1、UNIT 4HISTORY AND TRADITIONS重點單詞短語講練1.surround vt.圍繞;包圍單句填空The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which (surround) by a high wire fenceSteve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded his family.Determining where we are in relation to our (sur-round) remains an essential skill for our surv

2、ivalwas surroundedbysurroundingsSurround (you) with uplifting individuals who chal-lenge you to be better while loving you for who you are, and be patient to the people who are the complete opposite of that description.句式升級The Swiss can feel secure because they are surrounded by Europe. (用過去分詞短語作原因狀

3、語改寫), the Swiss can feel secure.yourselfSurrounded by Europe點撥(1)surround sb./sth. with sb./sth.使某人/物包圍某人/物surround oneself with sb./sth.喜歡結(jié)交(某類人);喜歡身邊總有(某類東西)be surrounded by.被包圍(2)surrounding adj.周圍的(3)surroundings n.環(huán)境2.charge n.收費;指控;主管 vt.收費;控告;充電 vi.向方向沖去單句填空At first the price of single copies

4、 was seldom a pennyusually two or three cents was chargedand some of the older well-known papers (charge) five or six cents.(2019課標全國)The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and (charge) toward me.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it

5、used (charge).chargedchargesto chargeDepending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements, extra charge may be made for providing special food.完成句子約翰,你會同意負責這項工作嗎? John, will you agree to the work? (2020全國新高考)antake charge of同義句改寫Police have charged Mr. Bell with murder. (用accuse改寫)Police m

6、urder.He is in charge of the class.The class him.(用The class作主語改寫)He the class.(用He作主語改寫)句式升級Mr. Bell,who is in charge of the class, by police. (用定語從句連接原句)have accused Mr. Bell ofis in the charge oftakes charge ofhas been charged with murder點撥(1)charge sb. with (doing) sth.=accuse sb. of (doing) sth

7、.指控某人犯罪charge sb. money for sth.因某物收某人錢(2)free of charge免費in the charge of被掌管;由負責in charge of掌管(強調(diào)狀態(tài))take charge of掌管(強調(diào)動作)易錯(1)in charge of sth.意為“(某人)負責,掌管”,表示主動;in the charge of sb./in sb.s charge意為“(某事)由某人負責/掌管”,表示被動。(2)類似短語有:in possession of意為“占有”,表示主動;in the possession of意為“被占有”,表示被動。in contro

8、l of意為“管理,控制”,表示主動;in the control of意為“由管理/控制”,表示被動。3.announce vt.宣布;通知;聲稱單句填空Encourage readers to use the library. Share library (announcement)on your social media.(2020課標全國)He said the lucky woman will be (announce)on the website and the trip will be shared online.As the ceremony was nearing the e

9、nd, I suddenly heard the head coach (announce), “The highest honor goes to CathyannouncementsannouncedannouncingThe government yesterday announced the media plans to create a million new jobs. 同義句改寫 People announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced. (用it作形式主語) new speed restrictions w

10、ould be introduced.toIt was announced that點撥(1)It is/was announced that.據(jù)稱;據(jù)宣布announce to sb. sth./that.向某人宣布(2)announcement n.公告;宣布make an announcement下通知;宣布易錯announce后不跟雙賓語,即不能說announce sb. sth.,可以說announce to sb. sth.。類似不接雙賓語的動詞還有explain、say、report、describe、suggest、mention、express等。易混(1)announce指

11、把人們關(guān)心或感興趣的事情公布于眾,尤其是新聞之類的消息。(2)declare多指正式地當眾發(fā)布某件大事、要聞或官方立場、態(tài)度等,常用于宣戰(zhàn)、議和或宣判。4.approach n.方法;途徑;接近 vt.接近;接洽;著手處理 vi.靠近賞句猜義If a child approaches him,he will pause to give that child his undivided atten-tion.(2019天津) She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.We are finally waking

12、up to the severity of the problem by supporting and de-veloping a group of tools,apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.(2019北京)接近接洽方法However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline ap-proaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.(2018北京)A

13、s I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign.(2018北京) A rethink is requiredand as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out. 接近接近方法單句填空I couldnt see Don, but as I (approach) the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt, and dashed back to me.In Bellevue

14、, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new (approach).Chinas approach protecting its environment while feeding its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the banks Juergen Voegele.(2018課標全國)approachedapproachesto完成

15、句子所以我慢慢地接近不速之客,隔著柵欄,朝它臉上噴了一口。(approach) So I and, through the fence, sprayed him in the face.(2020浙江)approached our uninvited guest slowly點撥(1)the approach of sth.某事的來臨make an approach to要求;建議an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法(2)approach sb. about/for sth.就某事與某人接洽approach sb./sth.接近某人/某物聯(lián)想just aro

16、und/round the corner(時間上)臨近地,馬上,快要;(距離上)緊鄰地,很近地5.crowd n.人群;一群人;民眾 vt.擠滿;使擁擠單句填空We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.(2020天津)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a (crowd) mountain with lines of tour

17、ists ruining the atmosphere of peace? (2019課標全國)thecrowdedAggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded small trees that compete with big trees for resources(資源)The city (crowd) with disappointed people with no in-terest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold dis

18、coveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.(2018課標全國)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017課標全國)withwas crowdedcrowds完成句子穿過一群人后,我終于找到了地鐵的一個出口。After , I finally found a

19、exit of the subway.making my way through a crowd of/crowds of people點撥(1)a crowd of=crowds of一大群;一群人the crowd人群(2)crowd in/into(想法、問題等)涌上心頭;涌入腦海crowd around/round (sb./sth.)聚集在某人/物周圍;聚攏(3)crowded adj.擁擠的be crowded with充滿,擠滿易錯crowd是集合名詞,作主語時,如果強調(diào)整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù);如果強調(diào)個體,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。類似的詞還有family、class、team、gover

20、nment、compa-ny、group等。1.break away (from sb./sth.) 脫離;背叛;逃脫介、副詞填空Jones idea has been fully realizedthe “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.Breaking firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves:in time,one of

21、 them would become great again.downupHer friends came to help her when the war broke.(2017浙江)I didnt know where to go and how to find courage to break the barriers that were holding me back.There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break the house.完成句子他去年脫離了我們公司,此后,我再也沒有見過他。He last year, s

22、ince then I have seen him no more. outthroughintobroke away from our company點撥break down打倒;分解;出故障break in強行進入;插嘴,打斷break into強行闖入;突然開始(笑、唱等)break out(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疾病等)突然發(fā)生,爆發(fā)break through沖突;突破;克服;戰(zhàn)勝break up拆開;結(jié)束2.belong to 屬于單句填空And I have never known an average man who had both. The two (belong) together.

23、First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they be-long a particular group.Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of (belong), a bond with others.(2018課標全國)belongtobelongingAdults understand what it feels like to be floo

24、ded with objects. Why do we of-ten assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their (belong)?(2018課標全國)belongings一句多譯老虎是一種大而兇猛的動物,屬于貓科。 A tiger is a large fierce animal the cat family. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語)A tiger is a large fierce animal the cat family. (定語從句)belonging towhich/that belongs to點撥(1)bel

25、ong vi.應(yīng)在(某處);適應(yīng)(2)belonging n.歸屬感a sense of belonging歸屬感(3)belongings n.財產(chǎn);所有物易錯belong to無被動語態(tài),無進行時,后接名詞或代詞賓格。聯(lián)想類似belong to,不能用于進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的短語還有:date back to/date from(追溯到), consist of(包括), take place(發(fā)生)等。3.as well as 同(一樣也);和;還單句填空Amy, as well as her brothers, (give) a warm wel-come when returning

26、to the village last week.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start callingwell.(2017課標全國)What does Mr. Li do?He works on newspapers as well as (teach) us English.was givenasteaches同義句改寫The workers want to reduce working hours as well as increase th

27、eir pay. , but they also want to reduce working hours.(用not only.but also.和倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)改寫)Not only do the workers want to increase their pay點撥(1)as well as用作連詞,連接兩個并列的成分,如名詞、形容詞等,通常不位于句首。(2)當主語含有as well as時,謂語動詞要和as well as前面的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。類似用法的還有together with、along with、with、besides、but、ex-cept、including、rathe

28、r than等。(3)as well as作介詞,相當于besides、in addition to,意為“除之外(還有)”,后面通常接名詞或動詞-ing形式。(4)as well意為“也;又;而且”,相當于too、also。may/might as well表示委婉的建議,一般是針對當時的情況提出另外的提議,意為“不妨,還是吧”。1.if any省略句教材原句So what is the difference between them, if any?同義句改寫And, having spoken to many of the worlds foremost AI researchers,

29、I believe th-ere is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever.(2020北京)And, having spoken to many of the worlds foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, . (改成完整句)if there is everHas it been a while since your last visi

30、t to a public library? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? , you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. (改成完整句)If it is possible, you should try it once more., yo

31、u should try it once more. (改成省略句)If it is soIf possibleWash it in water and pick out the small particles, if there are any.Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, . (改成省略句)完成句子如果你方便的話,我們8:30在校門口外面見面。如果不方便,讓我知道什么時間最適合你。If its convenient for you, lets meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. .if anyIf not, letme know what time suits you best點撥該句中,if any相當于if there is any difference。當狀語從句的主語是it/there be句型時,從句的主語和謂語部分的be或there be可以省略。聯(lián)想if構(gòu)成的其他省略形式:if so如果這樣的