1、Lesson2動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)重難點(diǎn)分析在英語中，被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用得比漢語要多、要普遍，但大多數(shù)句子都使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語 態(tài)在英語中極為重要。高考中通常把時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)結(jié)合起來考查。動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)(the active voice)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)(the passive voice)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示 主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：People speak English all over the world.全世界的人都在講英語。(the active voice)English is spoken by people all over the world, (the pa

2、ssive voice)一、動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成一覽表(以ask為例)常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are asked現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been asked一般過去時(shí)was/were asked過去完成時(shí)had been asked一般將來時(shí)will/shall be asked過去將來時(shí)would/should be asked現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are being asked過去將來完成時(shí)would/should have beenasked過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were being asked含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/must/may.be asked被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否

3、認(rèn)式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not：短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不可漏掉 其中的介、副詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)be going to, used to, have to, had better變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只需將 其后的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。如：We are not allowed to smoke.不允許我們抽煙。/ He is often made fun of by his classmates.他經(jīng)常被他的同班同學(xué)捉弄。/ Newspaper used to be sent here at 10 a.m.過去報(bào)紙常常是上午10點(diǎn)被送到的。據(jù)說類動(dòng)詞，如：It is said/bclicvcd/supp

4、oscd/rcportcd that., It is generally considered that., It is well known thal等，及 It must be adinilted/pointed out that等結(jié)構(gòu)常以被動(dòng)形式出現(xiàn)。注意事項(xiàng)以下主動(dòng)形式常表被動(dòng)意義：The bike needs/wants/requires repairing.這輛自行車需要修理。 /The film is worth seeing.這部電影值得看。/The door wont shut/open.這門不能關(guān)/開。/The play wont act.這部戲不能演。/ The clot

5、hes wash well.這些衣服很好洗。/ The book sells well.這本書很暢銷。/ The dish tastes delicious.這份菜嘗起來很美味。/ Waler feels very cold. 水摸上去很冷。不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài)（即多數(shù)的瞬間動(dòng)詞）：appear, die, disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come （rue, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place

6、 等不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 等系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)（keep”除外）:be, appear, become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste,

7、 turn 等二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別.被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示以主語為承受者的動(dòng)作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)。如：The cup was broken by a boy.這個(gè)杯子是被一個(gè)男孩打破的。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）The cup is broken.這杯子是破的。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）.前者可有多種時(shí)態(tài)，而后者通常只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。如：My bike is being / will be / was repaired.（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）我的自行車正在被修理/將被修理/被修 理過了。He is/was interested in his work.（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）他對(duì)他的工作感興趣。.被動(dòng)語態(tài)可跟by短

8、語，表動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：The dress was made by my mother.這件衣服是我媽媽做的?？键c(diǎn)練透一、單句填空用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。When money(spend), we can earn i( back, but when time is lost, it will never return.Customers are asked to make sure that they(give) the right change before leaving the shop.Great changes(take place) in the city, a

9、nd a lot of factories(set up).The police found that the house(break into) and a lot of things(steal).The discussion(come) alive when an interesting topic was brought in.The head teacher says that all the preparations for the party(complete) by Friday.The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a col

10、d frost(expect) to arrive.The careless driver is(blame) for (he traffic accident that(happen) yesterday.Flowers usually(sell) well on Valentines Day, so their Howers(sell) in no time that day.1 want to buy that kind of cloth because I(tell) the cloth(wash) well.Leonardo da Vinci (14521519)(say) to h

11、ave bought birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?一Yes, I have. I guess it(grade) now.If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what(discover) in science and technology.The work needs(complete) by 6 p.m.The number of death

12、s from heart disease(reduce) greatly if people arc persuaded to eat more vegetables.We should get into the good habit of saving time and never leave what can(do) today until tomorrow.I hold the belief that more measures will(take) to prevent loss of soil along the Yellow River.In recent years, more

13、and more highways and overpasses (build up) in Guangzhou.Many man-made satellites(send up) into space so far by many countries.Many more trees(plant) next year.二、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。There is no doubt that the job interview is an important part of job hunting, as the impression you cr

14、eate during the job interview can make the inten-iewer 能el “with you or “against you”. The job interview is the time to sell by giving examples of experiences you have had related to the job and 2 revealing (展現(xiàn))your good point. In order to make 3 solid impression with success, you had better keep th

15、e following two rules in mind:One is to present yourself and your 4 (able) to do the job. However, dont exaggerate the truth; just be honest. Second, do more listening (han talking. Listen carefully and get involved in _5 the interviewer is saying. A good 6 (listen) is often a considerate person and

16、 7 (appreciate) by everyone staying with you.8 it is important to talk about your successful experiences, dont conic on too strong and sound like a boaster (吹噓者).9 you are not sure what the job will require of you, ask questionsto see whether you do feel qualified. Most interviewers will appreciate

17、your questions _ 1(L your ability to listen and respond.助讀詞匯interviewer n.面試官interviewer n.面試官solid adj.可靠的present vl.呈現(xiàn)；介紹exaggerate vt.夸大considerate adj.體貝占的considerate adj.體貝占的qualified adj.合格的appreciate vt.欣賞appreciate vt.欣賞job hunting 求職related to 與有關(guān)related to 與有關(guān)keep.in mind 記住get involved in

18、 參與There is no doubt that.亳無疑問三、佳作欣賞下面是一篇摘自全國英語高考書面表達(dá)的范文，文中有許多精彩且靈活的語 言表達(dá)，其中也包含有動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語，用心體會(huì)其用法。No doubt every -rade three student wishes to be successful in the National College Entrance Examination. Yet what should we do in order to achieve success? Here are some su/westisns.First, its very important to have a right attitude,