1、Grammarsentences句子成份句子成份 句子一般由兩個(gè)部分組成：句子一般由兩個(gè)部分組成：主語部分（主語部分（ subject group）謂語部分（謂語部分（ predicate group） 句子成份：句子成份：主主 謂謂 賓賓 表表補(bǔ)補(bǔ)定定 狀狀Members of sentence: S - subjectP - predicative O - objectAttri.-attributeAdv.- adverb Oc - object complement 主主賓賓表表補(bǔ)補(bǔ)定定狀狀1) 主語（主語（subject）I like football.The boy needs a

2、 pen. 句子的主體，全句述說的對象。一般由句子的主體，全句述說的對象。一般由 擔(dān)任擔(dān)任, ,常置于句首。常置于句首。2) 謂語（謂語（predicate）說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。由說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。由 擔(dān)任。常置于主語后。擔(dān)任。常置于主語后。 The train leaves at 6 oclock.I want a ticket.,動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 或從句或從句名詞名詞,主格代詞主格代詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞3) 賓語賓語（object）4) 表語表語（predicative）He won the game. On the desk表示表示vt.的動(dòng)作對象或的動(dòng)作對象或prep.所

3、聯(lián)系的對象。所聯(lián)系的對象。由由n.或相當(dāng)于或相當(dāng)于n.的詞擔(dān)任。置于的詞擔(dān)任。置于vt.或或prep.后。后。Tome lost his life in the big fire.He is a student.用以表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。用以表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。由由n.n.或或adj.adj.擔(dān)任。置于系動(dòng)詞之后。擔(dān)任。置于系動(dòng)詞之后。除了除了be 系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，1)表表感官的動(dòng)詞感官的動(dòng)詞:2) 表表轉(zhuǎn)變變化轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞:3)表表延續(xù)延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞feel, smell, taste, sound,

4、 look, appear, seem 等。等。become, get, grow, turn, go,等等remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等等。5) 賓補(bǔ)（賓補(bǔ)（objective complement） 補(bǔ)充說明賓語的情況補(bǔ)充說明賓語的情況 。由由n. /adj. /n. /adj. /介賓介賓 / /分詞分詞 / /不定式等擔(dān)任。不定式等擔(dān)任。They made him king. I consider the book too expensive. 6) 定語（定語（attributive）對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，對名詞或代詞起修飾、限

5、定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用漢語中常用的的表示表示, ,通常位于被修飾的成分前。通常位于被修飾的成分前。The black bike is mine.( )說明說明1：當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞如：當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞如：nothing , anything , everything , something 等時(shí)，定語要放在其后作后置定語等時(shí)，定語要放在其后作后置定語 我告訴他一些有趣的事情。我告訴他一些有趣的事情。 I tell him something interesting . 說明說明2：不定式、短語或從句不定式、短語或從句作定語時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。作定語時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之

6、后。 這間屋子里的男孩子們是這間屋子里的男孩子們是10班的。班的。 The boys in the room are in Class Ten. 7) 狀語（狀語（adverbial）用以修飾用以修飾adj. /v. /adv.及全句及全句,位置靈活位置靈活。通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；修飾修飾形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，首，一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：of

7、ten）或程度（如：）或程度（如：almost）的副）的副詞狀語通常位于詞狀語通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。I am very sorry.We often help him. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . （從句作時(shí)間狀語（從句作時(shí)間狀語) 句子類型句子類型簡單句并列句復(fù)合句.簡單句簡單句1. Things changed.2. Trees are green.3. We dont beat children.4. He gave his sister the piano.

8、5. I found the book easy. 主 + 謂主 + 謂 + 表主 + 謂 + 賓主 + 謂 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ)Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go. PracticePractice 主 + 謂主 + 謂 + 表主 + 謂 + 賓主 + 謂 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ).并列句并列句This is me and these are my friends

9、. They must stay in water, or they will die. Its not cheap, but it is very good. It was late, so I went to bed. andorbut soHe knocked at the door; there was no answer.Youre alive! And shes dead.名詞性從句名詞性從句狀語從句狀語從句定語從句定語從句主語從句主語從句表語從句表語從句賓語從句賓語從句同位語從句同位語從句.復(fù)合句復(fù)合句A plane is a machine that can fly.He sa

10、id that he didnt like her.狀語從句狀語從句分為九類：分為九類：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、 目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1) 時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句Wait until you are called.When spring came, leaves turn green.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等等2) 地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句Put it where you foun

11、d it.Sit down wherever you like.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：where, wherever, anywhere3) 原因狀語從句原因狀語從句As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because, as, since4) 結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, such that, that 5) 目的狀語從句目的狀語從句Ill sh

12、ow you so you will see how its done.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, in order that6) 條件狀語從句條件狀語從句If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：if, unless, in case that, on condition that常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：though, although, if even if, even though,7) 讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句Though Im fond of music,I can

13、t play any instrument.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as, as if, as though, how常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, as far as, so long as8) 方式狀語從句方式狀語從句He did just as you told him.9) 程度狀語從句程度狀語從句So long as you need me, Ill stay. Homework1.復(fù)習(xí)今天所學(xué)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)2.自行復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句的內(nèi)容(三)3.看試卷,做相應(yīng)知識(shí)點(diǎn).名詞性從句名詞性從句1) 主語從句主語從句* What he said is not k

14、nown.* That we shall be late is certain.* It is certain that we shall be late.* How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 2）表語從句）表語從句* That is what he wants to buy. * The problem is that who we can get to replace her?* The reason is that he has lied to me several times. 3) 賓語從句賓語從句* I unders

15、tand that he is well qualified.* He said that he didnt like her. * I dont know if you can help me.4) 同位語從句同位語從句* Where did you get the idea that I couldnt come?* The question who should do the work requires consideration.* Mother made a promise that she would buy me a new coat.the ideaThe questiona

16、promise注意！注意！* that與與what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。* what在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份（主在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份（主,賓賓,表）。表）。* That在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成份。在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成份。* that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可省略（賓語從句除外）在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可省略（賓語從句除外）.That is what he wants to buy.That we shall be late is certain.He said (that) he didnt like her.引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞that & what 狀語從句狀語從句分

17、為九類：分為九類：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、 目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1) 時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句Wait until you are called.When spring came, leaves turn green.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等等2) 地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句Put it where you found it.Sit down wherever you like.常用的

18、關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：where, wherever, anywhere3) 原因狀語從句原因狀語從句As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because, as, since4) 結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, such that, that 5) 目的狀語從句目的狀語從句Ill show you so you will see how its done.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, in order that6) 條件狀語從句條件狀語從句If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：if, unless, in case that, on condition that常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：though, altho