或沒有形容詞修飾有或沒有形容詞修飾的的抽象名詞前抽象名詞前。21不定冠詞不定冠詞a(n)的幾種特殊用法的幾種特殊用法(4)不定冠詞不定冠詞a(n)用于序數(shù)詞前,表示一次,又一

15、。用于序數(shù)詞前,表示一次,又一。 用于形容詞最高級前無比較級含義。用于形容詞最高級前無比較級含義?!胺浅7浅!?再學(xué)一門語言是多么重要啊再學(xué)一門語言是多么重要啊! 這是一本很有用的書。這是一本很有用的書。 How important it is to learn a second language! This is a most useful book.否定比較級表達最高級意義時,常借助于不定冠詞a/an. - what do you think of the film?-Oh , 我從沒看過這最糟糕的電影。Ill never seen a worse one.(5)不定冠詞不定冠詞a(n)表

16、示表示“per”的意思。的意思。他的月收入是他的月收入是1000元。元。 His income is one thousand yuan a month.(6)不定冠詞不定冠詞a(n)用于有用于有g(shù)oodgreat many修飾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。修飾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。 我參觀過長城好多次。我參觀過長城好多次。 Ive visited the Great Wall a good many times.(7)不定冠詞不定冠詞a(n)用于形式為復(fù)數(shù),但意義仍為單數(shù)的名詞前。用于形式為復(fù)數(shù),但意義仍為單數(shù)的名詞前。 一千英里是相當(dāng)遠的距離。一千英里是相當(dāng)遠的距離。 A thousand miles is a

17、good distance. (8)不定冠詞不定冠詞a(n)用于一些原來是動詞的名詞前用于一些原來是動詞的名詞前 晚飯后,讓我們圍著操場散步吧晚飯后,讓我們圍著操場散步吧! Lets have a walk around the playground after supper.(9)有一些抽象名詞:有一些抽象名詞:advice(忠告忠告),behavior(行為行為),fortune(運氣運氣),fun(娛樂娛樂),information(情報情報),progress(進步進步),damage(損害損害),harm(傷害傷害)等,等,即使被即使被形容詞修飾,形容詞修飾,也不加也不加不定不定冠詞

18、。冠詞。一次性行為特別名詞化的動詞前:have/take a look at. ,have a talk / swim / test,go for a swim /walk ,come to an end , have /take a rest 11)a用于姓氏前表示某個只知道名字而不不熟悉的人。A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside. 12)在某些句型中可加aIt is a pity that you have missed the chance.It is a shame / a pleasure / a honour for sb. to do st

19、h.13)a/an 用于說明事物的同一性質(zhì)、特點、程度或大小,表示“相同”之意,相當(dāng)于the same . we are nearly of an age .Birds of a feather flock together.物以類聚??柨栺R克思就怎樣學(xué)好外語,提出了許多建議。馬克思就怎樣學(xué)好外語,提出了許多建議。 Karl Marx gave us some advice on how to learn a foreign language well. (13)用在某些固定詞組中。用在某些固定詞組中。A few, a little, a lot of, a bit, a couple o

20、f, all of a sudden(突然突然), as a matter of fact(實際實際上上) in a hurry(匆忙的匆忙的), in a word(簡言之簡言之), have a good time(玩得愉快玩得愉快), do sb. a favour(幫忙幫忙), pay a visit to(訪問訪問), as a rule(慣例慣例), as a whole(總之總之), in a day or two(一兩天一兩天), in a way(在在某種程度上某種程度上), of a size(大小相同大小相同), have a word with sb.(與與交談交談),

21、 make a living(謀生謀生), take ( a ) pride in(自豪自豪), take a walk(break, bath, seat)(散步散步(休息、洗澡、就座休息、洗澡、就座), a great deal of(大量大量), be a pity(遺憾遺憾), have a cold(headache, fever)(感冒感冒(頭痛、發(fā)燒頭痛、發(fā)燒), many a(許多許多), catch a cold(感冒感冒) a piece/kind /number /set / pair / of take a seat /a train/ a bus .2.2 2.2 定

22、冠詞的用法定冠詞的用法 定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that同源,有那(這)個的意思,但較弱,可以和一個名詞連用,來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。 1)特指雙方都明白的人或物: Take the medicine.把藥吃了 2)上文提到過的人或事: He bought a house. Ive been to the house 他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。 3)指世上獨一物二的事物: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth 4)單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物, the dollar 美元;the fox 狐貍; 或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人: the

23、rich 富人; the living 生者。5)用在序數(shù)詞和adj/adv最高級,及形容詞only, very,same等前面:Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二層。Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的東西。6)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個群體: They are the teachers of this school.指全體教師) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教師) the two of us =2 / two

24、 of us 27)表示所有,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前: She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。8)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機關(guān)團體、階級、等專有名詞前: the Peoples Republic of China 中華人民共和國 the United States 美國 用于表示海洋、河流、山脈、群島;報紙、雜志、書籍、會議、條約、信仰等名詞前。The Atlantic 大西洋 the Thames 泰晤士河 The Alps 阿爾卑斯山 the Changjiang (Yangtze)The Yellow Sea the Book o

25、f Poetry 詩經(jīng)注意: Life 生活周刊 Times 時代周刊 News Week 新聞周刊含有Mount ,Lake , Cape 等表示孤島、獨山,湖泊的名詞前不加定冠詞。Lake Baikal 貝加爾湖 Mt. Fushi 富士山 Mt. Ali 阿里山 但中國湖泊名詞前卻加定冠詞。The Dongting Lake 也可用Lake DongtingBay 海灣在專有名詞后時不加定冠詞。 Jiaozhou Bay 膠州灣9)用在表示西洋樂器的名詞之前,但漢語拼音的樂器前不用冠詞。 She plays the piano.她會彈鋼琴。 play erhu 10) 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞

26、之前,表示”一家人”or兩夫婦 : the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫婦)11) 用在表示方向、方位名詞前 介詞短語中加Birds come back from the south in springLead to the weat of Urals is called Europe.但在某些方位詞+介詞短語中,方位詞前不用冠詞。 north by east from east to west Note: suburbs 郊區(qū)及countryside (農(nóng)村)之前要用定冠詞 she doesnt live near the downtown area ,but out in the

27、suburbs.方位名詞大寫,指某個國家或世界的某一部分時,前面要用定冠詞。The North is colder than the South.The Middle East the South Pole12)用在表示學(xué)校、星座、船只、艦隊、鐵路、飛機、三軍、歷代朝代等的名詞前 the Univeristy of London the Air Force the Big Dipper 北斗星 The stone age the Sping and Autumn Period the Zhongshan 中山艦 the univeristy of Beijing Beijing Univeri

28、sty the Beijing Univeristy13)定冠詞可以用以表示對人體部位的特指,在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中指人體某部位 時 The stone struck her in the eye , He patted the girl on the head 14) In the fifties 50 年代 in ones fifties 50 多歲 18)用在慣用語中:in the day, in the morning /afternoon /evening the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next morning, i

29、n the sky (water,field,country), in the dark,in the rain, in the distance,in the middle (of),in the end,on the whole, by the way,go to the theatre15)序數(shù)詞前面一般加定冠詞表示“第”之意,但在second、third等詞前加不定冠詞表示“又一,再一”之意。why you took a second arrow16)在表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前,The telephone is widely used.17) 用在表示單位的名詞前。 by the yar

30、d 按碼 by the day /week /month /hour/dozen2.3 零冠詞的用法零冠詞的用法 1) 單個單詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前(國名,人名前通常不用定冠詞): China has a larger population thanAmerican Mary; 2)泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類人或事物時,可不用定冠詞; They are teachers. 他們是教師。 3)抽象名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞;Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。 4)物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞,當(dāng)表示特定的意思時,需要加定冠詞;Man can

31、not live without water.人離開水就無法生存。 5)在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前,不加冠詞; We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我們從星期一到星期五都上課。 由Day 構(gòu)成的與公歷有關(guān)的節(jié)日名詞前也不加冠詞 June 1st is Childrens Day Womens Day Nationals Day Spring is the best season of the year.但 the Spring Festival , 以上被一個限定性定語修飾,就要加冠詞。 He saw her in th

32、e spring of 20056)稱呼語或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名詞前及表示頭銜職務(wù)的名詞作賓語、補語及同位語時,一般不加冠詞。;The guards took the American to General Lee. Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li. We made him our chairman. 7)在三餐、球類和娛樂運動的名稱前,不加冠詞 如:have breakfast,play chess 8)當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上名詞并用時,常省去冠詞;I cant write without pen or pencil.

33、沒有鋼筆和鉛筆,我就寫不了字。9)當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用表示一種方式時,中間無冠詞; by bus,by train;10) every 作副詞用,表示每. “每隔幾.”時。 plant a tree every few metres11) 方位副詞前 Japan lies east of china .(12)From to.以及”名詞+介詞+(同樣)名詞” 的名詞前不加冠詞。 face to face /mouth to mouth / shoulder to shoulder day by day /day after day hand in hand / arm in arm (

34、13)Man作人類講時。 Man can conquer nature . (14)as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句句型中的單數(shù)名詞前。 Hero as he is , he is still modest. Child as he is ,he knows a lot. (15) 介詞BY+ 表單位的時間,長度, 重量,面積,價錢等總稱名詞前。 Ill pay you by time / by the hour We pay for our package by weight / by the gramBy the foot 按尺 by the yard 按碼 by the dozen 按打 by

35、the month 按月 by the day by the thousand 成千的 by the gallon 加侖(16) 介詞in+顏色名詞表穿著。The girl in red is LiPings sister (17)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前已經(jīng)被物主代詞,數(shù)詞, 指示代詞或名詞所有格修飾時My story-book is more interesting than this book.One book is on the desk Li Mings picture is beautiful than my brothers.(18)toward(s),all 后緊跟時間名詞時。Dont

36、play all day .They didnt come back until toward evening.(19)word 作消息講時,用零冠詞。 Word came that he would go abroad. 20)作表語用表示程度的形容詞最高級前,不用冠詞。Your help was most timely. This method is most effective.注意:如果有比較范圍,形容詞最高級前必須加定冠詞:Of all methods, this is the most effective.21)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞;a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞 b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞 He

37、came first in the race.c. 在固定詞組中 at (the) first,first of all,from first to last22)某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。名詞詞組中: husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork介詞詞組中:to(at, from) school, in (to)class, to(in, into, from)church,in (to,at, from)university(college),to(in,into, out

38、 of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot 在某些習(xí)慣用語中,用還是不用冠詞,意義不同,有時甚至差別很大,在某些習(xí)慣用語中,用還是不用冠詞,意義不同,有時甚至差別很大,使用時要特別注意。使用時要特別注意。進餐進餐 在桌子旁在桌子旁 at table at the table in hospital in the hosp

39、ital by sea by the seago to sea go to the sea in future in the future 住院住院 在醫(yī)院里在醫(yī)院里 乘船(由海路)乘船(由海路) 在海邊在海邊 當(dāng)水手當(dāng)水手 去海邊去海邊 從今以后,將來從今以后,將來 未來未來 .5.2.4用冠詞與不用冠詞的差異用冠詞與不用冠詞的差異究竟究竟 在地球上,在世上在地球上,在世上 上學(xué)(做禮拜上學(xué)(做禮拜) 到學(xué)校(教堂)去到學(xué)校(教堂)去 在在(外部的)前面(外部的)前面 在在(內(nèi)部的)前面(內(nèi)部的)前面 騎著馬騎著馬 在馬背上在馬背上 發(fā)生發(fā)生 代替代替 take the pla

40、ce of take place on the horseback on horseback in the front of in front of go to the school (church) go to school (church) on the earth on earth .10.我們當(dāng)中的兩人我們當(dāng)中的兩人 我們兩人(共計兩人)我們兩人(共計兩人) 毫無疑問,一定毫無疑問,一定 不可能不可能 大體上,一般地大體上,一般地 全部地,整體全部地,整體 一個重要的會議一個重要的會議 最重要的會議最重要的會議 又一次又一次 第三次第三次 the third time A

41、 third time the most important meeting A most important meeting as a whole = altogether on the whole = in general out of the questionout of question the two of us two of us 4.15稍遠一些稍遠一些 在遠處在遠處 許多許多 的數(shù)目的數(shù)目 一會兒一會兒 目前,暫時目前,暫時 負責(zé)負責(zé) 由由負責(zé),在負責(zé),在掌管之下掌管之下在白天在白天 按日計算按日計算 by the day by day be in the

42、charge of be in charge of for the moment for a moment the number ofA number of in the distance at a distance ( of) 9.20.擁有擁有 為為所有所有能看見能看見 據(jù)據(jù)的見解的見解 代替代替 在在的地方的地方 成年成年 同齡同齡 征求意見征求意見 聽從勸告聽從勸告 他仍在執(zhí)政他仍在執(zhí)政 他仍在辦公室里他仍在辦公室里 He is still in the office. He is still in office take the advice take advic

43、ebe of an age be of age in the place of in place of in the sight of in sight of in the possession of in possession of 4.25.26.冠詞表類別的常見方式(1)定冠詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,表示一個,代表一類。The computer was invented in 1945.The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.The horse is a useful animal.(2)不定冠詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(表示任意一個,某一個

44、)。A pen is a tool for writing.A square has four sides.A horse is a useful animal.注意:man, woman表示泛指時,不用冠詞,且常用單數(shù)。如:Man is fighting a battle against pollution.Man tries to be the protector of woman.2.5冠詞與形容詞冠詞與形容詞+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)名詞結(jié)構(gòu) 1) 兩個形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個不同東西。 He raises a black and a white cat. 他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓。 The blac

45、k and the white cats are hers. 這只黑貓和白貓都是他的。 2) 如后一個形容詞無冠詞,則指一物。 He raises a black and white cat. 他養(yǎng)了一只花貓。2.6 冠詞位置冠詞位置 1) 不定冠詞位置不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意: a. 在名詞詞組如有such,what,many,half等修飾是,a/an置于這些詞之后。 I have never seen such an animal. What a exciting film ! half a month Many a man is fit for the job. b. 當(dāng)

46、名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時,不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后: It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a distance.We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out. c. quite,rather與單數(shù)名詞連用,冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng)rather,quite 前仍有形容詞,不定冠詞放其前后均可。 如:quite a sudden change a quite sudden chan

47、ge d. 在as,though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,當(dāng)標(biāo)語為形容詞修飾的名詞時,不定冠詞放形容詞后: Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他盡管勇敢,可見到蛇還是發(fā)抖。e . 當(dāng)名詞被比較級形容詞修飾時,不定冠詞通常置于比較級形容詞之后。 There is much bigger a room than mine.2) 定冠詞位置 定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前,但放在all,exactly, just ,both,double,half,twice,three times等詞之后,名詞之前。All t

48、he students in the class went out.班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。just the right place half the story twice the price 1. Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century. A. the; / B. the; the C. /; the D. /; /2. It is not rare in _ that people in _ fifties are going to univ

49、ersity for further education. A. 90s; their B. the 90s; / C. 90s; . D. the 9Os; their3. Summer in _ south of France are for _ most part dry and sunny. A. /; a B. the; / C. /; / D. the; the4. Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they hunt them for food. A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; he5. Mr. Smith, theres a man at _ front door who says he has _ news for you of great importance. CDDBA6. The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the short of _ wood used. A. the; file B. the; / C. /; / D. /;/ 7. A bullet hit the soldier

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