1、同樣學(xué)力英語備考閱讀理解(含答案).同樣學(xué)力英語備考閱讀理解(含答案).9/9同樣學(xué)力英語備考閱讀理解(含答案).Passage1Properarrangementofclassroomspaceisimportanttoencouraginginteraction.Mostofushavenoticedhowimportantphysicalsettingistoefficiencyandcomfortinourwork.Todayscorporationhirehumanengineeringspecialistsandspendaconsiderableamountoftimeandmo

2、neytomakesurethatthephysicalenvironmentsofbuildingsarefittotheactivitiesoftheirinhabitants.Similarly,collegeclassroomspaceshouldbedesignedtoencouragetheactivityofcriticalthinking.Wearealreadyinthetwenty-firstcentury，butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears.Desksar

3、enormallyinstraightrows,sostudentscanclearlyseetheteacherbutnotalltheirclassmates.Thisassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious：Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher.Withalittleimaginationandeffort，unlessdesksarefixedtothefloor，theteachercancorrectthissituationandcreatespacethatencouragesinterc

4、hangeamongstudents.Insmallorstandardizedclasses，chairs，desks，andtablescanbearrangedinavarietyofways：circles，U-shapes，orsemicircles.Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse.Largerclasses，particularthoseheldinlecturehalls，unfortunately，allowmuchlessflexibility.Arrangementoftheclassro

5、omshouldalsomakeiteasytodividestudentsintosmallgroupsfordiscussionorproblem-solvingexercises.Smallclasseswithmovabledesksandtablespresentnoproblem.Eveninlargelecturehalls，itispossibleforstudentstoturnaroundandformgroupoffourtosix.Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidesmoreopportunitiesforstudentstoint

6、eractwitheachother，thinkoutloud，andseehowotherstudentsthinkingprocessesoperate-allssentialelementsindevelopingnewmodesofcriticalthinking.Incoursesthatregularlyuseasmallgroupformat，studentsmightbeaskedtostayinthesamesmallgroupsthroughoutthecourse.Acolleagueofmineallowsstudentstomovearoundduringthefir

7、sttwoweeks，untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Hethenasksthemtostayinthesameseat，withthesamegroup，fromthattimeon.Thisnotonlycreatesacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudentsnamesandfaces.Accordingtothepassage，properarrangementofphysicalenvironmentinacompany_.A.canimproveworkingc

8、onditionsB.leadstoanfriendlyatmosphereC.canpromoteworkingefficiencyD.produceanenergeticteamleaderDesksinstraightrowsinatraditionalclassroomimply_.A.theimportanceoffacialexpressionsB.groupworkisnotwelcomeinclassC.strictrulesthatmustbeabidedbyD.theabsoluteauthorityofteachers3.Themostimportantgoalofcla

9、ssroomarrangementisto_.A.createmorechancesofinteractionamongstudentsB.increasemorespeakingpracticesamongstudentsC.makeitpossibleforteacherstojudgehowwellstudentshavelearnedD.improvetherelationshipbetweenstudentsandteachersBydividingstudentsintosmallgroups，teachers_.A.finditeasiertohandlethein-classt

10、eachingB.canparticipateingroupworkconvenientlyC.helpdevelopstudentsabilitiesincriticalthinkingD.reinforcestudentsabilityincooperationandcommunicationItcanbeinferredthattheauthor_.A.criticizestheimportanceofteachersinclassB.stressestheimportanceofinteractionamongstudentsC.isreluctanttoteachinaclassro

11、ominthe21stcenturyD.iseagertoreformthedeskarrangementsinhiscollegePassage4Materialculturereferstowhatcanbeseen,held,felt,used-whatacultureproduces.Examiningaculturestoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthehistorygroupandwaysoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemus

12、icculture.Themostvividbodyofmaterialcultureinit,ofcourse,ismusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusicculturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofe

13、vidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturedinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostofthein

14、strumentsinthesymphonyorchestra.Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusicculturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,Britain,andAmerica.Printedversio

15、nslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusicand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusiccultureasawhole.Onemoreimportantpartofmusicsmaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceofthe

16、electronicmedia-radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,television,andvideocassette,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartoftheinformationrevolution,atwentieth-centuryphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutionwasinthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustli

17、mitedtomodemnations;theyhaveaffectedmusicculturesallovertheglobe.Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportancebecause_A.ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnologyB.itcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenationC.ithelpsunderstandthenationspastandpresentD.itcandemonstratethenationscivilization7.

18、Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat_A.theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEasternandChinesemusicB.NearEasternmusichadaninfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyOrchestraC.thedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEasternandWesternmusicD.themusicalinstrumentsin

19、thesymphonyorchestraweredevelopedonthebasisofNearEasternmusic8.Accordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause_A.ithasagreateffectonthemusiccultureasmoreandmorepeopleareabletoreaditB.ittendstostandardizefolksongswhenitisusedbyfolkmusiciansC.itistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusicD.itencour

20、agespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongsItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronicmediaintotheworldofmusic_A.hasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolutionB.hasspeededuptheappearanceofanewgenerationofcomputersC.hasgivenrisetonewformsofmusiccultureD.hasledtothetransformationoftradition

21、almusicalinstruments10.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?A.Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbereplacedbycomputers.B.Musiccannotbepassedontofuturegenerationsunlessitisrecorded.C.Folksongscannotbespreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets.D.Thedevelopme

22、ntofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterialaspect.Passage5Yourebusyfillingouttheapplicationformforapositionyoureallyneed.Letassumeyouonceactuallycompletedacoupleofyearsofcollegeworkoreventhatyoucompletedyourdegree.Isntittemptingtoliejustalittle,toclaimontheformthatyoursdiplomarepresentsaHarvardde

23、gree?OrthatyoufinishedanextracoupleofyearsbackatStateUniversity?Moreandmorepeopleareturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareers,forpersonnelofficers,likemostAmericans,valuedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanyway,butheorsheassumesthatchancesofbei

24、nghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuniversity.Registrarsatmostwell-knowncollegessaytheydealwithdeceitfulclaimsliketheseattherateofaboutoneperweek.Personnelofficersdocheckupondegreeslistedonapplicationforms,then.Ifitturnsoutthatanapplicantislying,mostcollegesarereluctanttoaccusetheapplicantdi

25、rectly.OneIvyLeagueschoolcallsthemimpostors(騙子);anotherreferstothemasspecialcases.Onewell-knownWestCoastschool,inperhapsthemostdelicatephraseofall,saysthattheseclaimsaremadebynosuchpeople.Toavoidoutright(完好的)lies,somejob-seekersclaimthattheyattendedorwereassociatedwithacollegeoruniversity.Aftercaref

26、ullychecking,apersonnelofficermaydiscoverthatattendingmeansbeingdismissedafteronesemester.Itmaybethatbeingassociatedwithacollegemeansthatthejob-seekervisitedhisyoungerbrotherforafootballweekend.Oneschoolthatkeepsrecordsoffalseclaimssaysthatthepracticedatesbackatleasttotheturnofthecenturythatswhenthe

27、ybegankeepingrecords,anyhow.Ifyoudontwanttolieorevenstretchthetruth,therearecompaniesthatwillsellyouaphonydiploma.Onecompany,withofficesinNewYorkandontheWestCoast,willputyournameonadiplomafromanynumberofnonexistentcolleges.ThepricebeginsataroundtwentydollarsforadiplomafromSmootStateUniversity.Thepri

28、cesincreaserapidlyforadegreefromtheUniversityofPurdue.AsthereisnoSmootStateandtherealschoolinIndianaisproperlycalledPurdueUniversity,thepricesseemratherhighforonesheetofpaper.11.Themainideaofthispassageisthat_A.employersarecheckingmorecloselyonapplicantsnowB.lyingaboutcollegedegreeshasbecomeawidespr

29、eadproblemC.collegedegreescannowbepurchasedeasilyD.employersarenolongerinterestedincollegedegreesAccordingtothepassage,specialeasesreferstocasesthat_A.studentsattendaschoolonlypart-timeB.studentsneverattendedaschooltheylistedontheirapplicationC.studentspurchasefalsedegreesfromcommercialfirmsD.studen

30、tsattendedafamousschool13.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_A.performanceisabetterjudgeofabilitythanacollegedegreeB.experienceisthebestteacherC.pastworkhistoriesinfluencepersonnelofficersmorethandegreesdoD.adegreefromafamousschoolenablesanapplicanttogainadvantageoverothersinjobcompetition14.Thispassageim

31、pliesthat_A.buyingafalsedegreeisnotmoralB.personnelofficersonlyconsiderapplicantsfromfamousschoolsC.mostpeoplelieonapplicationsbecausetheyweredismissedfromschoolD.societyshouldbegreatlyresponsibleforlyingonapplicationsThewordphony(Line13,Para.2)means_A.thoroughC.falseB.ultimateD.decisivePassage6Nobo

32、dyactuallywantstocauseoffencebut，asbusinessbecomesevermoreinternational，itisincreasinglyeasytogetitwrong.TheremaybeasingleEuropeanmarketbutitdoesnotmeanthatmanagersbehavethesameinGreeceastheydoinDenmark.InmanyEuropeancountrieshandshakingisanautomaticgesture.InFrancegoodmannersrequirethatonarrivingat

33、abusinessmeetingamanshouldshakehandswitheveryonepresent.Thiscanbeademandingtaskand，inacrowdedroom，mayrequiregymnastic(體育的)abilityifthefarthesthandistobereached.Handshakingisalmostaspopularinsomeothercountries，butNorthernEuropeans，suchastheBritishandScandinavians，arenotquitesofondofphysicaldemonstrat

34、ionsoffriendliness.InEuropethemostcommonchallengeisnotthecontentofthefood，butthewayyoubehaveasyoueat.Somethingsarejustnotdone.InFranceitisnotgoodmannerstoraisetrickyquestionsofbusinessoverthemaincourse.Businesshasitsplace：afterthecheesecourse.Unlessyouarepreparedtoeatinsilenceyouhavetotalkaboutsomet

35、hing-something，thatis，otherthanthebusinessdealwhichyouarecontinuallychewingoverinyourhead.InGermany，asyouwalksadlybacktoyourhotelroom，youmaywonderwhyyourapparentlyfriendlyhostshavenotinvitedyououtfortheevening.Dontworry，itisprobablynothingpersonal.Germansdonotentertainbusinesspeoplewithquitethesamee

36、nthusiasmassomeoftheirEuropeancounterparts.TheGermansarealsonotablefortheamountofformalitytheybringtobusiness.Asanoutsider，itisoftendifficulttoknowwhethercolleagueshavebeenworkingtogetherfor30yearsorhavejustmetinthelift.Ifyouareusedtocallingpeoplebytheirfirstnamesthiscanbealittlestrange.TotheGermans

37、，titlesareimportant.ForgettingthatsomeoneshouldbecalledHerrDoktororFrauDirektorinmightcauseseriousoffence.Itisequallyoffensivetocallthembyatitletheydonotpossess.InItalythequestionoftitleisfurtherconfusedbythefactthateveryonewithauniversitydegreecanbecalledDoctor-andengineers，lawyersandarchitectsmayalsoexpecttobecalledbytheirprofessionaltitles.Theseculturalchallengesexistsidebysidewiththeproblemsofdoingbusinessinaforeignlanguage.Language，ofcourse，isfullofdifficulties-disastermaybeonlyasyllableaway.Butthemoreyouknowoft