1、英語(yǔ)六級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)資料（完整版）英語(yǔ)六級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)專題一完形填空-固定搭配accountfor說(shuō)明的原因，是的原因ccuseof控告；譴責(zé)allowfor考慮到，顧及，為留出預(yù)地appealto訴諸，訴請(qǐng)裁決（或證實(shí)等）bringabout導(dǎo)致，弓起calloff取消carefor照顧，照料；喜歡checkin（在旅館、機(jī)場(chǎng)等）登記，報(bào)到checkout結(jié)帳后離開(kāi)，辦妥手續(xù)離去comeupwith提出，提供，想出countonupon依靠，指望countup共計(jì)，算出的總數(shù)drawup起草，擬訂；（使）停住fallbackon借助于，依靠getat夠得著，觸及；意思是，意指;查明，發(fā)現(xiàn)；指責(zé)goinfor

2、從事，參加；愛(ài)好hangonto緊緊抓住；保留（某物）turnout制造，生產(chǎn)；結(jié)果是；驅(qū)逐;關(guān)掉，旋熄takeover接受，接管；借用，承襲takein接受，吸收，接納；理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)；欺騙；包括stickout（把）堅(jiān)持到底；突出，顯眼stickto堅(jiān)持，忠于，信守；緊跟，緊隨；粘貼在上setout陳述，闡明；動(dòng)身，起程；開(kāi)始；擺放setforth闡明，陳述setabout開(kāi)始，著手putinfor正式申請(qǐng)refertoas把稱作，把當(dāng)作payoff還清（債）；付清工資解雇（某人）；向行賄；得到好結(jié)果，取得成功makeupfor補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)lookover把看一遍，把過(guò)目；察看，參觀31.loo

3、kthrough詳盡核查；（從頭至尾）瀏覽32.liveon靠生活，以為食物liein（問(wèn)題、事情等）在于33.liein（問(wèn)題、事情等）在于letgo（of）放開(kāi)，松手holdout維持，保持；堅(jiān)持（要求），不屈服holdback躊躇，退縮；阻止，抑制；隱瞞，保守（秘密等）haveanadvantageover勝過(guò).havetheadvantageof由于處于有利條件havetheadvantageofsb。知道某人所不知道的事takeadvantageof（=makethebestof,utilize,makeuseof,profitfrom,harness）利用。attributeto（

4、二tobelievesth.tobetheresultof）把。.歸因于.，認(rèn)為。.是。.的結(jié)果beginwith以開(kāi)始.tobeginwith（=firstofall）首先，第一（經(jīng)常用于開(kāi)始語(yǔ)）onbehalfof（=astherepresentativeof）以名義believein（=havefaithortrustin;considersth.sb.tobetrue）相信，依賴，信仰。getthebetterof（=defeatsb。）打敗，勝過(guò)。bybirth在出生上，論出身,按血統(tǒng)atbirth在出生時(shí)；givebirthto出生、blamesb.forsth.因責(zé)備某人.bla

5、mesth.onsb.把推在某人身上46.inblossom開(kāi)花（指樹(shù)木）beinblossom開(kāi)花（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）comeintoblossom開(kāi)花（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）takethefloor起立發(fā)言becapableof能夠，有能力becapableofbeing+過(guò)去分詞是能夠被的comparewith把與比較compareto把比作complainof（orabout抱怨；訴苦;控告；complainabout抱怨某人或事情；complaintosb.aboutsth.（orsb。）向某人抱怨;complain（抱怨）;complement（補(bǔ)充）;compliment（恭維）delightin（

6、=takegreatpleasureindoingstho）喜歡，取樂(lè)take（a）delightin喜歡干，以為樂(lè)demandsth.fromsb.向某人要求（物質(zhì)的）東西deprivesb.ofsth.剝奪某人某物deviatefrom偏離，不按辦onadiet吃某種特殊飲食，節(jié)食differfromin與的區(qū)別在于disposeof(=getridof,throwaway)處理掉beyonddispute不容爭(zhēng)議的，無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議indispute在爭(zhēng)議中(be)distinctfrom(=bedifferentfrom)與截然不同distinguishbetween(=makeorrecog

7、nizedifferences)辨別distinguishfrom把與區(qū)別開(kāi)doawaywith(=getridof;abolish;discardeliminate)除去，廢除，取消；doawaywith(二kill)殺掉，鎮(zhèn)壓comeoffduty下班atlarge(二atliberty,free)在逃，逍遙法外atlarge(=ingeneral)一般來(lái)說(shuō)，大體上atlarge(=atfulllength;withdetails)詳細(xì)地accuseof(二chargewith;blamesb.forsth.;blamesth.onsb.;complainabout)指控，控告allowf

8、or(=takeintoconsideration,takeintoaccount)考慮到，估計(jì)到。amountto(二tobeequalto)總計(jì)，等于。answerfor(undertakeresponsibilityfor,beliablefor,takechargefor)對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)。abideby(=befaithfulto;obey)忠于;遵守complywith(=actinaccordancewithademand,order,ruleetc。)遵守，依從applytosb.forsth.為向申請(qǐng);applyfor申請(qǐng)；applyto適用。applyto與有關(guān);適用arisefro

9、m(=becausedby)由弓丨起。arriveon至U達(dá)；arriveat至U達(dá)某地(小地方);得出，作出;arrivein到達(dá)某地(大地方);beashamedof(=feelshame,guiltorsorrowbecauseofsth.done)以為羞恥assuresb.ofsth.(=trytocausetobelieveortrustinsth。)向保證，使確信。attach(to)(=tofix,fasten;join)縛，系,結(jié)attendto(=giveonesattention,careandthought)注意，照顧;attendon(upon)(=waitupon,s

10、erve,lookafter)侍候，照料82.inaccordancewith(=inagreementwith)依照，根據(jù)83.ononesownaccount1)為了某人的緣故，為了某人自己的利益2)(=atonesownrisk)自行負(fù)責(zé)3)(=byoneself)依靠自己onaccount賒賬；onaccountof因?yàn)?onnoaccount不論什么原因也不;of-account有。重要性。takeintoaccount(二consider)把.。.考慮進(jìn)去accountfor(=giveanexplanationorreasonfor)解釋，說(shuō)明。onaccountof(二beca

11、useof)由于，因?yàn)椤eaccustomedto(=beinthehabitof,beusedto)習(xí)慣于。beacquaintedwith(=tohaveknowledgeof)了解;(=tohavemetsocially)熟悉acton奉行，按照行動(dòng)；actas扮演；actfor代理adaptoneselfto(=adjustoneselfto)使自己適應(yīng)于adapt-(for)(二makesth.Suitableforanewneed)改編，改寫(以適應(yīng)新的需要)inaddition(二besides)此外，又，加之92.inadditionto(=aswellas,besides,

12、otherthan)除外adhereto(=abideby,conformto,complywith,clingto,insiston,persistin,observe,opinion,belief)粘附;堅(jiān)持，遵循adjacent(=nextto,closeto)毗鄰的，臨近的adjust。.(to)(二changeslightly)調(diào)節(jié);適應(yīng);英語(yǔ)六級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)專題二翻譯-語(yǔ)法精要I動(dòng)詞（時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，用法，省略，一致性等）時(shí)態(tài)1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)（have/hasbeen+-ing分詞構(gòu)成）：動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始，繼續(xù)至現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束.Ivebeenwritinglet

13、tersforanhour.Ivebeensittinginthegarden.2）過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（由hadbeen+ing分詞構(gòu)成）：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Idbeenworkingforsometimewhenhecalled.Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame.3）將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears.Inanothermonthstimeshellhavebeenstudyinghereforth

14、reeyears.4）將來(lái)完成時(shí)（由shall/willhave+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成）：將來(lái)某時(shí)會(huì)業(yè)已發(fā)生的事.Ishallhavefinishedthisonebeforelunch.TheyllhavehittheyearstargetbytheendofOctober.語(yǔ)態(tài)可以有兩種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的類型,例如：Hewassaidtobejealousofhersuccess.Itwassaidthathewasjealousofhersuccess.能同時(shí)適用于上述兩個(gè)句型的主動(dòng)詞通常都是表示“估計(jì)”,“相信”等意義的動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,kn

15、ow,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.等.Itissupposedthattheshiphasbeensunk.Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk.擔(dān)當(dāng)besupposedto與不定式的一般形式搭配時(shí)往往表示不同的意義.例如：Whyareyoudrivingsofastinthisarea?Youaresupposedtoknowthespeedtoknowthespeedlimit.（你應(yīng)該曉得速度限制）雙賓語(yǔ)及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),另一個(gè)

16、賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ).Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.Twodayswereallowedthemformakingthenecessarypreparations.賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：ShewascalledBigSisterbyeverybody.Thenhewasmadeasquadleader.Hewasconsideredquitequalifiedforthejob.Theroomwasalwayskeptcleanandtidy.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Vi+advTheplanetookofftwo

17、hourslate.Vi+prepTheylookedroundtheCathedral.Vi+prep（有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Sheslookingafterhersisterschildren.Thechildrenwerealwayswelllookedafter.Vi+adv+prepIbegantolookforwardtotheirvisits.Vt+O+advSomewomenchoosetostayathomeandbringuptheirchildren.Thechildrenwerebroughtupbytheirmother.Theytookhimon.Vt+adv+O(無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

18、)Iamtryingtogiveupsmoking.Vt+O+prepWetalkedDonaldintoagreement.省略在以as,than,when,if,unless等引導(dǎo)的從句中的省略：在有些狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果謂語(yǔ)包含有動(dòng)詞be,主語(yǔ)又和主句的主語(yǔ)一致a)，或者主語(yǔ)是itb),就常?？梢园褟木渲械闹髡Z(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一部分(特別是動(dòng)詞be)省略掉.Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.Whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects.Whiletherehejoinedinvoluntary

19、labouronaproject.Althoughnotyetsixmonthsold,shewasabletowalkwithoutsupport.Ifnotwellmanaged,irrigationcanbeharmful.Thoughreducedinnumbers,theygainedinfightingcapacity.Thisviewpoint,howeverunderstandable,iswrong.Enemies,oncediscovered,weretightlyencircledandcompletelywipedout.Shehurriedlylefttherooma

20、sthough/ifangry.Sheworkedextremelyhardthoughstillratherpoorinhealth.Fillintheapplicationasinstructed.Wheneverknown,suchfactsshouldbereported.Thedocumentswillbereturnedassoonassigned.Hesaidthatnoacrobatcouldeverperformthosedaringfeatsunlesstrainedveryyoung.Oncehavingmadeapromise,youshouldkeepit.Ifnec

21、essaryIllhavetheletterduplicated.Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(ver)necessary.Ifpossible,Ishouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.Asscheduled,theymetonJanuary20attheChineseEmbassy.在以thana)或asb)引起的從句中，常會(huì)有一些成分省略.Hetoldmenottousemorematerialthan(itis)necessary.Weshouldthinkmoreofthecollectivethanofourselves.Th

22、eyworkedwithasmuchenthusiasmasyoungpeople(did).Heisnowavice-manager,butstilloftenworksinthekitchenasbefore.Theirtrainingisfree,asisalleducation.Wewill,asalways,standonyourside.錯(cuò)誤的省略HislifeisasfullycommittedtobooksasanyoneIknow.Whilestandingthereinhernightgown,twobulletsstruckthewallbesideher.一致如果主語(yǔ)是

23、單數(shù),盡管后面跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,morethan等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍舊用單數(shù)形式.Terry,alongwithherfriend,goesskatingeverySaturday.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.Thecaptain,aswellasthecoaches,wasdisappointedintheteam.代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的一致each,either,neither和由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合

24、代詞，都作單數(shù)看待.Eachofushassomethingtosay.Iseverybodyready?Somebodyisusingthephone.Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining.Haseitherofthemtoldyou?some,few,both,many等作復(fù)數(shù)some可后接復(fù)數(shù)，也可接單數(shù)，表示某一.none作復(fù)數(shù)看待時(shí)較多,但也有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待,主要看說(shuō)話人腦中聯(lián)系想到的是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)概念，但none在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù)：NoneofthebooksareeasyenoughforusNoneofusseemtoha

25、vethoughtofit.None(=notasingleone)ofushasgotacamera.None(=nobody)hasfeltitmorekeenlythanshedid.Noneofthisworriesme.all和most可后接復(fù)數(shù)，也可接不可數(shù)名詞(allofthe，mostofthe)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).由and或bothand連接名詞詞組時(shí)，后用復(fù)數(shù)；由notonlybut(also),eitheror,neithernor或or連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致.Notonlytheswitchesbutalsotheoldwritinghasbeenchan

26、ged.Mysisterormybrotherislikelytobeathome.EitheryouorMrYangistodothework.NeithermywifenorImyselfamabletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.如果一個(gè)句子是由there或here引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)，謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致.Therewascarvedintheboardadragonandaphoenix.Hereisapen，afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou.people，police，cattle，poultry(

27、家禽)，militia(民兵)等通常都用作復(fù)數(shù).Cattlearegrazingonthepasture.Thepolicearelookingforhim.有些集體名詞有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待，有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看待，主要根據(jù)意思來(lái)決定.Hisfamilyisntverylarge.Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.Thecommitteemeetstwiceamonth.Thecommitteearedividedinopinion.Theaudiencewasenormous.Theaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewords.有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形，可根據(jù)意思決定

28、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)：Thisnewseriesisbeginningnextmonth.Thesenewseriesarebeginningnextmonth.Thisspeciesisnowextinct.Thesespeciesarenowextinct.表示時(shí)間,重量,長(zhǎng)度,價(jià)值等的名詞,盡管仍是復(fù)數(shù)形式,如果作整體看待,動(dòng)詞也可用單數(shù)形式（當(dāng)然用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞也是可以的）:Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.Onehundredliwascoveredinasinglenight.其他問(wèn)題書名,國(guó)家名用單數(shù):Talesfrom

29、ShakespeareisabookbyCharlesLamb.學(xué)科名，如mathematics,economics用單數(shù).manya或morethanone所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式：Manyapersonhashadthatkindofexperience.Morethanonepersonhasinvolvedinthecase.anumberof后接復(fù)數(shù)，thenumberof后接單數(shù)：Anumberofbookshavebeenpublishedonthesubject.Thenumberofbookspublishedonthesubjectissimplyamazi

30、ng.oneofthose后用單數(shù).在“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系分句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式在一般情況下有兩形式，一是根據(jù)先行詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式：Joanisoneofthosepeoplewhogooutoftheirwaytobehelpful.當(dāng)one之前友theonly等限定詞和修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系分句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)one而定，即采用單數(shù)形式：Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtotakeonanotherassignment.II非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebee

31、ndone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing完成式：不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作，通常與主要謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生.假如不定式所表示的動(dòng)作，在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）之前發(fā)生，就要用不定式的完成式.Iamgladtohaveseenyourmother（=IamgladIhaveseenyourmother）.（比較：Iamgladtoseeyou.）Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.Hepretendednottohaveseenme.進(jìn)行式：如果主要謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）

32、發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用不定式的進(jìn)行式.Youarenotsupposedtobeworking.Youhaventquiterecoveredyet.Wedidntexpectyoutobewaitingforushere.Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.完成進(jìn)行式:在謂語(yǔ)所表示的時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,就要用不定式的完成進(jìn)行式.Thestrugglewasknowntohavebeengoingfortwentyyears.Wearehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.被動(dòng)式:當(dāng)不定式的邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是不定式所

33、表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式.Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.Shehatedtobeflattered.Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Thisisboundtobefoundout.Therearealotofthingstobedone.Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.功用：不定式可以作主語(yǔ)（a）,賓語(yǔ)（b）,表語(yǔ)（c）,定語(yǔ)（d）或是狀語(yǔ)（e）.Toscoldherwouldnotbejust.Weareplanningtobuildareservoirh

34、ere.Oneofourmaintasksnowistomechanizeagriculture.Doyouhaveanythingtodeclare?Wehavecometolearnfromyou.不帶to的不定式：在“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果動(dòng)詞是表示感覺(jué)意義的see,hear,watch,smell,feel,notice等，或是表示“致使”意義的have,make,let等，其后的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)不帶to.Johnmadehertellhimeverything.這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不帶to的不定式一般還原為帶to的不定式.Shewasmadetotellhimever

35、ything.在hadbetter,hadbest,wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon,might（just）aswell,cannotbut等搭配之后，動(dòng)詞不定式也不帶to.Idrathernothaveeggsandbaconforbreakfast.Theycannotbutaccepthisterm.在makedo,makebelieve,letdrop,letfall,letfly,letslip,letdrive,letgoof,lettherebe,hearsay,heartell,leavegoof等固定搭配中，用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式

36、.Johnletflyatorrentofabuseatme.Iveheardtellofhim.在動(dòng)詞help(或help+賓語(yǔ))之后可用不帶to的不定式，也可用帶to的不定式.CanIhelp(to)liftthisheavybox?在介詞except,but之后，如果其前有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，不定式一般不帶to,反之帶to.Thereisnothingtodoexceptwaittillitstopsraining.Smithwilldoanythingbutworkonafarm.Theresnochoicebuttowaittillitstopsraining.連詞rathertha

37、n,soonerthan置于句首時(shí)，其后的不定式不帶to.Ratherthanpushthebookbackashewantedtodo，heforcedhimselftopickitup.出現(xiàn)在句中其他位置時(shí)，其后的不定式有時(shí)帶to,有時(shí)不帶to.Hedecidedtowriteratherthantelephone.Themanagerbelievesitisimportanttoinvestinnewmachineryratherthantoincreasewages.用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式，如果主語(yǔ)是由“all+關(guān)系分句”“thing+關(guān)系分句”，“what分句”或“thing+不定式結(jié)

38、構(gòu)”等構(gòu)成，并帶有do的某種形式，這時(shí)，作為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的不定式可以省to,也可以不省.Whathewilldois(to)spoilthewholething.AllyoudonowiscompletetheformTheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.Thethingtodonowisclearupthismess.TheleastIcandoisdriveeverybodyelseclosertotheissue.不定式的其他用法tooto結(jié)構(gòu)通常表示否定意義：Shewastooyoungtounderstandallthat.enough七。結(jié)構(gòu)則表示肯定

39、意義：Shewasnotoldenoughtounderstandallthat.nottoo,buttoo,alltoo,onlytoo等和不定式連用時(shí)，不定式一般不表示否定意義：Hesonlytoopleasedtohelpher.soas(to)這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可用不定式作狀語(yǔ)：Besokindastodropinsometimewhenyouarefree.如果要說(shuō)明不定是表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，可以在不定式前加一個(gè)for引起的短語(yǔ):Itisnothardforonetodoabitofgood.Itisagreathonourforustobepresentatthisrally.在以某些形容

40、詞（如kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,considerate,rude,naughty,impolite等）作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式前可加一個(gè)of引起的短語(yǔ)，來(lái)說(shuō)明不定式指的是誰(shuí)的情況：Itskindofyoutothinksomuchofus.（Itis）Awfullygoodofyoutocomeandmeetus.Itsveryniceofyoutobesoconsiderate.Itsunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.V+ing形式（現(xiàn)在分詞

41、及動(dòng)名詞）形式完成式：如果要表示動(dòng)名詞代表的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生,通常用動(dòng)名詞的完成形式.Hedidntmentionhavingmetme.Iregretnothavingtakenheradvice.在某些動(dòng)詞后（或成語(yǔ)中）,常用（或可以用）動(dòng)名詞的一般形式,盡管動(dòng)作是在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的.Excusemeforcominglate.Idontremembereverseeinghimanywhere.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式主要用在狀語(yǔ)中,表示這動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生.Havingbeentheremanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.Havi

42、ngfoundthecause,theywereabletoproposearemedy.另外,獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)也可用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式.Theguestshavingleft,theyresumedtheirdiscussion.Thechildren,havingeatingtheirfill,wereallowedtoleavethetable.被動(dòng)式：當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)所表示的是這動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí),動(dòng)名詞一般要用被動(dòng)形式.Hisbeingneglectedbythehostaddedtohisuneasiness.Hecouldntbearbeingmadefunoflikethat.但要注

43、意，在want,need,deserve,require等動(dòng)詞后，盡管表示的是被動(dòng)的意思，卻用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式.Mypenneedsfilling.Thepointdeservesmentioning.Thisproblemrequiresstudyingwithgreatcare.在worth這個(gè)形容詞后情形也是這樣.Hermethodisworthtrying.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式可以用來(lái)作定語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)及用于獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中.Thisisoneoftheexperimentsbeingcarriedoninourlaboratory.Youllfindthetopicbeingdiscus

44、sedeverywhere.Beingaskedtogiveaperformance,shecouldntverywellrefuse.Thesearesoldatreducedprices,thedefectsalwaysbeingpointedouttothecustomers.完成被動(dòng)式:如果表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生,有時(shí)需要用動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)式.Idontrememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetotrythismethod.但在多數(shù)情況下都避免使用這一形式,而用一般被動(dòng)形式代替,以免句子顯得累贅.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式一般用來(lái)作狀語(yǔ)或用于獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中

45、.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslipaway?Thedecisionhavingbeenmade,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.Allthecompositionshavingbeenwrittenandcollected,theteachersentthestudentshome.句法功用作主語(yǔ):Walkingisgoodexercise.Itsnicetalkingtoyou.Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthenewmethodhasgreatlyrais

46、edlabourproductivity.作賓語(yǔ):Yourshoesneedpolishing.Youmustntdelaysendingthetractorsover.Heavoidedgivingusadefiniteanswer.作介詞賓語(yǔ):動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)用的時(shí)候最多.它?？梢杂迷谀承┏烧Z(yǔ)后面,常見(jiàn)的有:insiston,persistin,thinkof,dreamof,objectto,suspect。匕accuseof,chargewith,hearof,approveof,preventfrom,keepfrom,stopfrom,refrainfrom,beengagedin

47、,lookforwardto,opposedto,dependon,thankfor,feellike,excusefor,aimat,devoteto,setabout,spend-in,get(be)usedto,befondof,becapableof,beafraidof,betiredof,besickof,succeedin,beinterestedin,feel(be)ashamedof,beproudof,bekeenon,beresponsiblefor.作表語(yǔ):Therealproblemisgettingtoknowtheneedsofthepeople.動(dòng)名詞和不定式都

48、可以作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ).一般說(shuō)來(lái),在表示抽象的一般的行為時(shí)多用動(dòng)名詞;在表示具體某詞動(dòng)作,特別是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作時(shí),多用不定式.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):分詞可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,find,keep,get,have等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).Thewordsimmediatelysetusalllaughing.Oncewecaughthimdozingoffinclass.Hisremarkleftmewonderingwhathewasdrivingat.在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等動(dòng)詞后，及可用現(xiàn)在分詞，也可用不定式構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).用現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí),表示

49、動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,用不定式時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了.Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?Yes,Idid.Iheardhimknockthreetimes.作狀語(yǔ):現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常都表示主語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作,來(lái)對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的主要?jiǎng)幼骷右孕揎椈蜃鳛榕阋r.Iranoutofthehouseshouting.Igothome,feelingverytired.DrivingtoChicagothatnight,Iwasstruckbyasuddenthought.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以用作狀語(yǔ)表示原因,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示原因的狀語(yǔ)從句.Notknowingheraddress,w

50、ecouldntgetintouchwithher.Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Havingalreadyseenthefilmtwice,shedidntwanttogotothecinema.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于when引起的從句：Seeingthosepictures,hecouldnthelpthinkingofthosememorabledaystheyspenttogether.如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是完全同時(shí)發(fā)生的，多用when或while加分詞這種結(jié)構(gòu).Becarefulwhencrossingthestr

51、eet.Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.ShegottoknowthemwhileattendingaconferenceinBeijing.前面帶有代詞或名詞的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)：一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞前面可以加一個(gè)物主代詞（或名詞的所有格結(jié)構(gòu)）,來(lái)表示這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ).Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Oursoleworryisyourrelyingtoomuchonyourself.Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theyinsistedonmystayin

52、gthereforsupper.如果不是在句子開(kāi)頭,這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)常?？梢杂妹~的普通格（或人稱代詞賓格）,這比用所有格更自然一些.Idontmindhimgoing.Shehatespeoplelosingtheirtemper.只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:suggest,finish,avoid,stop,canthelp,mind,admit,enjoy,leaveoff,require,postpone,putoff,delay,practise,fancy,excuse,pardon,advise,consider,deny,endure,escape,miss既可用動(dòng)名詞,也可用不定式作賓

53、語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:love,like,hate,dislike,begin,start,continue,intend,attempt,cantbear,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,neglect,try,deserve,cantafford等.有時(shí)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)之間意義差別不大，有時(shí)卻有不同的意思.在remember,regret,want,try等詞后差別是比較明顯的.Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.Imustremembertotakemynotebookswithme.Iregretnothavingaccepte

54、dyouradvice.IregrettosayIhaventgivenyouenoughhelp.Shedoesntwant（need）tocome.Thehousewants（needs）cleaning.Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.Letstrydoingtheworksomeotherway.懸垂修飾:分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),表示的必須是主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).Walkingthroughthepark,wesawalotofflowers,（walking是we的動(dòng)作，正確）Walkingthroughthepark,theflowerslookedve

55、rybeautiful.（錯(cuò)誤）Standingonthetower,wecouldseethewholecity.（正確）Standingonthetower,thewholevillagecouldbeseen.（錯(cuò)誤）分詞意義:過(guò)去分詞通常來(lái)自及物動(dòng)詞,帶有被動(dòng)意義和完成意義;而現(xiàn)在分詞有的來(lái)自及物動(dòng)詞,有的來(lái)自不及物動(dòng)詞,通常帶有主動(dòng)意義和未完成意義.frozenfoodaboredtravelleralostcauseaconqueredarmyfrozenfoodaboredtravelleralostcauseaconqueredarmyafinishedarticlethesp

56、okenwordaclosedshoparecordedtalkafreezingwindaboringjourneyalosingbattleaconqueringarmythelastfinishingtouchaspeakingbirdtheclosinghourarecordingmachine來(lái)自不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞很少能單獨(dú)用作前置修飾語(yǔ),能作這樣用的僅限于下面幾個(gè)詞,僅表示完成意義,不表示被動(dòng)意義.therisensun,fallenleaves,faded/witheredflowers,returnedstudents,retiredworkers,departedfrien

57、ds,escapedprisoners,thevanishedjewels,newly-arrivedvisitors用作后置修飾語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞一般都帶有修飾語(yǔ)或其他成分,在意義上相當(dāng)于關(guān)系分句.Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothereceptionwereoldfriends.句法作用作定語(yǔ)：distinguishedguest貴賓，unknownheroes無(wú)名英雄，armedforces武裝部隊(duì)，cannedfood罐頭食品，boiledwater開(kāi)水，steamedbread饅頭，strickenarea災(zāi)區(qū)分詞還可構(gòu)成合成詞作定語(yǔ)：simply-furnishedro

58、om陳設(shè)簡(jiǎn)單的房間，clear-cutanswer明確的答復(fù)，highly-developedindustry高度發(fā)展的工業(yè)，heartfeltthanks衷心的感謝，hand-madegoods手工制品，man-madesatellite人造衛(wèi)星作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：可以帶過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：see,hear,feel,find,think等表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞.Isawthestudentsassembledinthehall.Wefoundhergreatlychanged.make,get,have,keep等表示”致使”意義的動(dòng)詞：Ihavemyhaircuteverytenday

59、s.Shegotherbadtoothpulledout.Pleasekeepusinformedofthelatestdevelopments.like,want,wish,order等表示希望，要求，命令等意義的動(dòng)詞：Idontwantanyofyou(tobe)involvedinthescandal.Hewontlikesuchquestions(tobe)discussedatthemeeting.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)常用作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)，很多都說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況.Guidedbytheseprinciples，theywentonwiththework，Delightedwithhe

60、rwork，theymadeherthegeneralmanager.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)也可作狀語(yǔ)表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示原因的狀語(yǔ)從句.Influencedbyhisexample，theyperformedcountlessgooddeeds.有時(shí)也可說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句.Thismethod，triedinareasnearShanghai，resultedinamarkedriseintotalproduction.間或也可表示一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件從句.Givencloseranalysis,wecanseethisistotallywrong.偶爾也可