1、 主謂一致 濮陽市第四中學(xué)丁建麗主謂一致可以分為三類，見下表： 語法 一致(1) and, both and 連接并列主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。注意：如果and連接的兩個詞是指同一人或物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(2) 在“主語+ with / together with/ as well as /including，except ，rather than, 謂語動詞形式與這些短語之前的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致；(3) 不可數(shù)名詞、動名詞(短語)、不定式(短語)、從句等作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù);and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞均受 each, every, no, many a等詞修飾時謂語動詞用單數(shù).

2、(4) kind of/ type of/ sort of/ pair of/ piece of 等作主語時,謂動詞與kind/pair/type/sort保持一致;成雙成對出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞glasses，shoes，trousers，pants，gloves等作主語時，通常謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但前面有a /the pair of；a /the suit of等詞語時，則謂語動詞要與量詞一致。 意義 一致(1) 表時間、金錢、距離、重量數(shù)目等名詞作主語時，被看作一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(2) people，police，cattle等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；family，clas

3、s，group，team，army, club, government, 等集體名詞作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指具體成員時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(3) “the + adj.”指一類人作主語時，“the +old /young /rich /poor 謂用復(fù)數(shù)。(4) 以“-ics”結(jié)尾學(xué)科名詞，指教科研某一學(xué)科；politics,physics,maths, news 用單數(shù)（5）表示“某某一家人”，作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。即the + 姓的復(fù)數(shù)。 就近 一致(1) “there be”句型中，當(dāng)be動詞后面的名詞不止一個時，be動詞的人稱和數(shù)一般與其最近的名詞的人稱和數(shù)保

4、持一致。(2) not only but also ，either.or./ ，neither.nor./， whether.or./ not.，等連接并列主語時等連接并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與最近名詞或代詞一致。主謂一致語法精析英語的一致關(guān)系中的其中一條就是要求句子的謂語動詞要與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就是主謂一致。主謂一致要遵循三個原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。一、語法一致原則 主謂語法一致是指謂語動詞與主語在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。1. 在下列情況下，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式：(1) 不可數(shù)名詞、動名詞(短語)、不定式(短語)、從句等作主語時；(2) and連

5、接的兩個名詞表示一個整體、同一種事物或同一人時；(3) and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞均受 each, every, no, many a等詞修飾時；(4) 代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時，或主語中含有each, every時。2. 在下列情況下要視具體情況而定：(1) 主語后接with, together with, as well as, rather than, including, except等引導(dǎo)的短語時，謂語動詞形式與這些短語之前的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致；(2) 當(dāng)kind of/ pair of/ type of/ sort

6、of等作主語時，謂語動詞與kind/pair/type/sort保持一致；(3) 當(dāng)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of + 名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞與of 后面的名詞保持一致。二、意義一致原則主語和謂語在意義上的一致是指根據(jù)句意謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。1. 在下列情況下，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式：(1) 表示“時間、距離、金錢、重量”等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，被看作一個整體時；(2) 當(dāng)army, club, family, government, class, team等集體名詞作主語，表示整體時；(3) 以“-ics”結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，指教育、科研的某一學(xué)科；(4) 復(fù)數(shù)名詞用作書、電影、戲劇、報刊、

7、國家等名稱時。2. 在下列情況下，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：(1) 當(dāng)“the + adj.”指一類人作主語時；(2) 當(dāng)army, club, family, government, class, team等集體名詞作主語，強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的個體時；(3) 有些集合名詞，如people, police, cattle等形式上是單數(shù)，但往往用作復(fù)數(shù)。三、就近一致原則就近一致是指謂語動詞與最靠近它的名詞、代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。1. 在there be句型中或以here開頭的句子中，be動詞應(yīng)與后面的名詞保持一致，當(dāng)后面的名詞不止一個時，be動詞應(yīng)和其最靠近的名詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致；2. either

8、.or./ neither.nor./ whether.or./ not.but./ not only.but also.等連接并列主語時，謂語同鄰近的主語一致。小試身手. 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Reading aloud (be) very important in learning English. 2. Whether well go (depend) on the weather.3.Both industry and agriculture (have) been greatly developed these years.4. The writer and teacher

9、 (be) speaking at the meeting.5. Every boy and every girl (have) the right to receive education.6. The population of the earth (be) increasing every year.7. Politics (be) a complicated subject.8. There (be) a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk9. Not only the students but also the teacher (w

10、ant) to go climbing.10. More than twenty students (be) playing football in the playground單項選擇：( ) 1.The teacher and writer tomorrow.A. has arrivedB. have arrived C. is arriving D. are arriving( ) 2.Look! Mrs Yang with two new students towards the classroom. A. is walkingB. are walking C. walks D. wa

11、lk( ) 3.How time flies! Two months really a short time. A. Is B. areC. was D. were( ) 4.The rest of the eggs gone bad. Youd better throw them away.A. is B. are C. has D. have( ) 5.Not only the students but also the teacher against the plan.A. are B. is C. do D. does. 單項填空。 1. Look! There playing wit

12、h the tourists on Dahe Square.A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deersC. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers 2. The injured in the earthquake good care of by some medical teams.A. is taken B. are being taken C. are taking D. is being taken 3. My friend and classmate Paul motorcycles

13、in his spare time.A. race B. racesC. is racedD. is racing 4. The factory, including its machines and buildings, burnt last night.A. is B. are C. were D. was 5. Her family much larger than mine. Her family singing and dancing when I came in last night. A. are; wasB. is; wereC. is; was D. are; were201

14、0湖北省黃岡市-David has been away for more than 25 days. -I miss him very much.You know ,25 days _short.A.is B.isnt C.are D.arent（2010湖北省十堰市，39，1）Climbing hills _of great help to our health.A.was B.were C.is D.are（2010山東省萊蕪市，22，1）Yao Ming works hard on his English and _Aso Liu Xiang does Bso is Liu Xiang

15、Cso does Liu Xiang Dso Liu Xiang is（2010福建省福州市，35，1）-Leo,_no milk or eggs in the fridge.-Oh,Ill go and buy some right away.A.it is B.there is C.there are（2010北京市，The reading room _ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there.A. am B. is C. are D. be（2010北京市，27，1）-_ you turn down your radio, please? -Yes

16、, I can.A. May B. Need C. Must D. Can（2010廣西省定西市，四，1）( )2.There_some milk in the glass. A. is B. are C. be D. has實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)，所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Half of the apples _(be) red. 2.A number of ancient buildings _ (be) destroyed in the war. 3.The number of the visitors _ (have) decreased this year. 4.My family _(be)

17、very poor when I was a little girl5.My family _(be) all looking forward for your coming. 6.When to leave _(be) not been decided. 7.Watching TV too much _(be) bad for your eyes.8.What he said and what he did _(be) always different last night . 9.The novelist and poet _(be) going to Europe next year.

18、10.The novelist and the poet_(be) going to Europe next year. 11.2 and 3 _5. 12.The Blacks _(enjoy) working in China. 13.every +.and every +.或each+and each +14.Every man and every woman _(be) busy at working. 15.Neither of us _(have) been abroad. 16.Neither answer _(be) wrong . 17.Somebody _(be)waiti

19、ng for you at the school gate. 18.A pair of scissors_(be) useful tool for a dressmaker. 19.Two pieces of paper _(be ) on the desk . 20.Maths_(be) my favorite subject. 21.The young _(like) listening to popular songs . 22.The Greens _(be)having lunch now. 23.Neither his parents nor Tom_(be) at home.24

20、.There _(be) a book and some pens on the desk. 25.There _(come) the bus. 26.I know the man who_(be) talking to my father. 27.It is Marys brother who_(be) injured in the car accident yesterday.28.What I want to say _(be) just “ Take care!”29.Most of the water here _(be) clean. 30.80% cotton _have) be

21、en sent to America.80% 31. Reading aloud (be) very important in learning English. 32. Whether well go (depend) on the weather.33.Both industry and agriculture (have) been greatly developed these years.34. The writer and teacher (be) speaking at the meeting.35. Every boy and every girl (have) the rig

22、ht to receive education.36. The population of the earth (be) increasing every year.37. Politics (be) a complicated subject.38. There (be) a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk39. Not only the students but also the teacher (want) to go climbing.40. More than twenty students (be) playing footb

23、all in the playground. 連詞專練主將從現(xiàn)、主祈從現(xiàn)、主情從現(xiàn)：if，unless(除非、如果不），when，notuntil（不到.不）as soon as（一就.）and，but , so, or, Because , since, Before , after , while , as , until / till，in order to do（為了）, in order that （為了），both.and （兩者都）, neither. nor（既不.也不）, either.or（或者.或者.） , not only.but also（不僅.而且.），地點狀語從句

24、where，原因狀語從句because，目的狀語從句so that，結(jié)果狀語從句so that和such.that （如此.以至于.+情態(tài)動詞）, 比較狀語從句as as（像.一樣），not so.as.（不像.一樣），讓步狀語從句though，although，even if，even though（即使.、盡管）。一、1. Ill write to you _ I get there. A. while B. before C. as soon as D. by2. He has lived in the city _ he came back from America . A. when

25、 B. before C. since D. after3. We wont leave here _ our teacher comes back. A. until B. since C. after D. as soon as4. I had to finish the picture _ my mother came back. A. until B. before C. after D. while5. John fell asleep _ he was listening to the music. A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as

26、 6.Youll be late _ you dont get up early tomorrow morning. A. if B. when C. before D. until7.If he _ on time, we will go without him A. doesnt come B. dont come C. didnt come8.If you _ him tomorrow, please ask him if he _ to work on the farm with us.A. see ; goes B. will see; goes C. will see; will

27、go D. see; will go9. I didnt buy the dictionary yesterday _ my aunt would give me one. A. until B. because C. if D before10. - Why did you come to school late this morning?- _ I watched the football World Cup until 12 oclock last night. A. If B. Because C. Since D. Though11. Hurry up, Jack. We have

28、to get to the station before 11:45 _ I can catch the 12:00 train. A. since B. after C. as soon as D. so that12. His mother was _ busy _ she cant look after Tom. A. so, that B. such, that C. very , that D. too, to13.He was _ angry to hear the news that he couldnt say a word. A. so B. too C. very D. m

29、uch14. Kate went to school _ it rained heavily yesterday. A. though B. if C. but D. since15.The days are _ in our country. A. as warm as B. as warmer as C. warm than D. so warmer as 16. -Its 9 oclock now. I must go. -Its raining outside. Dont leave _ it stops. A. when B. since C. while D. until17. T

30、he children will climb the hill if it _ tomorrow. A. wont rain B. didnt rain C. doesnt rain D. isnt raining 18. Frank _ a film if hes free next Saturday. A. see B. saw C. has seen D. will see I二、1.【2012貴州貴陽】43. Teresa is _ nervous _ she cant talk in front of the class.A. such, that B. too, to C. so,

31、 that2.【安徽 - Whats your plan for the summer holidays? -Ill go to Beijing_ the school term ends. A. in order that B. so that C. as soon as D. even though3.【2012貴州安順】17.I think _ not difficult _ English every morning A. that; keep reading Bits; keep reading C. that; to keep reading Dit; to keep readin

32、g4.【2012年福州市】40. Well go for a picnic if it _ this Sunday. - Wish you a lovely weekend. A. rain B. doesnt rain C. wont rain5. There will be a flower show in the park_ we visited last week. A. who B. when C. what D. which 【2012年廣東省】 6. If our government _attention to controlling food safety now, our

33、health _in danger. A. wont pay, is B. doesnt pay, is C. wont pay, will be D. doesnt pay, will be7.【2012黃岡】41. Excuse me, Could you wake me up when my friend_ here? Of course. we still dont know when your friend _ here. A. comes; will come B. comes；comes C. will come; comes D. will come； will come8.【

34、2012湖北黃岡】42. Do you have Jays CDs? Sorry, they are _. But well get some more next week because they _.A. sold well； are on sale B. sold out； sell well C. selling well; sell well D. for sale; sell well9.【 2012四川成都】46. I want to know when Mr. Brown will arrive. When he_, I will tell you. A. will arriv

35、e B. arrived C. arrives 10.【2012四川達(dá)州】24. I like drinking wine. But people who drink wine arent allowed to drive. If I you_, I would give up_ wine A. were; drinking B. am; drinking C. were; drink D. was; t o drink11._I was in he US, I made a lot of American friends. A. While B. Although C. Unless D.

36、Until12.【2012四川南充】25. What would happen if he _back home? A. go B. goes C. went13.【2012四川雅安市】9. If a polar bear_, it _fish from the water. A. will be hungry; catches B. is hungry; will catch C. is going to be hungry; catches D. is hungry; wont catch14.【12六盤水】38.-Do you know if we will go for a picni

37、c this Saturday? - I think we will if we _ any classes. A. won t have B. didnt have C. dont have D. arent having15.【2012山東東營市】 Excuse me, can I interview Mr. Miller this afternoon? - A moment, please. Let me check_ . A. if Mr. Miller will be free B. when will Mr. Miller have time C. Mr. Miller had a

38、n appointment D. when does Mr. Miller come back16.【12川樂山市】22. _he has little knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A. Although. B. Because. C. If專練三1._he exercises every day, _ he is very healthy. A. Because; so B. Because; through C. Because; / D. Though; /2.You can choose to watch TV

39、at home go shopping with me. A. and B. but C. so D.or3.Hurry up, _ finish your homework! A.or B.but C.and D.while4.The bus driver always says to us ,“Dont get off_ the bus stops.” A. when B. while C .until 5.Though the old man didnt have enough money, he gave a thousand yuan to the charity. A. / B.

40、and C. but D. so6. I have been collecting stamps _ I was nine years old. A.before B.if C. since7. We just need one of you for the game. you your brother can join us. A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also 8.A lot of famous doctors gathered in Harbin save “Chinas most beautiful teacher”Ms Zhang Lili. A. so that B. i