1、.：.； “傳統(tǒng)能源動(dòng)力安裝內(nèi)燃機(jī)高效利用替代燃料技術(shù)交流研討會(huì)日 程 表時(shí)間：2021年4月2日至3日 地點(diǎn)：B座三層多功能廳日期 活動(dòng)內(nèi)容報(bào)告者2021年4月2日上午9:0012:009:00 歡迎詞內(nèi)燃機(jī)運(yùn)用替代燃料的思索及幾點(diǎn)意見(jiàn)未來(lái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的替代燃料評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)Alternative Fuel Assessment for Future Engine Technologies10:00Tea Break 茶歇乘用車用點(diǎn)燃式M100甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)研發(fā)Research and Development of Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with Methanol for

2、 Passenger Car壓燃式內(nèi)燃機(jī)燃用M100甲醇技術(shù)研討The analysis on compression ignition internal combustion engine with M100 methanol technology中國(guó)內(nèi)燃機(jī)工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)中國(guó)內(nèi)燃機(jī)工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)Dr. Charles E. Roberts金先揚(yáng) 教授Mr Xian Yang Jin王天靈 博士Dr. Wang Tianling12:00Lunch 午餐 2021年4月2日下午13:3017:30壓燃式內(nèi)燃機(jī)甲醇/柴油組合熄滅的研討及運(yùn)用Application of Alcoholic Fuel Igni

3、ted by Diesel Spray to CI Engines二甲醚發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的研討與開(kāi)發(fā)Research and Development of DME Engines3:00 Tea Break 茶歇煤基低碳能源化工道路是中國(guó)替代能源的開(kāi)展方向(Coal-based low-carbon energy, chemical route is the development direction of Chinas alternative energy)甲醇燃料運(yùn)用平安性Safety Assessment of Using Methanol as an Alternative Fuel低排高效的天

4、然氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)技術(shù)Natural Gas Engine Technology for Low Emissions and High Efficiency姚春德 教授Dr. Prof. Chunde Yao劉圣華 教授 Prof. Liu Shenghua方德巍 教授Fang Dewei謝振華 高級(jí)工程師Zhenhua XieMr. Timothy J Callahan2021年4月3日上午8:3012:00生物柴油在車用內(nèi)燃機(jī)上的運(yùn)用The Application of Bio-diesel on Internal Combustion Engine for Vehicle生物柴油的運(yùn)用根底研討T

5、he Basic Research of Biodiesel Fuel氣體燃料特性及其內(nèi)燃機(jī)技術(shù)的討論Gas fuel characteristics and gas engine technology9:30 Tea Break 茶歇工程塑料在內(nèi)燃機(jī)燃油系統(tǒng)上的運(yùn)用Engineering thermoplastics applied in the modern fuel systems of internal combustion enginesF-T合成燃料在車用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上的運(yùn)用研討The Application Research of Fischer-Tropsch(F-T) Diesel

6、 Fuel on Vehicle Engine王建昕 教授Wang Jianxin王忠 教授Wang Zhong張欣 教授Xin ZhangMervyn Cox樓狄明教授LOU Diming 12:00Lunch 午餐 2021年4月3日下午13:3015:00生物柴油組分及與汽車匹配技術(shù)研討引見(jiàn)編制中國(guó)內(nèi)燃機(jī)工業(yè)“十二五開(kāi)展規(guī)劃的思緒，并就在規(guī)劃中由企業(yè)提供的開(kāi)展重點(diǎn)及重點(diǎn)工程，提出詳細(xì)要求及進(jìn)度安排。李理光中國(guó)內(nèi)燃機(jī)工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì) “傳統(tǒng)能源動(dòng)力安裝內(nèi)燃機(jī)高效利用替代燃料技術(shù)交流研討會(huì)專題報(bào)告摘要匯總一、中國(guó)內(nèi)燃機(jī)工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)內(nèi)燃機(jī)運(yùn)用替代燃料的思索及幾點(diǎn)意見(jiàn)二、美國(guó)西南研討院Southwest R

7、esearch Institute1、未來(lái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的替代燃料評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)Alternative Fuel Assessment for Future Engine TechnologiesDr. Charles E. RobertsThis presentation discusses the potential for use of various alternative fuels for future engine applications. The presentation recognizes the differences in selection of alternative fuel

8、s depending upon goals based upon potential CO2 regulations, petroleum independence, and energy efficiency. For example, the U.S. has increased the use of ethanol as an alternative fuel for the last several years, based upon a desire to reduce petroleum requirements. This strategy has been successfu

9、l in meeting its goal. However, the well-to-wheels energy-cost for use of ethanol is worse than that for petroleum. Hence, the outcome is that energy inefficiency has been accepted to reduce petroleum consumption. In an effort to improve the fuel economy and range of ethanol-fueled vehicles, SwRI ha

10、s developed cooled-EGR technology for ethanol- or flex-fuel engines, thus meeting the goal of reduced petroleum use while simultaneously meeting the fuel economy and range demands of an ethanol powered vehicle. Similarly, proposed CO2 regulations might be addressed through alternative fuels, such as

11、 natural gas, ethanol and methanol. This study includes analysis of the CO2 reduction potential for the alternative fuels, but also addresses the efficiency and energy cost for each fuel. The presentation culminates in a selection and rating chart for alternative fuels based upon different goals tha

12、t may be required for future markets.本報(bào)告針對(duì)各種替代燃料在未來(lái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上的運(yùn)用潛力進(jìn)展討論。由于CO2排放法規(guī)、石油資源自主性和能源效率的不同，各國(guó)對(duì)于替代燃料的選擇亦會(huì)不同。比如，美國(guó)在過(guò)去幾年中不斷添加對(duì)乙醇代用燃料的運(yùn)用，希望藉此降低對(duì)石油的需求。這一舉措雖然勝利地滿足了這一目的，但用于汽車工業(yè)的乙醇燃油本錢卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于石油。由此導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是，為降低石油耗費(fèi)，人們不得不接受能源效率低下的現(xiàn)實(shí)。美國(guó)西南研討院開(kāi)發(fā)的用于乙醇或其它混合燃料的冷卻EGR技術(shù)，不但可以有效減少對(duì)石油燃料的運(yùn)用，同時(shí)也能很好地滿足乙醇或其它動(dòng)力車輛的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性和工況范圍要求。替代

13、燃料如天然氣、乙醇、甲醇的運(yùn)用將能夠成為實(shí)現(xiàn)CO2排放法規(guī)的更有效途徑；為此，本報(bào)告添加了對(duì)替代燃料降低CO2排放潛力的分析，以及各種替代燃料的燃效和本錢方面的內(nèi)容。報(bào)告中的高潮部分還根據(jù)未來(lái)市場(chǎng)的不同需求目的，給出了各種替代燃料的選擇評(píng)價(jià)圖。2、低排高效的天然氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)技術(shù)Natural Gas Engine Technology for Low Emissions and High EfficiencyMr. Timothy J CallahanThis presentation will discuss technology for natural gas engines that ena

14、ble them to achieve low emission while maintaining high efficiency. As an alternative to petroleum derived fuels, natural gas has several desirable characteristics:本報(bào)告就各種天然氣技術(shù)進(jìn)展討論，在實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)低排放的同時(shí)，依然堅(jiān)持較高的熄滅效率。作為對(duì)動(dòng)力石油的替代燃料，天然氣具有如下優(yōu)勢(shì)特點(diǎn)：favorable CO2 emissions due to its high hydrogen-to-carbon rationear z

15、ero particulate emissionsabundantly available with favorable pricinghigh octane number (resistance to knock)wide range of flammability二氧化碳排放較低 高氫碳比顆粒排放幾乎為零資源豐富，價(jià)錢低廉高辛烷值抗爆震可燃性好In the United States (and elsewhere), heavy-duty natural gas engines have been widely used in fleet operations in regions wit

16、h poor ambient air quality. As emission regulations have become increasingly restrictive, diesel engine emission levels are approaching those of natural gas engines. However, the diesel engines require expensive aftertreatment and engine combustion strategies that lead to higher specific fuel consum

17、ption. With the appropriate technologies, the performance and emissions of gas engines can exceed the diesel engine or other alternatively fuelled engines. 在美國(guó)和其它地域一些環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量惡劣的地域，重型天然氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)已被廣泛運(yùn)用于汽車運(yùn)輸業(yè)。隨著排放法規(guī)的日益嚴(yán)厲，柴油機(jī)的排放程度逐漸接近天然氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。但是，柴油機(jī)需求用到昂貴的后處置安裝，且各種熄滅戰(zhàn)略的運(yùn)用直接導(dǎo)致燃油耗添加。假設(shè)可以采用適當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)，氣體發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的性能和排放完全可以超越柴油

18、機(jī)或其它替代燃料發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。In addition to low emissions, natural gas can also be used as a petroleum fuel substitute or extender as in the case of dual fuel engines. Two dual fuel engine scenarios are common. The first scenario is a dedicated dual fuel engine in which a small diesel pilot injection is used to igni

19、te the natural gas air charge and the ratio of pilot energy to natural gas energy is about 1:100. In the second scenario, full diesel engine capability is retained and natural gas is used to replace the equivalent diesel energy. That is as natural gas is added to the combustion mixture, the equivale

20、nt energy of diesel fuel is removed. In this case the percentage of natural gas substitution ranges from 15-85 percent. 除排放低外，天然氣可以替代石油燃料，或作為雙燃料發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的混合添加物?，F(xiàn)有兩種雙燃料發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)比較普遍。第一種是專門的雙燃料發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，只預(yù)噴少量的柴油用于引燃天然氣，預(yù)噴的柴油與天然氣的能量比約為1:100。第二種雙燃料發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)那么保管了全部的柴油機(jī)性能，但用天然氣替代具有等效能量的柴油。即，將天然氣添加到熄滅混合物的同時(shí)，釋放具有等效能量的柴油。這種情況下天然氣對(duì)柴

21、油的替代比率在15-85%Technologies discussed include the ignition of lean burn and stoichiometric mixtures, exhaust aftertreatment, fuel system, and combustion strategies for dedicated natural gas engines and dual fuel engines.本報(bào)告所討論的各項(xiàng)技術(shù)包括：針對(duì)單燃料和雙燃料天然氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的稀薄熄滅及當(dāng)量混合熄滅點(diǎn)火技術(shù)、排氣后處置技術(shù)、燃料系統(tǒng)及熄滅戰(zhàn)略。三、上海華普汽車Shanghai M

22、aple Automobile Co., Ltd.乘用車用點(diǎn)燃式M100甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)研發(fā)Research and Development of Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with Methanol for Passenger Car金先揚(yáng)Mr Xian Yang Jin以點(diǎn)燃式內(nèi)燃機(jī)為根底，全新開(kāi)發(fā)點(diǎn)燃式M100甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。該技術(shù)采用集成式電噴控制技術(shù)，使點(diǎn)燃式M100甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)具有較高的靈敏性。產(chǎn)業(yè)化后的點(diǎn)燃式M100甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力性將優(yōu)于同型號(hào)汽油機(jī)，燃料經(jīng)濟(jì)性優(yōu)勢(shì)顯著，搭載整車后的排放程度優(yōu)于國(guó)，到達(dá)歐規(guī)范，有效處理高比例甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的腐蝕、摩擦、磨損，極大的

23、提高發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的壽命。Based on spark-ignition engine, we have researched and developed 100% methanol fuel engine, which is highly practical and very flexible to use integrated electronic dual-fuel injection technology. The performances of Spark-ignition methanol engine have exceeded the ones of gasoline engine f

24、or the same types: better economy(methanol is more cheaper than gasoline), higher efficiency, remarkably reduced exhaust emissions (standard Euro ), longer service life and so on.四、道依茨一汽大連柴油機(jī)DEUTZ Dalian Diesel Engine Co,Ltd.壓燃式內(nèi)燃機(jī)燃用M100甲醇技術(shù)研討The analysis on compression ignition internal combustion

25、engine with M100 methanol technology王天靈 博士Dr. Wang Tianling隨著我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的日益開(kāi)展，石油燃料的能源短缺日益突出，局域市場(chǎng)特別是在我國(guó)煤三角地域，重型甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)將被日益廣泛地運(yùn)用于汽車運(yùn)輸業(yè)。本報(bào)告針對(duì)壓燃式內(nèi)燃機(jī)燃用M100甲醇技術(shù)在我國(guó)的運(yùn)用空間、存在問(wèn)題、采用的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和運(yùn)用支持環(huán)境進(jìn)展了討論和分析，經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)熄滅系統(tǒng)、燃料供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)、進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)和后處置系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化匹配與控制，論述實(shí)現(xiàn)甲醇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的 清潔高效熄滅的可行性。 報(bào)告所討論的技術(shù)包括：動(dòng)力性、燃料經(jīng)濟(jì)性、排放的優(yōu)化和控制、零部件的腐蝕性、溶脹性的分析和控制；冷啟動(dòng)的控制等戰(zhàn)略。A

26、long with our national economic development, petroleum as fuel is in short supply, especially on coal production area, we predict that heavy duty methanol engine will increasingly use on transportation. This presentation has discussed and analyzed towards compression ignition internal combustion eng

27、ine on applications scope, problems, major technologies adoption and application environment; also discussed on feasibility of clean and high effect combustion through optimization and control toward combustion system, fuel feeding system, gas intake system and after-treatment system. Discussed tech

28、nologies included, power performance, fuel economy, emission optimization and control, parts corrosiveness, swelling analysis and control; control of cold start etc.五、天津大學(xué)內(nèi)燃機(jī)熄滅學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University壓燃式內(nèi)燃機(jī)甲醇/柴油組合熄滅的研討及運(yùn)用Application of Alcoholic Fuel Ignited by Die

29、sel Spray to CI Engines姚春德 博士 教授Dr. Prof. Chunde Yao本報(bào)告引見(jiàn)柴油引燃醇類燃料在壓燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上的研討和運(yùn)用。為減少柴油的耗費(fèi)，針對(duì)醇類燃料著火性差的特點(diǎn)，天津大學(xué)開(kāi)發(fā)的采用柴油/醇雙燃料方法勝利地實(shí)現(xiàn)了在壓燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上運(yùn)用。研討結(jié)果闡明，該方法同時(shí)適于甲醇和乙醇兩種醇類燃料。采用該方法的車輛經(jīng)數(shù)萬(wàn)公里道路實(shí)驗(yàn)考核，甲醇替代柴油的比例20%，交換等熱值柴油所需甲醇遠(yuǎn)低于實(shí)際值，具有很大的節(jié)能優(yōu)勢(shì)。經(jīng)排放檢測(cè)闡明，在柴油機(jī)采用機(jī)械式燃油放射系統(tǒng)條件下，僅采用氧化催化轉(zhuǎn)化器便可使其排放程度由國(guó)2提升到國(guó)3。本報(bào)告還就甲醇和乙醇對(duì)柴油著火的機(jī)理做了簡(jiǎn)

30、單的引見(jiàn)。對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)采用醇/柴油組合熄滅方式降低CO2排放潛力的進(jìn)展了分析，并就采用甲醇/柴油組合熄滅的運(yùn)輸本錢做了簡(jiǎn)單分析。This report presents the results for the application of alcoholic fuel ignited by diesel spray to Compression Ignition engines. In order to reduce diesel fuel consumption, a novel combustion mode called as DMCC (Diesel Methanol Compound C

31、ombustion ) was developed by Tianjin University for solving the problem of difficult self ignition of alcoholic fuel. The test results illustrated that the mode could be used to both methanol and ethanol. The vehicles equipped with those engines in the mode had run longer than several ten thousands

32、kilometer, which showed that the diesel fuel substituted by methanol more than 20% and the diesel fuel substituted by methanol at much less than theoretic calorific value. The road tests indicate the mode with great potential of energy saving. In addition, the emission level of engines with the mode

33、 could be upgraded to higher one even the engine with mechanical fuel injection system and simple oxide catalyst. Meanwhile, the report also revealed the mechanism of ignition of diesel fuel in the hot alcoholic ambient. Again, the potential to decrease CO2 emission was analyzed for the engine with

34、the combustion mode as well as to reduce the cost of transportation. 六、美國(guó)泰科納公司Ticona工程塑料在內(nèi)燃機(jī)燃油系統(tǒng)上的運(yùn)用Engineering thermoplastics applied in the modern fuel systems of internal combustion engines Mervyn Cox, POM ManagerThis presentation provides an insight to Ticona, the manufacturer of engineering the

35、rmoplastic resins with experience gained from over 50 years in the automotive industry. 本報(bào)告泰科納公司 全球知名的工程塑料消費(fèi)商，在汽車行業(yè)擁有50多年豐富閱歷。Fuel technology is a very diverse field with a host of alternative fuel types now available to the industry, flex fuels - Ethanol & Methanol based, natural gas, diesel, bio d

36、erivatives and Hydrogen to name a few. 燃料技術(shù)是一個(gè)飛速開(kāi)展的領(lǐng)域，如今在該行業(yè)相繼誕生了許多可替代燃料，如基于乙醇和甲醇的混合燃料、天然氣、柴油、各種生物衍生物以及氫能源等。The presentation will explore which engineering thermoplastic materials are capable of supporting the extremely harsh environments of both todays and tomorrows fuel types. It will also guide y

37、ou through the innovations in engineering thermoplastic materials that have supported the changes in fuel system technology regardless of fuel type to gain the competitive edge. 本報(bào)告將討論哪些塑料可以順應(yīng)目前以及未來(lái)各種燃料極其苛刻的任務(wù)環(huán)境。 經(jīng)過(guò)這個(gè)報(bào)告，大家將了解工程塑料界的創(chuàng)新歷程，這些創(chuàng)新在很大程度上促進(jìn)了汽車燃油系統(tǒng)技術(shù)的開(kāi)展。無(wú)論是哪種燃料，資料的創(chuàng)新都能為您帶來(lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。七、西安交通大學(xué) Xian J

38、iaotong University二甲醚發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的研討與開(kāi)發(fā) Research and Development of DME Engines 劉圣華教授 Prof. Liu Shenghua思索到我國(guó)的石油儲(chǔ)量、產(chǎn)量、進(jìn)口和經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)展對(duì)石油的需求，大力開(kāi)展石油替代和提高內(nèi)燃機(jī)的效率對(duì)緩解石油緊張，實(shí)現(xiàn)能源多樣化和可繼續(xù)開(kāi)展具有重要意義。二甲醚燃料具有沸點(diǎn)低、十六烷值高的特點(diǎn)，適宜壓燃發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，主要存在的問(wèn)題是易氣化、光滑性差，需求對(duì)燃料供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)展全新的設(shè)計(jì)。由于二甲醚高含氧，熄滅無(wú)顆粒排放，易于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)采用EGR降低NOx排放。西安交大開(kāi)展二甲醚均質(zhì)壓燃和直噴壓燃兩種熄滅方式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的研討，闡明二甲

39、醚特別適宜作為均質(zhì)壓燃發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的燃料，均質(zhì)壓燃二甲醚發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的空燃比、轉(zhuǎn)速以及負(fù)荷需求耦合聯(lián)動(dòng)，可以獲得理想的經(jīng)濟(jì)和排放特性。直噴壓燃柴油機(jī)燃用二甲醚后，其動(dòng)力性提高，經(jīng)濟(jì)性略有改善，對(duì)于自然吸氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的排放可以滿足國(guó)、增壓帶EGR可以滿足國(guó)排放規(guī)范。進(jìn)一步利用二甲醚的燃料特性，采用深度EGR，二甲醚發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的排放可以采用類似汽油機(jī)三效催化反響器，使排放滿足更高排放規(guī)范。In consideration of the petroleum deposit, production, import and requirement of the development of our economy, imp

40、roving fuel efficiency as well as applying alternative fuels are two big ways to deal with the shortage of petroleum based fuels, so that multiple fuel policy and sustainable development can be achieved. Dimethyl Ether (DME) is a kind of alternative fuel for compression ignition engines with lower b

41、oiling temperature and high enough octane number. The problems are lower lubricity and easier evaporating, which needs a new design fuel system. Due to its higher oxygen content, no smoke combustion is quite suitable for EGR to reduce DME engine NOx formation and emission.Much research activities ha

42、ve carried out to study DME as engine clean alternative fuel in Xian Jiaotong University. DME is the best fuel for HCCI engine; the engine can run under joint control of A/F, speed and power with a good economy and low emissions. For a natural aspired direct injection compression ignition engine to

43、run on DME, the engine emissions can easily to meet EURO , and for a TC DME engine, its emission can meet EURO standards with help of EGR, while the DME engines have a better power performance and equivalence fuel economy compared with their original diesel engines. To take the advantage of DME, dee

44、p EGR studies show that the DI CI DME engine can run under stoichiometric A/F ratio, so that three-way catalyst converter can be utilized to further emission regulations like gasoline engines.八、清華大學(xué)，汽車平安與節(jié)能國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automobile Safety and Energy生物柴油在車用內(nèi)燃機(jī)上的運(yùn)用

45、The Application of Bio-diesel on Internal Combustion Engine for Vehicle王建昕Wang Jianxin簡(jiǎn)要引見(jiàn)了生物柴油目前在中國(guó)的消費(fèi)現(xiàn)狀和能夠利用的資源情況。基于實(shí)驗(yàn)研討結(jié)果分析了柴油中低比例摻混生物柴油時(shí)對(duì)柴油機(jī)性能的影響、生物柴油的非常規(guī)排放特性、以及高比例摻混生物柴油時(shí)大幅度降低柴油機(jī)微粒排放的效果以及不用后處置達(dá)國(guó)4排放的能夠性。最后提出了盡快在我國(guó)車用柴油機(jī)上推行運(yùn)用生物柴油的幾點(diǎn)建議。The current status and the possible resources of bio-diesel wer

46、e briefly presented in this paper. Based on the research of engine experiment, the effects of blending fuel with the low proportion of bio-diesel/diesel on diesel engine performance, the characteristics of unregulated emissions fuelling bio-diesel, as well as the achieved results of significant redu

47、ction of particulate matter on diesel engine fuelled with high proportion of bio-diesel/diesel and the possibility to meet Chinese 4th stage Emission regulation without after-treatment, were analyzed. Finally, some suggestions for the popularization and application of bio-diesel as soon as possible

48、on internal combustion engine for vehicle in China were put forward.九、江蘇大學(xué)JiangSu University生物柴油的運(yùn)用根底研討The Basic Research of Biodiesel Fuel王忠Wang Zhong2021年我國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)銷分別為9.10萬(wàn)輛和4.48萬(wàn)輛，成為全球汽車產(chǎn)銷第一大國(guó)。我國(guó)非道路用柴油機(jī)的總產(chǎn)量居全球第一，單缸柴油機(jī)年產(chǎn)量突破900萬(wàn)臺(tái)。2021年我國(guó)石油對(duì)外依存度到達(dá)52%，石油燃料的緊張?jiān)?jīng)要挾到我國(guó)的能源平安。此外，非道路用柴油機(jī)的NOx和PM排放已占柴油機(jī)排放總量的20%和

49、36%，應(yīng)該引起人們的注重，針對(duì)非道路用柴油機(jī)尾氣排放的問(wèn)題，美國(guó)EPA、美國(guó)加州空氣資源局CARB、歐盟EU、日本均制定了較嚴(yán)厲的非道路用柴油機(jī)排放法規(guī)。報(bào)告分為3個(gè)部分，第一部分引見(jiàn)了生物柴油的理化特性與燃料設(shè)計(jì)；第二部分引見(jiàn)了生物柴油的噴霧、熄滅過(guò)程研討情況；第三部分引見(jiàn)了生物柴油排放污染物常規(guī)與非常規(guī)的檢測(cè)與控制技術(shù)的研討。生物柴油是由動(dòng)植物油脂與醇例如甲醇或乙醇經(jīng)過(guò)酯交換反響制得的脂肪酸單烷基酯，最典型的為脂肪酸甲酯，生物柴油普通是由飽和脂肪酸甲酯C14:0C24:0和不飽和脂肪酸甲酯C16:1C22:1、C18:2、C18:3組成，不飽和脂肪酸甲酯中雙鍵的數(shù)量和位置對(duì)燃料十六烷值有

50、很大的影響。生物柴油是一種綠色、可再生清潔能源，具有閃點(diǎn)高，運(yùn)輸、儲(chǔ)存平安的特點(diǎn)，并能以恣意比例與石化柴油摻燒，有利于維持全球二氧化碳排放平衡，減輕溫室效應(yīng)。美國(guó)EPA研討結(jié)果闡明，燃用生物柴油BD100 可以使二氧化碳排放量降低78%，致癌物成分減少94%，生物柴油的降解速度是傳統(tǒng)柴油的四倍，是獨(dú)一勝利經(jīng)過(guò)排放測(cè)試的燃料。歐洲生物柴油主要運(yùn)用在公路運(yùn)輸、船舶航運(yùn)、農(nóng)業(yè)動(dòng)力、家庭取暖等，并且具有完善的市場(chǎng)鼓勵(lì)機(jī)制。我國(guó)的柴油機(jī)燃用BD5生物柴油的可靠性實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果闡明，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間燃用BD5生物柴油，性能不會(huì)出現(xiàn)惡化，零部件磨損與柴油根本一致。生物柴油整車排放結(jié)果闡明，按照15循環(huán)測(cè)試，生物柴油H

51、C、CO、PM排放下降幅度可達(dá)50%左右，僅有NOX排放上升5.8%。 報(bào)告引見(jiàn)了國(guó)內(nèi)外各高校、科研院所德國(guó)Stuttgart大學(xué)、美國(guó)Pennsylvania大學(xué)、英國(guó)Birmingham大學(xué)、美國(guó)Lawrence實(shí)驗(yàn)室、法國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)研討院在生物柴油根底實(shí)際領(lǐng)域的研討任務(wù)，重點(diǎn)引見(jiàn)了我國(guó)在生物柴油的分子構(gòu)造、燃料組分、十六烷值、密度、碘值、運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度、低溫流動(dòng)性、氧化安定性、噴霧、熄滅等領(lǐng)域所開(kāi)展的任務(wù)及成果。我國(guó)開(kāi)展生物柴油產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)有：本錢偏高、低溫流動(dòng)性較差、氧化安定性較差、NOx排放較高等。生物柴油低溫流動(dòng)性、氧化安定性等方面存在的問(wèn)題，可以經(jīng)過(guò)技術(shù)手段處理，NOX排放可以降低

52、到礦物柴油的程度，并可以減輕二氧化碳排放。在生物柴油制備過(guò)程中，采用低飽和度原料油或較長(zhǎng)鏈或支鏈醇，可以獲得良好的低溫流動(dòng)性；在生物柴油運(yùn)用過(guò)程中，添加低溫改良劑也可以有效改善生物柴油的低溫流動(dòng)性。添加BHA、BHT、TBHQ等抗氧化劑可以顯著提高生物柴油的氧化安定性。采用過(guò)氧化法、抗氧化法、微乳化法對(duì)生物柴油進(jìn)展燃料的重新設(shè)計(jì)，可以將生物柴油NOX排放降低到超低硫柴油的程度。生物柴油可以在國(guó)、國(guó)柴油機(jī)上長(zhǎng)期燃用，柴油機(jī)性能與熄滅礦物柴油的性能一樣，具有滿足國(guó)排放規(guī)范的潛力，但需求開(kāi)發(fā)相應(yīng)的燃料管理、排放控制系統(tǒng)。礦物柴油與生物柴油的非常規(guī)排放污染物也同樣引起了人們的注重，美國(guó)環(huán)境維護(hù)署EPA

53、、歐洲化學(xué)品管理署ECHA等紛紛制定法規(guī)限制柴油機(jī)的非常規(guī)排放污染物。我國(guó)的也有一些檢測(cè)和限制規(guī)范。報(bào)告還引見(jiàn)了生物柴油與礦物柴油非常規(guī)排放污染物的研討情況。研討結(jié)果闡明，生物柴油BD100的羰基類污染物低于礦物柴油BD0?？傯驶欧臖D0 BD50BD100；苯系物排放BD0BD50BD100；總單環(huán)芳香烴排放MAHsBD0BD50BD100。我國(guó)幅員遼闊，開(kāi)展生物柴油產(chǎn)業(yè)有利于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品深加工，提高土地利用率，添加農(nóng)民收入，緩解我國(guó)能源短缺的現(xiàn)狀。非道路柴油機(jī)挪動(dòng)范圍小，生物柴油存儲(chǔ)、添加方便，來(lái)源豐富；減少運(yùn)輸本錢，有利于環(huán)境維護(hù)；燃料走漏對(duì)土壤、河流、海洋不會(huì)呵斥污染；在農(nóng)業(yè)、林業(yè)、湖泊、

54、海洋用的動(dòng)力機(jī)械有廣泛運(yùn)用前景。生物柴油的根底研討領(lǐng)域仍有許多任務(wù)需求開(kāi)展，污染物的生成機(jī)理、控制戰(zhàn)略、推行運(yùn)用等等。Chinas automobile production and sale were 13.791 million and 13.6448 million in 2021. It is the worlds automobile production and sale superpower, and Chinas non-road diesel engine production ranking first in the world. More importantly, Chi

55、nas oil dependency of import reached 52% in 2021, energy tensions becomes a great threat to national energy security. In addition, the NOx and PM emissions of non-road diesel engine have reached 20% and 36% of the total diesel engien emissions, which should cause peoples attention. U.S. EPA, Califor

56、nia Air Resources Board (CARB) and Japan have already developed more stringent non-road diesel engine emission regulations.This report is divided into three parts,the first part describes the physical and chemical properties of biodiesel. The second part describes the research situation of spray and

57、 combustion process. The third section describes the detection and emission control technology of the biodiesel emission pollutants (conventional and unconventional).Biodiesel is a kind of single-alkyl esters of fatty acids,which is produced from plant oils and animal fats with alcohol (such as meth

58、anol or ethanol) through the ester exchange reaction. Biodiesel is a green, renewable clean energy, with high flash point, storage security features, and it can be blended with fossil diesel fuel in any proportion. It is conducive to maintaining global carbon dioxide balance and reduce the greenhous

59、e effect.The results show that the carbon dioxide emissions reduce by 78% when the engine fueled with biodiesel (BD100), the degradation of biodiesel was four times faster than fossil diesel, and the biodiesel fuel is the only one which successfully passed the Clean Air Law emission test. Biodiesel

60、fuel is mainly used in road transport, shipping, agriculture, home heating in European. The reliability test of diesel engine fueled with BD5 biodiesel show that the engine can be fueled with BD5 biodiesel for a long time, and the performance will not deteriorate.In accordance with 15 cycle test, Th