1、2021/8/11 星期三1Unit 2 ProjectChinese charactersThe development of 2021/8/11 星期三2Can you make out any of these Chinese characters?2021/8/11 星期三32021/8/11 星期三4貞(會(huì)意)今(會(huì)意)疾(會(huì)意)夕(象形)雨(象形)其(象形)2021/8/11 星期三5甲骨文金文戰(zhàn)國文字小篆Oracle Bone InscriptionsBronze InscriptionsLesser Seal Characters 2021/8/11 星期三6野鶴巢邊松最古仙人

2、掌上雨初晴 江流有聲 斷岸千尺 小篆Lesser seal characters2021/8/11 星期三7隸書草書Official Script Cursive Script2021/8/11 星期三8王曦之蘭亭序行書永和九年，歲在癸丑，暮春之初，會(huì)于會(huì)稽山陰之蘭亭，修禊事也。群賢畢至，少長(zhǎng)咸集。此地有崇山峻嶺，茂林修竹。又有清流激湍，映帶左右，引以為流觴曲水. 楷書Formal ScriptRunning Script2021/8/11 星期三9Do the Chinese characters remain the same for thousands of years?NO!Chine

3、se characters are always changing!Question2021/8/11 星期三10Who first invented Chinese writing?When did the Chinese government introduce simplified Chinese characters?Cang Jie.In the 1950s.Fast reading2021/8/11 星期三11 Listen to the tape and answer the following questions. How old is the Chinese writing?

4、2. How did Cang Jie invent Chinese writing?3. What do we call the first real Chinese characters?4. How did the character of “mountain” develop over time? Can you give any other examples?2021/8/11 星期三12Answer the following questions. How old is the Chinese writing?2. How did Cang Jie invent Chinese w

5、riting?Thousands of years.Cang Jie saw the footprints of birds and animals in the snow and he got the idea he could use different shapes or pictures to represent objects.2021/8/11 星期三133. What do we call the first real Chinese characters?We call them pictograghs, which mean line drawings of physical

6、 objects.4. How did the character of “mountain” develop over time? Can you give any other examples?The pictograph for a mountain was originally three peaks together. Then this became one peak and three lines and finally turned into the character we use today. There are some other examples such as ey

7、e, sun, and moon.2021/8/11 星期三14Brief introduction to Chinese charactersOrigins of Chinese charactersDevelopment of Chinese charactersCharacters used to express ideasCharacters used to express directions and numbersPictophonetic charactersSimplified Chinese charactersExamples of pictographsThe main

8、idea of each paragraph:2021/8/11 星期三152021/8/11 星期三16倉頡, 漢字的創(chuàng)始人,是古代神話傳說中黃帝的史官.據(jù)說刻在獸骨和龜甲上的文字也是由他發(fā)明的.他被尊為 “造字圣人”.Cang Jie, who is believed to have invented Chinese characters, used to work as a history official under the Yellow Emperor in ancient China. It is said that the inscriptions on bones and to

9、rtoise shells were also invented by him. He has been taken as a legendary figure in Chinese history and culture.2021/8/11 星期三172021/8/11 星期三182021/8/11 星期三192021/8/11 星期三202021/8/11 星期三21 Forms and development of Chinese characters The first real Chinese characterspictographsIdeographs會(huì)意字 Indicative

10、s指事字 pictophonetic形聲字Characters made by combining two or more elements togetherThe form of the characters which are used to indicate directions and numbersCharacters consisting of the semantic(語意的) radical and phonetic(語音的) radical2021/8/11 星期三22PictographA pictograph is a depiction(描繪) of a materia

11、l object. SunMoonMountainSheepBull象形字 HumanWoman2021/8/11 星期三23Ideographs 會(huì)意字 composed of two or more existing characters. A man leans against a tree, which means that he is resting.2021/8/11 星期三24土 Please move the boxes around to make a character to match the English word. sit man rest good forest木

12、木木人木人人子 田力 坐男休好森女會(huì)意字的練習(xí)2021/8/11 星期三25Indicatives or Self-Explanatory Characters 指事字 On the topBeneathThe left symbol means a sword.Put a point on the character “sword”, then it refers to the blade.上下2021/8/11 星期三26Indicatives 指事字 2021/8/11 星期三27Pictophonetic形聲字帽、洋、姥、駛、材、枝、鋼、侶、銅 、洲2021/8/11 星期三28Ext

13、ensionDevelopment of Chinese charactersExtension2021/8/11 星期三29Which do you prefer?漢字擁有悠久的歷史，它是中國文化的象徵，是中國勞動(dòng)人民智慧的結(jié)晶。漢字擁有悠久的歷史，它是中國文化的象征，是中國勞動(dòng)人民智慧的結(jié)晶。Chinese simpleChinese complexV s.2021/8/11 星期三30Nowadays there are so many borrowed words in our language. Please cite some examples and talk about whe

14、ther it is necessary for us to use such words.Discussion2021/8/11 星期三31You are going to write a booklet about the way several Chinese characters developed. Please do the group work and follow the instructions on P 39 to finish your own booklet.Homework2021/8/11 星期三32In fact, there are six categories

15、 of Chinese characters: pictographs, self-explanatory characters, associative compounds, pictophonetic characters, phonetic loan characters, and mutually explanatory characters.2021/8/11 星期三33 Language points2021/8/11 星期三34The way a written language developed can tell us just as much about a culture

16、 as the history of a spoken language.一種書面語言的發(fā)展方式,能告訴我們關(guān)于一種口語的歷史,同樣也告訴我們文化方面的東西.1.我不喜歡他對(duì)待孩子的方式. I dont like the way he treats his child.2.他解決問題的方式很奇特. The way he solved the problems was strange.2021/8/11 星期三35The Chinese language differs from many Western languages in that it uses characters which ha

17、ve meanings and can stand alone as words.differ from不同于;有區(qū)別=be different fromMen are alike in their promises. It is only in their deeds that they differ (from each other).人在許諾時(shí)都一樣,不同之處在于他們的行動(dòng).differ from/with sb. on/about sth 與某人在某事上意見不一致Im sorry to differ from/ with you about that question.對(duì)不起, 關(guān)于這

18、個(gè)問題我與你的看法不同.漢語與很多西方語言不同,區(qū)別在于漢語使用的基本單位漢字本身就具有意義.2021/8/11 星期三36in that 因?yàn)? 原因是; 在于He differed from other people in that he always looked farther ahead in his work.他和別人不同的是他在工作中比別人都看得遠(yuǎn)些.相關(guān)鏈接:make a/ no/ some/little difference 有一點(diǎn)/沒有/有些/幾乎沒有作用/關(guān)系/影響對(duì)我來說,你走或留都沒有關(guān)系.It doesnt make any difference to me whe

19、ther you go or stay.2021/8/11 星期三37Chinese people invented numerous characters to represent ideas, objects or actions.represent vt.1. 表現(xiàn)；描寫；描畫This painting represents a storm.這幅畫描繪暴風(fēng)雨。2. 代表We chose a committee to represent us.我們選出一個(gè)委員會(huì)來代表我們。中國人發(fā)明了無數(shù)的漢字來表達(dá)思想,物體或動(dòng)物.2021/8/11 星期三38Chinese words are oft

20、en formed by combining different bine v. 使聯(lián)合/結(jié)合 常與介詞with 連用這兩個(gè)黨不可能聯(lián)合在一起. Its impossible to combine the two parties.We should combine theory with practice.我們必須使理論與時(shí)間相結(jié)合.The two small shops combined to make a large one.這兩個(gè)小店合并起來成為一個(gè)大商店。combination結(jié)合；聯(lián)合；合并His character is a combination of strength and

21、kindness.他的性格是剛與柔的結(jié)合。2021/8/11 星期三39However, not all characters are used to describe objects.當(dāng)not與all, both, everyone, everything, everywhere, everyday 等連用時(shí)為部分否定, 意為”并不都.”1. All that glitters is not gold.= Not all that glitters is gold. 閃光的并不都是金子.2. Both of them havent read this story.=Only one of them has read this story.并非他們二人都看過這個(gè)故事.然而并不是所有漢字都是用來描述物體的.3.This kind of flower cant be seen everyw