1、UK Chapter 2How to give a presentation? (additional)Queen Elizabeth IWarm-upHow do you define Enclosure? What is the British Glorious Revolution? What is the historic significance of it? How to be a nice speaker? (feedback) Good preparations make a good start.Do avoid reading words or simply recitin

2、g what you have memorized. Never forget to make eye-contacts with your listeners!Stop briefly to catch your breath during the speech, by the way, making sure the listeners are following you. You may use body language if necessary.Elizabeth I (1533-1603)She was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Bol

3、eyn who was once the maid of Catherine, Henry VIIIs first wife. Her mother was executed by Henry VIII for not giving birth to a son. (adultery) Meanwhile she was declared to be illegitimate successor by her father.Her half-brother succeeded Henry VIII, known as Edward VI, but he died, only 15 years

4、old. Then her half-sister Mary became Queen and died in 1558.Finally Elizabeth became Queen of England at the age of 25 in 1558. Elizabeths StatecraftsIn terms of religious problems, her policy was moderation and not taking sides. In spite of her Protestant background, she tried to be inclusive foll

5、owing a middle course that satisfied all reasonable men. As a result, Catholics were not driven out of the Church of England. (social stability)She was able to keep her enemies quiet until her country was strong enough to defend itself.Her navy beat the Spanish Fleet (Armada) in the English Channel

6、and England thus established its supremacy over the sea.She sent explorers to circumnavigated the world and encouraged overseas colonial activities.(the East India Company & slave trade ) During her reign a colony in North America was set up and was named Virginia after their virgin queen. She promo

7、ted English literature. (e.g.William Shakespeare, The Dream of Mid-Summer Night.)Elizabeths MarriageElizabeth chose never to marry. If she had chosen a foreign prince, he would have drawn England into foreign policies for his own advantages (as in her sister Marys marriage to Philip of Spain).Marryi

8、ng a fellow countryman could have drawn the Queen into factional infighting. Elizabeth used her marriage prospects as a political tool in foreign and domestic policies.HobbiesShe was well-educated and fluent in six languages.She had a strong passion for calligraphyShe loved all kinds of sports, espe

9、cially horse riding and hunting.She loved music and dancing; she could even play virginals and lute with skill.Her Quotes“I may not be a lion, but I am a lions cub, and I have a lions heart.” “I have already joined myself in marriage to a husband, namely the kingdom of England.”“Better beggar woman

10、and single than Queen and married.” England Under the Tudors (1458-1603)The Tudor Monarchy was in the transitional stage from feudalism to capitalism. It was during the Tudor Monarchy that America was discovered and the Renaissance spread into England.It stimulated commercial and maritime enterprise

11、. (overseas exploration) Under it England rose to one of its highest points of power and influence!BUT it tolerated enclosures.EnclosureThe nobles and rich class turned the land in the countryside into private property. (common land + peasants land)Those enclosed lands were used for raising sheep an

12、d developing textile industry.Enclosures caused much poverty for the peasants and created a new class of landless labours and factory workers. It made a “nice” preparation for capitalism in terms of labour-force.Space TravelThe Bourgeois Revolution The bourgeoisie gained a lot more political powers over the nobles.The “Glorious Revolution” The Parliament gained huge powers and since then every English monarch rules by permission of Parliament. Industrial Revolution Agricultural and home-bas