1、旅游學(xué)概論LYXGL天津商業(yè)大學(xué)商學(xué)院旅游管理系緒 論緒論概要一、世界旅游發(fā)展狀況1、世界旅游狀況2、中國旅游發(fā)展狀況（1）入境旅游（2）國內(nèi)旅游（3）出境旅游二、旅游學(xué)的研究對象和課程性質(zhì)三、旅游學(xué)科的研究以及本課的內(nèi)容簡介四、旅游學(xué)的研究方法五、 Career Possibilities學(xué)習(xí)目的通過緒論學(xué)習(xí)，你能夠：理解旅游學(xué)與旅游科學(xué)了解旅游學(xué)的研究對象以及本課程的主要內(nèi)容了解旅游學(xué)的研究方法、中國旅游發(fā)展狀況 入境旅游 國際旅游 旅游包括兩方面的內(nèi)容 出境旅游 國內(nèi)旅游 中國政府出于賺取外匯的目的，于七十年代末八十年代初首先發(fā)展了國際接待旅游業(yè)（即入境旅游）；由入境旅游帶動中國公民的國

2、內(nèi)旅游；進而產(chǎn)生了一定的出境旅游市場。中國旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展模式：入境旅游國內(nèi)旅游出境旅游（1）入境旅游 Inbound TourismThe mode of Chinas tourism development is quite different from that in most of the development countries in the world. For political and economic purposes, China started its tourism activities based on inbound travel only. As a develop

3、ing country, China gives priority to inbound tourism for its foreign exchange earnings.中國國際入境旅游發(fā)展狀況改革開放以來，我國旅游業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)模。旅游入境人數(shù)：由1978年的180.92萬人次上升為1998 年的6347.84萬人次，增34倍；旅游外匯收入：1998年已達到126.02億美圓，比1978年增長46.9倍，旅游業(yè)成為我國外匯收入的重要來源；旅游涉外飯店：由1978年的不足200家發(fā)展到1998年的5782家；旅行社：五十年代中期只有國旅、中旅及其十幾家分社，1998年發(fā)展到6222家。（2）國內(nèi)

4、旅游 Domestic TourismUntil the mid-1980s, domestic tourism hardly existed, China gives priority to inbound tourism for its foreign exchange earnings;To meet the growing demand for leisure travel among Chinas own citizens and to encourage personal consumption for economic growth, the central government

5、 has issued a number of policies to promote domestic tourism.In 1992, weeklong holidays were first introduced;In 1995, a five-day work week was introduced;Starting in 1999, three weeklong holidays were established around May 1(May Day/Labor Day), October 1 (National Day), and the lunar Spring Festiv

6、al of Chinese New Year.中國公民國內(nèi)旅游發(fā)展迅速旅游類型：以觀光為主同時開始產(chǎn)生度假需求。假日經(jīng)濟（節(jié)日經(jīng)濟）：黃金周 五一、十一、春節(jié)。目前，中國旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展是一手抓國際旅游，一手抓國內(nèi)旅游，從以國際旅游為主改變?yōu)閲H與國內(nèi)旅游并重。Characteristics of domestic tourismThe average length of stay by domestic travelers was four to six days;Purpose. The majority of domestic visitors were traveling for leis

7、ure, recreation and holidays, or visiting friends and relatives;More than 90% of domestic visitors chose to arrange their trips by themselves;Occupation. More than one-third visitors are the executives and professionals.Outbound Tourism Parallel with the development of both incoming and domestic tou

8、rism, control of outbound travel has been relaxed, and some Southeast and East Asian countries have become popular destinations for Chinese visitors. The number of outbound visitors has been increasing with each year;The number of open destinations is growing now. CNTA has approved 76 overseas tours

9、 destinations by the end of last month.As a result, Chinas tourism accounts will increasingly be more balanced, with tourist flows in both directions. Nowadays, equal attention is paid to both international and domestic tourism in terms of their contribution to local and regional social and economic

10、 development within China.Main Destinations of Outbound Travelers in 2000Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region, Thailand, Russia, Japan, The Republic of Korea, The United States, Singapore, The Democratic Republic of Korea, Australia. 二、旅游學(xué)的研究對象和課程性質(zhì)1、旅游學(xué)的研究對象旅

11、游活動。即研究旅游者、旅游業(yè)以及雙方活動對旅游接待地區(qū)社會文化、經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境影響的科學(xué)。 、課程性質(zhì)旅游學(xué)概論是本學(xué)科的一門專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課，必修課。 它是為所有課程打基礎(chǔ)的一門先修課。三、旅游學(xué)科的研究以及本課的內(nèi)容簡介、旅游學(xué)科研究狀況對事物的認識受其客觀表現(xiàn)程度的限制。從世界范圍來講，對旅游的研究已有近百年的歷史了，它總是與每一階段上旅游的發(fā)展程度有關(guān)。在旅游的發(fā)展過程中，人們首先注意到的是旅游領(lǐng)域中的經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象，在旅游經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域完成了很有價值的學(xué)術(shù)研究；二戰(zhàn)之后出現(xiàn)了旅游社會學(xué)、環(huán)境學(xué)、心理學(xué)、法學(xué)等分支學(xué)科，對旅游的研究由單純的經(jīng)濟研究發(fā)展為對社會的研究。旅游學(xué)基本理論學(xué)科：經(jīng)濟學(xué)、社會學(xué)、心理

12、學(xué)、法學(xué)；（分別從不同的側(cè)面研究旅游活動）應(yīng)用學(xué)科：旅行社管理、酒店管理等。旅游學(xué)旅游活動旅游者活動旅游社會學(xué)旅游心理學(xué)旅游人類學(xué)旅游行為學(xué)供求關(guān)系旅游經(jīng)濟學(xué)旅游美學(xué)旅游生態(tài)學(xué)旅游史學(xué)旅游地理學(xué)旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)活動旅游管理學(xué)旅游會計學(xué)旅游規(guī)劃學(xué)旅游營銷學(xué)支持學(xué)科、旅游概論課程的研究內(nèi)容及與其它課程的關(guān)系 研究方法：Tourism commonly is approached through a variety of methods.However,there is little or no agreement on how the study of tourism should be undertak

13、en.The following are several methodsthat have been used.Institutional ApproachProduct ApproachHistorical ApproachManagerial ApproachEconomic ApproachSociological ApproachGeographical ApproachInterdisciplinary ApproachesThe Systems Approach五、 Career PossibilitiesAirlinesBus CompaniesCruise CompaniesR

14、ailroadsRental Car CompaniesHotel, Motels, and ResortsTravel AgenciesTour CompaniesFood ServiceTourism EducationTourism ResearchTravel CommunicationsRecreation and LeisureAttractionsTourist Offices and Information CentersConvention and Visitor BureausMeeting PlannersSample Occupations,Values & Inter

15、estsAccommodationsHotel OwnerHotel ManagerOperations ChambermaidEntry ChambermaidTour & TravelTour Bus Line OwnerTour Bus Line Mgr.Tour Bus DriverTicket AgentAttractionsAmusement Park G.M.Director of Special AttractionsOperations Ride OperatorEntry Ride OperatorFood & BeverageRestaurant OwnerRestaurant ManagerAsst Executive HousekeeperSuperintendent of Bus MaintenanceAmusement Park SupervisorMaitre DBartenderFood & Beverage Ser