1、GrammarNoun clauses as the object and predicative賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句Related Conception (相關(guān)概念)1.名詞:表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。2.名詞在句子當(dāng)中一般可以作什么成分?名詞在句中主要作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。1.Henry is a businessman.主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)2. Henry, a businessman , received a million pound bank note.主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)His job is important.What he does is important.This is his j

2、ob.This is what he does every day. 主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句什么是名詞性從句? (Noun Clauses) I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句在英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來(lái)該由_充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在由_來(lái)充當(dāng),這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句 ( The Subje

3、ct Clause)賓語(yǔ)從句 ( The Object Clause) 表語(yǔ)從句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位語(yǔ)從句 ( The Appositive Clause)什么是名詞性從句? (Noun Clauses)一個(gè)句子名詞名詞性從句(1)賓語(yǔ)從句一、賓語(yǔ)從句共性問(wèn)題 1，2They know that the habit will kill them.He asked how much I paid for the violin.Ill tell you why I asked you to come.It all depends on whether they

4、will support us.I dont care who marries him.觀察： 1. 賓語(yǔ)從句可充當(dāng)誰(shuí)的賓語(yǔ)？ 2. 連接詞的分類和作用？賓語(yǔ)從句 （The Object Clause）賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中起_作用，可以作 的賓語(yǔ)，也可以作 的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句必須用_語(yǔ)序。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞有that，if， whether；連接代詞有who, whom,which,whose等；連接副詞有when，where，how， why等。賓語(yǔ)陳述動(dòng)詞介詞連接詞 一that賓語(yǔ)從句1.Oliver believes (that) a man could survive a month in

5、 London.2 Im afraid (that) I dont quite follow you,sir.3. I dont think (that) its very funny.4.My uncle said （that） he would come and that he would also bring his son.5.We all agree (that) it would be convenient to go there by bus.1.歸納總結(jié)：that 在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)無(wú)詞義，也不充當(dāng)任何成分，且通?？梢允÷?。但如果含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常只有第一個(gè)

6、從句的that可以省略，其余從句的that一般不能省略。 由連接代詞who/whom, whose, what, which引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句： She did not know what had happened. He asked whose purse it was. Do you know who/ whom Henry is speaking to?Q: 這些連接代詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分?主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 由連接副詞when, where, how, why 等 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：Please tell me when Jody Williams won the Nobel Peace P

7、rize.He wanted to know where I had spent my holiday.Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?Do you know why he was late? Q:這些連接代詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分? 狀語(yǔ)歸納總結(jié)：連接代詞及連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，連接詞都在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。 當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not時(shí),不用if. e.g.: I dont know whether I will stay or not. 介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用if. e.g.: I worry

8、 about whether I hurt her feelings. whether to do 做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)不能用if to do. e.g.: I havent decided whether to go there.whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,但是以下情況不用if。賓語(yǔ)從句(whether & if)意為“是否”特殊：The teacher had made it clear that whoever breaks the rule would be punished.老師已經(jīng)說(shuō)得很清楚，任何違反規(guī)定的人都要被懲罰。 find / feel/ consider/ make/t

9、hink + it +adj. +that賓從形式賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)真正賓語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)a.他相信他的夢(mèng)想總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 He believes _ .b.請(qǐng)告訴我你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么。Please tell me _.his dream will come true some day1. 如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時(shí)態(tài)。what you were doing at this time yesterday一、賓語(yǔ)從句(時(shí)態(tài))他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備。He told me _.老師告訴我們光是沿直線運(yùn)行的。The teacher told us _.he was prepar

10、ing for the examinationlight travels in a straight line2. 如果主句謂語(yǔ)是過(guò)去時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài),但從句表達(dá)的是客觀真理、自然規(guī)律等時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述語(yǔ)序，即“連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它成分”。 Do exercises .I didnt know .你們當(dāng)時(shí)在聊什么？這本書(shū)是誰(shuí)的？她明天是否要來(lái)？她住哪里？I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?Exploration但是從句為Whats t

11、he matter？ Whats wrong？Whats happening？who,what作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句是感嘆句，從句的語(yǔ)序不變.1. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. (北京2011)A. what B. how C. that D. whyWhat +n.+ 主+謂 n. a / an + adj.+n adj.+ U adj.+ pl.（復(fù)數(shù)） 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移:動(dòng)詞 think, consider, suppose猜想, believe, expect, guess, imagine等

12、詞，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上,從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。I dont suppose he cares, ?He doesnt think we will come, ? does he does he此時(shí)，否定只看主句，與從句無(wú)關(guān) 1.她堅(jiān)持要把這次旅游安排得盡善盡美。2他命令關(guān)閉所有的大門(mén)。3.我建議他應(yīng)該更努力學(xué)習(xí)。 4.老師要求我們和睦相處。She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut.I s

13、uggested that he (should) study harder. The teacher requests that .we (should) get along well with each other.3.總結(jié)歸納： 在一些表示堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求等意義的動(dòng)詞后，that 賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)常用（should+）動(dòng)詞原形，表示虛擬。1.堅(jiān)持：insist2.命令：order, command3.建議：suggest, propose, advise4.要求：desire, demand, require, request老師要求所有作業(yè)要在放學(xué)前交上去。The teacher

14、desired that all the exercises should be handed in before school was over.She asked Tom_was the matter with his car.2.Will you tell me _ I can keep healthy?3.This depends on _the money we have is enough.4. Could you tell me _ Marry lives?whatwherewhetherhow牛刀小試：2. We havent discussed yet _ we are go

15、ing to place our new furniture. (2010課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)A. that B. which C. what D. where3. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. (山東2010)A. why B. what C. how D. which4. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.

16、(湖南2010)A. where B. whether C. that D. why5. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (四川2010)A. what B. who C. how D. why表語(yǔ)從句思考：表語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)什么成分？放在什么詞后面？引導(dǎo)詞有哪些？基本上與賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同。連系動(dòng)詞seem, look之后還可用1)The question is whether we can rely on him

17、. 2)Thats because we were in need of money at that time.3)He looked as if he was going to cry.4)Thats why I was late.4) The trouble is that I lost his address. 二、表語(yǔ)從句as though (as if ) 。連接詞when / where / why / how / because that / whether / as if / as though (if不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)連接代詞who / whom / whose / which

18、 / what連接副詞由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系副詞 when, where, how, why 除在句子起 作用外，在從句中還充當(dāng) ， ， 或 狀語(yǔ)，本身具有詞義。連接時(shí)間地點(diǎn)方式原因例如：Go and get your coat. Its you left it. where去把雨衣拿來(lái)。就在你原來(lái)放的地方。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I got wet through. 我們既沒(méi)傘也沒(méi)雨衣，這是我們淋濕的原因。 -You see, Im poor in maths, you are not good at E

19、nglish, and -Thats we should help each other.A. when B. where C. how D. what表語(yǔ)從句注意點(diǎn) 1). 表語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序.語(yǔ)序:Thats why I was late. 2). 引導(dǎo)詞that無(wú)實(shí)際意義,但不能省略.e.g.: The trouble is that I have lost her address. 3).表語(yǔ)從句只能用whether,而不能用if 引導(dǎo).e.g.: The question is whether we can rely on him. 表語(yǔ)從句注意點(diǎn) 4). 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reaso

20、n時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句用that, 不用because. 要用The reason is thatThe reason for sth is thatThe reason (why + 句子)is that 或 This / it /that/ is because等句型.e.g. The reason for his absence was that he was ill. 例如: 今天早上他遲到的原因是因?yàn)槁飞闲腥颂?1)The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on th

21、e road.2)The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.3)He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在：在賓語(yǔ)從句中 謂語(yǔ)建議：suggest, advice, propose, 要求：demand, request, require, ask 命令：order, command堅(jiān)持：insist e.g.: I suggest

22、that you (should) be there on time. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在表語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ) 建議：suggestion / advice 要求：requirement / demand 命令：order, commande.g.: Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.試區(qū)分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is this the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?(表從)(定從)(定從

23、)回顧與練習(xí)b. 表語(yǔ)從句d. 介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句e. whether to do 做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)f. 與 or not 連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一.if和whether的選用賓語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)從句中不能使用if 的情況:1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ or not he is well.4. The question is _ he should do it.5. I havent decided _ to go there.if / whetherwhetherwheth

24、erwhetherwhetherExercise 1 if / whetherHe said the text was very important and we should learn it by heart.2. My worry is that he can get there on time.3. The reason why he failed was because he hadnt studied hard.4. What we need are time.5. Here are two books. You can take whatever you want.isthatw

25、hetherthatwhicheverExercises 改錯(cuò)用賓語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句翻譯下列句子。 1. 老師說(shuō)月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。 The teacher said (that) the moon goes around the earth.2. 他們都在擔(dān)心是否能按時(shí)到達(dá)那里。 They are all worrying about whether they can get there on time.3. 我覺(jué)得他們按時(shí)完成自己的任務(wù)是很重要的。 I think it is important for them to finish their own task on time.4. 問(wèn)題是這本

26、書(shū)是否有讀的價(jià)值。 The question is whether the book is worth reading.5. 我不知道湯姆今天早上為什么沒(méi)來(lái)。 I dont know why Tom didnt come this morning.6. 我的意見(jiàn)是你不應(yīng)單獨(dú)前往。 My opinion is that you should not go alone. 7. 那是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有理解我。 Thats because he didnt understand me.= The reason is that he did not understand me. 8. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出

27、發(fā)。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow morning. 1. He told me _ he would go to college the next year.2. I dont know _ there will be a bus.3. I really dont know _ you should depend on if you dont depend on your parents.用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，使下列賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句意思完整。that / 不填if / whetherwhom / who4. He d

28、idnt tell me _ he would come back from Shanghai next time.5. Let me know _ train youll be arriving on.6. Can you work out _ much we will spend during the trip?7. Make sure _ there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.when whichhowthat8. We think it necessary _ we take plenty of hot

29、 water every day.9. Tom is very lazy. That is _ he didnt pass the exam.10. This is _ we found the strange trees.11. My idea is _ we should all do our best to do everything well.thatwhywhere / howthat12. It looked _ he had understood this question.13. The reason why I was sad was _ he didnt understan

30、d me.14. His first question was _ Mr. Smith had arrived or not.15. We all find it important _ we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. thatas ifthatwhetherThe road is covered with snow. I cant understand _ they insist on going on motor-bike. (04)The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. (04)whywhat關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選擇 that4. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.