1、Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesWesel, 2008, Max MustermannPigment DispersionFlocculationFlocculatedDispersionDeflocculated Primary ParticlesAgglomerate9/13/2022, Page 2, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesDeflocculation - FlocculationRight: flocculatedLow glossPoor transparency/hidingHigh viscosityLef

2、t: deflocculatedHigh glossGood transparency/hidingLow viscosity9/13/2022, Page 3, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesDeflocculation - Flocculation9/13/2022, Page 4, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesPigments in ComparisonNon-polarLargeSmallOrganic PigmentPolarPolaritySmallSpecific surface areaLargePartic

3、le size Inorganic PigmentProperty9/13/2022, Page 5, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesPigment PropertiesColor / shadeHiding powerTransparency. can be achieved through complete pigment deflocculation9/13/2022, Page 6, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesColor Change due to FlocculationRedmore bluishBluemor

4、e greenish9/13/2022, Page 7, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesWetting and Dispersing Process2Dispersing1Wetting3Stabilization9/13/2022, Page 8, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesPigment WettingPhthalocyanine blue pigment in water:No (very slow) wetting.With wetting additive:Immediate wetting.9/13/2022,

5、 Page 9, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesTiO2 / Water+ dispersing additive (BYK-154)Pigment Stabilizationflocculateddeflocculated9/13/2022, Page 10, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesDispersing AdditivesElectrostatic stabilization9/13/2022, Page 11, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesWetting and Dispersi

6、ng AdditivesSteric stabilization9/13/2022, Page 12, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesPigment StabilizationCharge stabilizationEmulsionCharge / Steric stabilizationWater-reducibleSteric stabilizationSolvent-borneStabilization mechanismCoating system9/13/2022, Page 13, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesF

7、ormation of Bnard CellsHorizontal pigment separation: FloatingPigment separation due to differences in pigment mobilityPaint surfaceCrosssection9/13/2022, Page 14, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesFormation of Bnard Cells9/13/2022, Page 15, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesFormation of Bnard CellsResi

8、n solution with aluminum pigments9/13/2022, Page 16, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesFlooding & FloatingVertical pigment separation: FloodingUniform color in surfaceColor changes in deeper layers9/13/2022, Page 17, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesRub-up Test, Evaluation of Color DifferencesPigments

9、not stabilizedPigments stabilizedRubbed areaArea not rubbed9/13/2022, Page 18, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesRub-up TestPhthalocyanine Blue + TiO2Ironoxide Red + TiO2no additivewith additiveno additivewith additive9/13/2022, Page 19, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesWetting and Dispersing Additive

10、Technologies at BYKCPTEstablished technologiesControlled polymerization Fatty acid chemistry Phosphoric acid esters Polyurethanes Polyamino chemistry Polyacrylates PolyacrylatesStandard polymerization9/13/2022, Page 20, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesWetting and Dispersing Additives: Existing Chemi

11、striesFatty acid chemistryPolyesters, polyamine amides, Diels-Alder adducts, Phosphoric acid esters Polyester / polyether polymers, polyether polymersDeflocculatingControlledflocculating9/13/2022, Page 21, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesWetting and Dispersing Additives: Existing ChemistriesPolyuret

12、hane chemistryPolyether urethanes, polyester urethanesVarious pigment affinic groups 9/13/2022, Page 22, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesWetting and Dispersing Additives: Existing ChemistriesPolyamino chemistryPolyelectrolyte, Pancake structure“9/13/2022, Page 23, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesWet

13、ting and Dispersing Additives: Existing Chemistries: PolyacrylatesSynthesized by Free Radical Polymerization (FRP)No positioning of functionalities/polarities in polymer chainNo block copolymers or gradient polymersVery broad molecular weight distributionOnly random copolymers (statistic monomer dis

14、tribution)9/13/2022, Page 24, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesControlled PolymerizationBreakthrough in the design of new polymeric structuresCompletely new product properties with existing monomers (Meth)acrylates, styrenes, acrylonitriles, (meth)acrylamides Tailored polymer structures All solvents

15、usable All functional groups are possible Full chain length control9/13/2022, Page 25, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesControlled PolymerizationRandom copolymerGradient copolymer by CPTBlock copolymer by CPT9/13/2022, Page 26, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesWetting and Dispersing AdditivesDefloccul

16、atingControlledflocculating9/13/2022, Page 27, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesClassification23lower Molecular Weight higherlower Polarity higher19/13/2022, Page 28, Wetting and Dispersing Additives1: Lower Molecular Weight Additiveslower Molecular Weight higherlower Polarity higherBYK-P 104 SANTI-T

17、ERRA-203ANTI-TERRA-UDISPERBYK-130DeflocculatingControlled flocculatingSolvent-borne systemsANTI-TERRA-204BYKUMENDISPERBYKBYK-220 SDISPERBYK-1089/13/2022, Page 29, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesClassificationlower Molecular Weight higherlower Polarity higher132a9/13/2022, Page 30, Wetting and Dispe

18、rsing AdditivesChanges in the Paint Industry Pigments from inorganic to organic legislation (chrome and lead) optical reasons (brighter colors)Organic pigments are more difficult to deflocculate/stabilizePaint systems Higher solids, lower solvent contentMillbase viscosity (with organic pigments) oft

19、en too highNew type of additive required9/13/2022, Page 31, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesWetting and Dispersing AdditivesLower molecular weightHigher molecular weight9/13/2022, Page 32, Wetting and Dispersing Additives2a: Higher Molecular Weight Additiveslower Molecular Weight higherlower Polarit

20、y higherSolvent-borne systemsDeflocculatingDISPERBYK-161DISPERBYK-162/-168DISPERBYK-163/-167DISPERBYK-174DISPERBYK-164DISPERBYK-166DISPERBYK-170DISPERBYK-2150DISPERBYK-182DISPERBYK-2163/-21649/13/2022, Page 33, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesProduct CharacterizationDISPERBYK-163DISPERBYK-2163DISPER

21、BYK-167DISPERBYK-164DISPERBYK-2164Solids content45%45%52%60%60%SolventsXyleneButyl acetatePMA3/1/1XyleneButyl acetatePMA 3/1/1Butyl acetatePMA1/2Butyl acetateButyl acetatePMA 2/3Amine Value (mg KOH/g)1010131814Molecular weight25.00025.00025.00020.00025.0009/13/2022, Page 34, Wetting and Dispersing A

22、dditivesUsage of DISPERBYK-2163 and DISPERBYK-2164DISPERBYK-2163 as a direct offset to DISPERBYK-163 Same solids content Identical solvent compositionDISPERBYK-2164 as an offset for DISPERBYK-163 if customer Wants to change to HAPS-free system Decides to use higher solids wetting & dispersing additi

23、veDISPERBYK-2164 as an offset for DISPERBYK-164 Same solids contentDISPERBYK-2164 as an offset for DISPERBYK-167 Higher solids (60% compared to 52%)9/13/2022, Page 35, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesSet-up for Charge MeasurementPower Supply0-60 V DCGap: 0,7-0,9 mmGlass plateCopper tape9/13/2022, Pa

24、ge 36, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesPigment ChargePigment dispersion without wetting and dispersing additive flocculated negative charge9/13/2022, Page 37, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesPigment ChargePigment dispersion with high molecular weight wetting and dispersing additive deflocculated pos

25、itive charge9/13/2022, Page 38, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesMixing Stabilized and Non-stabilized PaintsRed pigment: stabilizedWhite pigment:Not stabilizedFlocculationwhen mixed9/13/2022, Page 39, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesBoth Paints Stabilized: No FlocculationRed pigment: stabilizedWhite

26、pigment:stabilizedNo flocculationwhen mixed9/13/2022, Page 40, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesPigment Concentrates: Additive RecommendationsHigh qualityindustrialGeneralindustrialWood andfurnitureArchitecturalGrinding resin:AcrylicAcrylic,AldehydeShort oil alkyd,Acrylic,PolyesterLong oil alkyd,Medi

27、um oil alkydRecommended additives:DISPERBYK-161DISPERBYK-2164DISPERBYK-182DISPERBYK-2150DISPERBYK-2164DISPERBYK-115 DISPERBYK-182/108DISPERBYK-2150DISPERBYK-145DISPERBYK-162DISPERBYK-174DISPERBYK-182/108DISPERBYK-2150DISPERBYK-108DISPERBYK-116DISPERBYK-21509/13/2022, Page 41, Wetting and Dispersing

28、AdditivesClassificationlower Molecular Weight higherlower Polarity higher132b9/13/2022, Page 42, Wetting and Dispersing Additives2b: Higher Molecular Weight AdditivesSolvent-borne systemsDISPERBYK-140DISPERBYK-116DISPERBYK-112DISPERBYK-145BYK-9076DISPERBYK-2050lower Molecular Weight higherlower Pola

29、rity higherDeflocculating9/13/2022, Page 43, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesPigment Concentrates: No Grinding ResinLimiting factors in the pastPigment deflocculation and stabilizationStorage stabilityPigment shockDrying out of pigment concentrate9/13/2022, Page 44, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesP

30、igment Concentrates Without Grinding ResinStarting point formulationIrgalith blue GLNF (PB 15:4)63,0Dowanol PMA 7,0Di-basic Ester10,0DISPERBYK-205020,0Phthalo blue pigment9/13/2022, Page 45, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesClassification132clower Molecular Weight higherlower Polarity higher9/13/2022

31、, Page 46, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesControlled Polymerization TechnologiesControlled Radical PolymerizationControlled Ionic PolymerizationCPTCIPCRPATRP NMP C-RAFT S-RAFT GTP9/13/2022, Page 47, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesWetting and Dispersing Additives Through Controlled PolymerizationSy

32、stemSolid ContentSolventYear ofIntroductionDISPERBYK-2000Solvent-borne40 %MPA/BG1999DISPERBYK-2001Solvent-borne46 %MPA/BG/PM1999DISPERBYK-2020Solvent-borne70 %MPA2006DISPERBYK-2010Water-borne40 %Water2006 DISPERBYK-2025Solvent-borne70 %MPA 2007 DISPERBYK-2009Solvent-free44 %MPA/BG2007MPA = Methoxypr

33、opylacetateBG = ButylglycolPM = Methoxypropanol9/13/2022, Page 48, Wetting and Dispersing Additives2c: Higher Molecular Weight AdditivesSolvent-borne systemsDISPERBYK-2000DISPERBYK-2001DISPERBYK-2020lower Molecular Weight higherlower Polarity higherDeflocculatingDISPERBYK-20259/13/2022, Page 49, Wet

34、ting and Dispersing AdditivesControlled PolymerizationBinder-compatible chainPigment-affinic block Since 1999 available9/13/2022, Page 50, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesAdvantages of Controlled PolymerizationAlmost 100% reaction controlDefined molecular weightNarrow molecular weight distributionPe

35、rfect distribution of monomers in the chainAlmost no residual monomer contentExcellent reproducibilityMake perfect, tailor made additives!9/13/2022, Page 51, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesDISPERBYK-2000 / DISPERBYK-2001: AdvantagesPigment flocculates when CAB is addedDISPERBYK-2000DISPERBYK-2001No

36、 flocculation with CAB9/13/2022, Page 52, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesChemistry of BYK-SYNERGIST 2100PhthalobluechemistryAcidicgroupAcidicgroupAcidicgroupAcidicgroup9/13/2022, Page 53, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesProperties of BYK-SYNERGIST 2100 / 2105Enables wetting/dispersing additive to a

37、dsorb on lower polar surfaces Deflocculation / stabilization Lower (millbase) viscosity / less thixotropyProvides less haze / higher brilliancy in top coat formulations with various types of pigments9/13/2022, Page 54, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesBYK-SYNERGIST Selection GuidePY 74 / 83PY 151 / 1

38、55PO 5 / 36 / 73PR 112 / 170 /177 / 254BYK-SYNERGIST 2105PG 7 / 36PB 15:1 / 15:2 / 15:3 / 15:4 / 15:6PBl 7BYK-SYNERGIST 21009/13/2022, Page 55, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesWorking Mechanism of BYK-SYNERGIST 21009/13/2022, Page 56, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesClassification123lower Molecular

39、Weight higherlower Polarity higher9/13/2022, Page 57, Wetting and Dispersing Additives3: Higher Molecular Weight AdditivesAqueous systemsDISPERBYK-191DISPERBYK-184DISPERBYK-180DISPERBYK-192BYK-151BYK-154DISPERBYK-190DISPERBYK-187DISPERBYK-2010DISPERBYK-194lower Molecular Weight higherlower Polarity

40、higherDeflocculating9/13/2022, Page 58, Wetting and Dispersing Additives3: Higher Molecular Weight AdditivesAqueousBYK-151BYK-154DISPERBYK-187lower Molecular Weight higherlower Polarity higherDeflocculating9/13/2022, Page 59, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesDispersing of PigmentsGrinding inEmulsions

41、 systemsWater9/13/2022, Page 60, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesWater-Borne SystemsWetting and dispersing additives for emulsionsBYK-154Deflocculation and stabilization of polar pigments by electric chargesLow mill base viscosity,gloss,storage stability of the emulsion paintDISPERBYK-187Wetting of

42、non-polar pigments,slight steric stabilizationCombined usage of both additive types9/13/2022, Page 61, Wetting and Dispersing Additives3: Higher Molecular Weight AdditivesAqueous systemsDeflocculatingDISPERBYK-184lower Molecular Weight higherlower Polarity higher9/13/2022, Page 62, Wetting and Dispe

43、rsing AdditivesWetting and Dispersing AdditivesDISPERBYK-160 familyDISPERBYK-1849/13/2022, Page 63, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesDispersing of PigmentsEmulsions systemsWaterGrinding inWater-soluble systems,HybridsResin solution9/13/2022, Page 64, Wetting and Dispersing Additives3: Higher Molecula

44、r Weight AdditivesAqueous systemsDISPERBYK-191DISPERBYK-180DISPERBYK-192DISPERBYK-190DISPERBYK-2010DISPERBYK-194lower Molecular Weight higherlower Polarity higherDeflocculating9/13/2022, Page 65, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesHydrophobic structure: Pigment affinic group Improves hydrophobicityDISP

45、ERBYK-2010A Combination of Block and Comb StructureHydrophilic structure: Provides electrostatic repulsion Gives low millbase viscosityHydrophilic side chains: Adjust compatibility Provide steric hindrance9/13/2022, Page 66, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesPreparation of Pigment Concentrates Based o

46、n DISPERBYK-190 FamilyGrinding resin50,0 -DMEA, 50% 3,5 -Water20,546,5BYK-024 1,0 1,0DISPERBYK-190 -17,5Cromophthal red A2B25,035,0 100,0 100,0Resin grind“Slurry grind“9/13/2022, Page 67, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesResin Grind versus “Slurry Grind“PropertyGrinding resin“Slurry“Compatibility-+9/

47、13/2022, Page 68, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesResin Grind versus “Slurry Grind“PropertyGrinding resin“Slurry“Compatibility-+Pigment content / viscosity-+9/13/2022, Page 69, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesPreparation of Pigment Concentrate+Grinding resinin butyl glycolCromophthal red A2B30%=Pigm

48、ent concentrate9/13/2022, Page 70, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesPreparation of Pigment Concentrate+Cromophthal red A2B30%=Pigment concentrateGrinding resinin water / BG9/13/2022, Page 71, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesPreparation of Pigment Concentrate+Water / DISPERBYK-19020% additive s.o.p.Cr

49、omophthal red A2B30%=Pigment concentrate9/13/2022, Page 72, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesResin Grind versus “Slurry Grind“PropertyGrinding resin“Slurry“Compatibility-+Pigment content / viscosity-+Foam stabilization-+9/13/2022, Page 73, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesFoam StabilizationGrinding re

50、sinDISPERBYK-190 “Slurry“9/13/2022, Page 74, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesResin Grind versus “Slurry Grind“PropertyGrinding resin“Slurry“Compatibility-+Pigment content / viscosity-+Foam stabilization-+Deflocculation / stabilizationO+9/13/2022, Page 75, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesResin Grind

51、versus “Slurry Grind“Deflocculation / stabilization under microscopeCromophthal red A2BGrinding resinDISPERBYK-190 “Slurry“9/13/2022, Page 76, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesResin Grind versus “Slurry Grind“Deflocculation / stabilization: comparison of draw downsHeliogen blue L 7101FGrinding resinD

52、ISPERBYK-190 “Slurry“9/13/2022, Page 77, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesResin Grind versus “Slurry Grind“PropertyGrinding resin“Slurry“Compatibility-+Pigment content / viscosity-+Foam stabilization-+Deflocculation / stabilizationO+Storage stabilityO+9/13/2022, Page 78, Wetting and Dispersing Additi

53、ves“Slurries“: Starting Point FormulationsHostaperm red violet ER 0230% DISPERBYK-190 (s.o.p.)Novoperm red F3RK70 25% DISPERBYK-190 (s.o.p.)Irgazin DPP red BO 30% DISPERBYK-190 (s.o.p.)Water40,025,940,0BYK-0111,01,01,0DISPERBYK-19022,525,022,5Pigment30,040,030,0DissolverWater6,58,16,5Dispermat SL100

54、,0100,0100,09/13/2022, Page 79, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesWetting and Dispersing Additive Selection Water soluble alkyd Alkyd emulsion Hybrid systems Polyurethane emulsion Acrylic emulsion Emulsion paint PVC 25-80% Plaster Silicate paint 2 pack PU 2 pack Epoxy DISPERBYK-190DISPERBYK-191DISPERB

55、YK-192 DISPERBYK194+DISPERBYK-180 Highly recommendedRecommended9/13/2022, Page 80, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesHandling of “Slurries“ Adjust pH (after the grind!) to pH of resin Incorporation of raw materials always under stirrer If seeds / gelation occurs predilute with waterPigment concentrate

56、 and / orLetdown Post addition of 1% DISPERBYK-192 in letdown = improved compatibility 9/13/2022, Page 81, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesEffect PigmentsCopper Mica in Water Control5% DISPERBYK-1929/13/2022, Page 82, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesEffect PigmentsAlucolor 4503 in water / butylglyco

57、l 1:1Control5% DISPERBYK-1929/13/2022, Page 83, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesEffect pigmentButyl-glycolWaterWetting and dispersing additiveFlip/Flop*RemarksEffect Pigments* + = excellent; o = moderate; - = not acceptablexxx+High amount of co-solventx-x-Seeds when resin is addedx-xxONo co-solventx

58、x-OHigh amount of co-solventxxxx+Up to 80% co-solvent reduction9/13/2022, Page 84, Wetting and Dispersing AdditivesAluminum Pigments: Additive SelectionInorganic treatmentAdditive (solids on pigment)Chromate (i.e. Hydrolux types) 2% DISPERBYK-192 / 3% BYK-345Silicate (i.e. Hydrolan types)5% DISPERBYK-1