1、- - PAGE 43 -201512 月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題（三套卷）一、在答題前，請認(rèn)真完成以下內(nèi)容：認(rèn)無誤后完成以下兩點要求。請將試題冊背面條形碼粘貼條揭下后粘貼在答題卡1 的條形碼粘貼框內(nèi)，并將姓名和準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在試題冊背面相應(yīng)位置。請在答題卡1 和答題卡2 指定位置用黑色簽字筆填寫準(zhǔn)考證號、姓名和學(xué)校名稱，并用HB-2B 鉛筆將對應(yīng)準(zhǔn)考證號的信息點涂黑。二、在考試過程中，請注意以下內(nèi)容：所有題目必須在答題卡上規(guī)定位置作答，在試題冊上或答題卡上非規(guī)定位置的作答一律無效。作文期間不得翻閱該試題冊。聽力錄音播放完畢后，請立即停止作答，監(jiān)考員將立即回收答題卡 1 ，得到監(jiān)考員指令后方可繼續(xù)作

2、答。內(nèi)作答。選擇題均為單選題，錯選、不選或多選將不得分，作答時必須使用HB-2B鉛筆在答題卡上相應(yīng)位置填涂，修改時須用橡皮擦凈。三、以下情況按違規(guī)處理：不正確填寫 涂個人信息，錯貼、不貼、毀損條形碼粘貼條。未按規(guī)定翻閱試題冊、提前閱讀試題、提前或在收答題卡期間作答。未用所規(guī)定的筆作答、折疊或毀損答題卡導(dǎo)致無法評卷。考試期間在非聽力考試時間佩戴耳機。Section ALitsteningComprehension(30 minutes)Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2conversations.At the e

3、nd of each conversation.one or more questionswill be asked aboutwhat was said.Both the conversationand the questionswill be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause.Duringthe pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer. Then m

4、ark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1 上作答A) They admire the courage of spaceexplorersThey enjoyed the movie on spaceexplorationThey were going to watch a wonderfulmovieThey like doing scientific exploratron verymuchA)At a giftshopAt a gra

5、duationceremony.In the office of a travelagencyIn a schoollibraryA) He used to work in the artgalleryHe does not have a goodmemoryHe declined a job offer from the artgalleryHe is not interested in any part-timejobsA) Susan has been invited to give a lecturetomorrowHe will go to the birthday party af

6、ter thelectureThe woman should have informed himearlierHe will be unable to attend the birthdaypartyA) Reward those having made goodprogressSet a deadline for the staff tomeetAssign more workers to theproject.Encourage the staff to work in SmallgroupsA) The way to the visitorsparkingThe rate for par

7、king in LotCHow far away the parking lotis.Where she can leave hercar.A) He regrets missing theclassesHe plans to take the fitnessclasses.He is looking forward to a betterlifeHe has benefited fromexerciseA) How to raise workefficiency.How to selectsecretariesThe responsibilities ofsecretanesThe secr

8、etaries inthe mans company.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9A) It Is more difficult to learn thanEnglishIt is used by more people thanEnglish.It will be as commonly used asEnglishIt will eventually become a worldlanguageA) Its loan words from manylanguagesIts popu

9、larity with the commonpeople.The influence of the BritishEmpireThe effect of the IndustrialRevolutionA) It includes a lot of words from otherlanguagesIt has a growing number of newly coinedwordsIt can be easily picked up by overseastravellersIt is the largest among all languages in theworldQuestions

10、 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) To return somegoodsTo apply for ajob.To place anorder.To make acomplaintA) He has become somewhat impatient with thewomanHe is not familiar with the exact details of thegoodssHe has not worked in the sales department forlong.He works on

11、a part-time basis for thecompanyA) it is not hisresponsibilityIt will be free for largeordersIt costs15 more for expressdeliveryIt depends on a number offactorsA) Report the information to hersuperiorPay a visit to the saleswoman inchargegeRing back when she comes to adecisionMake inquiries with som

12、e othercompanies Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of eachpassage,you willhear somequestions.Both thepassage and thewill be spoken only once.After you hear a queslion, you must choosethebestanswerfromthe four choicesmarked A), B), C) andD).Thenmark corr

13、esponding leltert on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthecentre注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1 上作答。Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) No one Knows exactly where they were firstmadeNo one knows for sure when they came intobeingNo one knows for what purpose they werei

14、nventedNo one knows what they will IooK like in thefutureA) Carry ropes acrossriversMeasure the speed ofwindPass on secretmessagesGive warnings ofdangerA) To protect houses againstlightning.To test the effects of the lightningrod.To find out the strength of silk forkitesTo prove that lightning isele

15、ctncity.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) She enjoys teachinglanguagesShe can speak severallanguages.She was trained to be aninterpreter.She was born with a talent forlanguagesA) They acquire an immunity to cultureshock.They would like to live abroadperman

16、entlyThey want to learn as many foreign languages aspossibleThey have an intense interest in cross-culturalinteractionsA) She became an expert in horseracingShe got a chance to visit several EuropeancountriesShe was able to translate for a German sportsjudgeShe learned to appreciate classicalmusicA)

17、 Taste the beef and give hercomment.Take part in a cookingcompetition.Teach vocabulary for food inEnglishGive cooking lessons on Western food Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) He had only a third-gradeeducation.He once threatened to kill histeacherHe gre

18、w up in a poor single-parentfamilyHe often helped his mother dohouseworkKA)CaelesssStupidBraveActiveA) Write two book reports aweekKeep adiaryHelp wathhouseworkWatch educational TV programsonly.Section CDirections:In thissection, you will hear a passage threetimes.Whenthe passage is read for the fir

19、st time, you should listen carefully for itsgeneralidea. When the passage is read for the second tlme, you are required tofillintheblankswiththeexactwords you have justheard.Finally,the passage Is read for the third time, you should check what youhavewritten注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1 上作答。When you look up at the

20、 night sky, what doyousee？There are other (26) bodies out there besides the moon and stars. One of themost(27)of theseisa come( 彗星 )Comets were formed around the same time the Earth was formed. They are (28)ice and other frozen liquids andgases.(29)these“dirty snowballs begin to orbit the sun, just

21、as the planetsdo.As a comet getsclosertothesun,somegases initbeginto unfreeze.Theydust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets evennearerto the sun, a solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet, thus forming its tail.Thetailand the (31)fuzzy(模糊的) atmosphere around acomet ar

22、e (32)can help identifythis(33)in the nightsky.In any given year, about a dozen known comets come close to the sun in theirorbits.The averagepersoncantsee them all,ofcourse.Usuallythereisonlyor two a year bright enough to be seenwiththe(34)eye. CometHale-Bopp,discoveredin1995,wasanunusuallybrightcom

23、et.Itsorbitbroughtitclose to the Earth, within 122 million miles of it. But Hale-Bopp came a longwayon its eathly visit. It wont be back for another four thousandd years or so. PartIIIReadingComprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are re

24、quired to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in aword bank following the pasage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by aletter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single

25、 line through the centre. You may not use any of thewordsinbank more thanonceQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society. However, theygenerallyagree withth

26、e ideathatinequalltyinthe informahonsocietyis 36 differentfromthatofanthatofan industrialsociety.ASinformatizationprogressesinsociety,thecauseand structural nature of social inequality changes as well.Itseemsthatthe informatronsociety 37 thequantityofinformationavailableto the members of a societ by

27、 revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanginginformation.But suchh aview isa 38 analysisbased onthe quantityof informationsuppliedby variousformsof teemass media.A different 39 ispossiblewhentheactualamount ofinformation 40 bythe useristakenintoaccount.Infact,themore information 41 throughout th

28、e entire society,the wider the gap becomesbetween “infonnationhaves and informationhave-nots,leadingto digttaldivide.Accordingtorecentstudies,digitaldividehas been caused by threemajor 42:class,sex,and generation.Interms of class,digitaldivideexistsamongdifferenttypesof workersand between theupperan

29、d middleclassesand thelowerclass.With43 tosex,digitaldivideexistsbetween men and women.The greatestgap,however,is between the Net-generation. 44 with personal computers and the internet, andthe older generation, 45 to an industrial society.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2 上作答。accustomedacquiredassemblyattributechampi

30、onselementsexpandsfamiliarflowsfundamentallyinterpretationpassiveregardrespectivelysuperficialSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs ldentify the paratgraph from which

31、 the informaton is derived.You maychoose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletteron Answer Sheet 2.Joy: A Subject Schools LackBecoming educated should not require giving up pleasureWhen Jonathan Swift proposed, in 172

32、9, that the people of Ireland eat their children, he insisted it would solve three problems at once: feed the hungry masses, reducethepopulationduring a severe depression,and stimulatetherestaurant business. Even as asatire),itseems disgustingandshockinginAmericawith its child-centeredculture.Butact

33、ually,thecountryis to his proposal than you mightthinkIf you spend much time with educators and policy makers, youll hear a lotofthefollowingwords:standards,“results,“skills,“self-control,“accountability,and soon.Ihavevisitedsome ofthenewersupposedly“effectiveschools,where childrenshoutslogansin ord

34、erto learnor must stand behind their desk when they cant sitstillA IooK at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantlyclearthatwhenpeoplethinkabout education,theyare not thinkingaboutwhat itlike to be a child, or what makes cinldhood an important and valuable stageoflife in its ow

35、n rightIma mother of three,ateacher,and adevelopmentalpsychologist.SoIvea lotofchildren-talking,playing,arguing,eating,studying,and beingyoung.Heres what Ive come to understand. The thing that sets children apart fromadults is not their ignorance, nor their lack of skills. Its their enormouscapacity

36、forjoy.Thinkof a 3-year-oldlostinthepleasuresoffindingouthe can and cannotsinkinthe bathtub,a 5-year-oldbesideherselfwiththe thrillof putting together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an11-year-oldcompletelyabsorbedina fascinatingcomic strip.A childsto become deeply absorbed in

37、 something, and derive intense pleasure fromthatabsorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.Afriendtoldmethefollowingstory.One day, when he went to gethis7-year-old son from soccerpractice,hiskidgreetedhim witha downcast face and a sad voice.The coach had citici

38、zed him for not focusing on his soccer drills. The littleboy walkedoutoftheschoolwithhishead and shouldershangingdown. Heseemed wrapped insadness.But justbeforehe reached thecar door,he suddenlystopped, crouching () downto peeratsomething onthe sidewalk.Hisface wentdownlower and lower, and then, wti

39、h complete joy hecalledout,“Dad. Come here.This is the strangestbugIve ever seen. It has, like, a million legs. Lookat this.Itsamazing.Helookedup at hisfather,hisfeaturesoverflowingwithenergyanddelight.“Cant we stay here for justaminute？I want to find out what he does with all those legs. This is th

40、e coolestever.The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charmingbutirrelevantbyproductof youth-somethingtobe pushed asidetomakeroom forimportantqualities,likeperseverance(堅持不懈 ),obligation,and practicality.Yet moments like this one are just the Kind of intense absorption and ple

41、asureadults spend the rest of their lives seeking, Human lives are governed by thedesireto experiencejoy.Becoming educatedshouldnotrequiregivingup joyrather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels insteadofplaying with small figures, conducting experiments instead of sinking cups

42、inthebathtub,and debatingseriousissuesratherthanstringingtogetherwords, for example. In some cases, schools should help children find new,moregrown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: makingart, making friends, making decisions.Buildingon a childsabilitytofeeljoy,rathe

43、rthan pushingitaside,wouldnt be thathard.Itwouldjustrequirea shiftin theeducationworld smindset( 思維模式 ).lnstead of trying to get children to work hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, like makingthings,workingwithothers,exploringideas,andsolvingprob

44、lems? These focuses are not so different from the things in which theydelightBefore you brush thisargument asideas rubbish,or thinkof joyas an unaffordable luxury in a nation where there is awful poverty, low academic achievement,andhighdropoutrates,thinkagain.The more horribletheschoolcircumstances

45、,themore important pleasure is to achieving any educational successManyoftheassignmentsand rulesteacherscome up with,oftenbecause theypressured by their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemiesofcompetence and responsibility. The assumption is that children shouldnt chatin the classroom

46、because ithindershard work;instead,they shouldlearntogratification) sothat theycanpursueabstractgoalslikegoingtocollege.Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense educationally. Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in sch

47、ool, kids need to want to learn. You can force achild to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practice division. Butyoucantforcethe childto thinkcarefully,enjoybooks,digestcomplex information, or develop a taste for learning. Tomakethathappen,youhavetohelp the child find pleasure ln lea

48、mang-to see school as a source ofjoy.Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good for you. Why not instead think of leaming as if itwerefood-something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it as apleasure？Joy shouldnotbe trainedou

49、tofchildrenor leftforafter-schoolprograms.Themore difficult a childs life circumstances, the more important it is for thatchild to find joy in his orherclassroom.”Pleasure is not a dirty word. And it doesnt run counter to the goals of public education. It is, in fact,theprecondition.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2 上

50、作答。Itwillnot be difficultto makeleaminga source ofjoyifeducatorschange way ofthinkingWhat distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derivejoy from what they aredoingChildren in America are being treated with shockingcrueltyIt is human nature to seek joy inlife.Grown-ups are likel

51、y to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patientsBad school conditions make at all the more important to turn learning intoa joyfiulexperience.Adults do not consider childrens feelings when it comes toeducationAdministrators seemto believe that only hard work will lead children to

52、 their educationalgoals.In the so-called“effective schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strictrulesTo makelearningeffective,educatorshave to ensurethatchildrenwant to learn. Section CDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection. Each passage is folLowed by some questionsor unfinishe

53、dstatements.For each of them thereare fourmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice andmarkthecorrespondingletterOn Answer Sheet 2 witha singlelinethroughcentre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.When its five oclock, people leave their office. The

54、length of the workday,for many workers is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them theyre done.Thesedays,thetimeiseverywhere:notjustonclocksorwatches,butcell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work.Newresearchshowsthatclock-basedwork scheduleshindermorale ( )

55、 andcreativiyty.Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: ameetingfrom 9 a.m. to 10 a.m.,researchfom 10 a.m.to noon.etc.Ontheotherhand, task-timershave a listofthingstheywant toaccomplish.They work downthelist, each taskstartswhenthe previoustaskiscompleted.Itissai

56、dthatallof us employ a mix of both these types ofplanning.What, then,aretheeffectsofthinkingabouttimeinthesedifferentways? Doesone make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different a

57、ctivities-from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga-by time orto-do list to measure how they performed under clocktimevs“task time. found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they feltlittlecontrol over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but lessproduc

58、tive.They tend to enjoythe momentwhensomethinggood ishappening,and opportunities that comeup.The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued andunder-supported in the business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strate

59、gies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should

60、be used when performingajob thatrequiresmore creativity.Itllmakethosetaskseasier,and the task-doers will behappier.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2 上作答。What does the author think of timedisplayedeverywhere？It makes everybodytime-consciousIt is a convenience for work andlifeIt may have a negative effect on creativewor