1、專八語言學(xué)試題一Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof.aparticularIanguagetheEnglishIanguagehumanIanguagesingeneralthesystemofaparticularIanguageTheconsonantfinEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:.voiceless,bilabial,stopvoiceless,labiodental,fricativevoiced,bilabial,stopvoiced,labi

2、odental,fricativeTherearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffixedinthewordlearnedisknownasa(n).derivationalmorphemefreemorphemeinflectionalmorphemefreeformInthephrasestructureruleSNPVP,thearrowcanbereadas.isequaltoconsistsofhasgeneratesIboughtsomerosesIboughtsomeflowers.entailspresupposesisinco

3、nsistentwithissynonymouswithYsutteraneeinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof.X:Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight?Y:Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks?qualityquantityrelationmannerChangesinaIanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersoftheIanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,wordsandgrammatica

4、lrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.phrasessentencesmorphemesutterancesInaspeechcommunitypeoplehavesomethingincommonaIanguageoraparticularvarietyofIanguageandrulesforusingit.sociallylinguisticallyculturallypragmaticallyWhichofthemajormentalfunctionslistedbelowisnotunderthecontrolofthelefthemisph

5、ereinmostpeople?.languageandspeechvisualandspatialskillsreadingandwritinganalyticreasoningIngeneral,thestagebeginsroughlyinthesecondhalfofthechildssecondyear.babblingone-wordtwo-wordmultiword答案：1.C2.B3.C4.B5.A6.C7.C8.B9.B10.C專八語言學(xué)試題二ThefamousquotationfromShakespearesplay“RomeoaodJbyeanyolhejAiamewou

6、ldsmellassweet?wellillustrates.()theconventionalnatureofIanguagethecreativenatureofIanguagetheuniversalityofIanguagethebigdiffereneebetweenhumanIanguageandanimalcommunication2.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,onlyispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.()kiblbkililkbilbkThesentencethathas

7、aNPandaVPcanbeshowninaformulaSNPVP.()hierarchicallineartreediagramvertical4.ItistheonCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.()CaseConditionparameterAdjacentConditionAdjacentParameterPredicationanalysisisawaytoanalyzemeaning.phonemewordphrasesentenceAc

8、cordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled.()commisivesdirectivesexpressivesdeclarativesThetermlinguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudiesIanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.synchronicdi

9、achroniccomparativehistoricalcomparativeThewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,andkinterm.title+firstnametitle+titletitlealonefirstname+lastname+titleLanguagean

10、dthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.WhenIanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtassubvocalspeech,andspeechas.()vocalthoughtsubvocalthoughtcovertthoughtovertthoughtWhcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildIanguageacquisiti

11、on?.()LanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformationLanguageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquireIanguageHumansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforIanguageandIanguageuse答案1.A2.A3.B4.C5.DA7.B8.C9.D10.A專八語言學(xué)試題三1.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodes

12、cribeandanalyzetheIanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesforcorrectlinguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe.prescriptivesociolinguisticdescriptivepsycholinguistic2.Ofallthespeechorgans,theis/arethemostflexible.mouthlipstonguevocalcordsThemorphemevisioninthecommonwordtelevisionisa(n).boundmorphemebound

13、forminflectionalmorphemefreemorphemeAintheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.coordinatorparticleprepositionsubordinatorCanIborrowyourbike?Youhaveabike.issynonymouswithisinconsistentwithentailspresupposesThebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencestheway

14、speakersinterpretsentencesiscalled.semanticspragmaticssociolinguisticspsycholinguisticsGrammaticalchangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,whichareorgeneralization.elaborationsimplificationexternalborrowinginternalborrowingreferstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsandstraightforwardgrammatical

15、rules,usedasamediumofcommunication.LinguafrancaCreolePidginStandardIanguagePsychologists,neurologistsandlinguistshaveconcludedthat,inadditiontothemotorareawhichisresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances,threeareasoftheleftbrainarevitaltoIanguage,namely,.Brocasarea,Wernickesareaandtheangulargyr

16、usBrocasarea,WernickesareaandcerebralcortexBrocasarea,WernickesareaandneuronsBrocasarea,WernickesareaandExnersarealO.AccordingtoKrashen,referstothegradualandsubconciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstIanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.learningcompeteneeperformaneeacquisition答案1.C

17、2.C3.D4.D5.D6.B7.B8.C9.A10.D專八語言學(xué)試題四Thepairofwords“l(fā)end”and“borrow”are.()gradableoppositesrelationaloppositesco-hyponymssynonymsThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanIanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar.()JacobGrimmRasmusRaskFranzBoppSirWilliamJonesAlinguistregardsthechangesinIanguageandIanguageus

18、eas_.()unusualsomethingtobefearedabnormalnatural_producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.()BrocasaphasicThelinguisticdeprivationThedamageontheangulargyrusWernickesaphasic5.SomeSouthern

19、learnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”aslight”.Thisshows:.()Theycannotpronounce/n/lnterlangueinterfereneebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongueTheteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethodTheydonotliketopronouncenasalsoundsAwordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled_worD.()apolysemousasynonymousanabnormal

20、amultipleThefunctionofthesentenceniceday“Antit?”is_.()informativephaticdirectiveperformativeThemostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein_andvocabulary.。usagegrammarpronunciationstructure_dealswiththewayinwhichaIanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.()Linguisticgeography

21、LexicologyLexicographySociolinguisticsThesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas_.()+animate,+male,+human,-adult+animate,+male,+human,+adult+animate,-male,+human,-adult+animate,-male,+human,+adult答案1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.A10.B專八語言學(xué)試題五Tickoffthecorrectorthebestpossibleanswers:Oneoft

22、hepropertiesofIanguageisthataIanguageusercanunderstandandproducesentenceshe/shehasneverheardbefore.ThispropertyofIanguageiscalled.dualityproductivitydisplacementarbitraryKey:BThefunctionreferstothefactthatIanguagecanbeusedforestablishingafavorableatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanforexch

23、anginginformationorideas.phaticdirectiveevocativeperformativeKey:AFromafunctionalapproach,themeaningofaIanguageuseconsistsofwhatiscommunicatedofthefeelingsandattitudesofthespeaker/writer.affectiveassociativestylisticcollocativeKey:AWhen-inginganglingisremovedtogetaverbgangle,wecallthiswayofcreatingw

24、ordssuffixationback-formationblendingacronymyKey:Breferstotheprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningstopositionsofimportanee.DegradationSpecializationElevationExtensionKey:CAsweknow,everyspeakerhashisownpetwordsandexpressionsandspecialwayofexpressinghisideasinIanguage.ThisIanguagevarietyofindivid

25、ualusersiscalled.idiolectregionaldialecttemporaldialectsocialdialectKey:AWhenpitch,stressandlengthvariationsaretiedtothesentenceratherthantotheword,onationtonephonemesentencestressKey:AreferstothechangeofasoundasaresultoftheinflueneeofanadjacentsounD.AdditionofsoundLoss

26、ofsoundMetathesisAssimilationKey:D9Basically,alltheIanguagesintheworldcanbeclassifiedintermsofIanguagefamily.VietnameseandKoreanaretwoIanguagesinthefamily.Indo-EuropeanSino-TibetanHamito-SemiticMalayo-PolynesianKey:B10AistheminimalcontrastiveunitinthewritingsystemofaIanguage.morphemephonemegraphemel

27、etterKey:CAllmono-morphemicwordsareconstitutedbyfreemorphemes,andthosepoly-morphemicwordswhichconsistwhollyoffreemorphemesarecalled.hyponymscompoundsblendsallomorphsKey:BTherequirementthattheformsoftwoormorewordsofspecificwordclasseswhichstandinspecificsyntacticrelationshipwithoneanothershallalsobec

28、haracterizedbythesameparadigmaticallymarkedcategoryorcategoriesiscalled.concordgovernmentrecursivenesscohesionKey:ATheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotheriscalled.blendingclippingacronymycompoundingKey:AThedistinctionoflinguisticpotentialandactuallinguisticbehaviori

29、sproposedby.N.ChomskyF.deSaussureM.A.HallidayJ.AustinKey:CThewordmeaninggiveninthedictionaryiscalledmeaning.denotativeconnotativecollectivestylisticKey:AWhenweconsiderthevariationrelatingtowhatauseristryingtodowithIanguage,wearedealingwithaddresseerelationship-continuallycategorizedas.tenorofdiscour

30、semodeofdiscoursefieldofdiscourseidiolectKey:AAccordingtowordsstructures,TurkishisatypicalIanguage.isolatingfusionalanalyticagglutinativeKey:Drefertothefactthatonetypeofutteraneeistypicallyfollowedbyaspecialtypeofutteranee.MinimalpairsIllocutionaryactsSocialdialectsAdjacencypairsKey:DTherelationbetw

31、eendeadandaliveislabeledas.gradabilitycomplementarityhyponymyhomonymyKey:BThewordsencoreandaupairareloanwordsfrom.FrenchGermanItalianSpanishKey:AThedistinctionofIangueandparoleisproposedby.a.N.ChomskyF.deSaussureM.A.HallidayJ.AustinKey:b22Whichofthefollowingistheexceptiontothefeatureofarbitrarinesso

32、fIanguagea.nativeEnglishwordsborrowedwordsechoicwordsone-syllablewordsKey:cWhichofthefollowingfeaturecannotbeusedtodescribethephonesa.voicelessoralalveolarlateralKey:dIntermsofplaceofarticulation,thetwoconsonantsf,vare.a.dentalalveolarpalatallabiodentalKey:dIntermsofmannerofarticulation,thesoundsp,b

33、,t,d,k,gare.a.affricatesfricativesbilabialoralstopsKey:dWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutallophoneisNOTcorrecta.AllophonesaredifferentformsofthesamephonemeAllophonesofthesamephonemeareincomplementarydistribution.Allophonesdistinguishmeaning.AllophonesareIanguagespecifiC.Key:cWhichofthefollowingword

34、sisnotafreemorphemea.ablepetchangedustyKey:dHowmanymorphemesarethereintheworddischargeda.2TOC o 1-5 h z345Key:bWhichofthefollowingwordsismadeupofboundmorphemesonlya.happinesstelevisionecologyteacherKey:c30.Languageispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextbyteachingandlearningratherthanbyinstinet.Thisprop

35、ertyofIerchangeabilityproductivityculturaltransmissionarbitrarinessKey:cThefamousquotationfromShakespearesplayRomeoandJulietArosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweetwellillustrates.theconventionalnatureofIanguagethecreativenatureofIanguagetheuniversalityofIanguagethebigdiffereneebetweenhumanIang