1、概要寫作之找要點1概要寫作之找要點1What is a summary?Its a short statement (陳述) that covers only the main points of sth, not the details.牛津高階英漢雙解詞典概要：用簡短扼要(brief)的語言客觀(objective) 全面(thoroughly)呈現要點。2What is a summary?Its a shorExample ：A group of great teachers from other classes happily came to our beautiful and fr

2、iendly class.Ignore : the unnecessary details The main idea: Teachers came （to our class） 3Example ：3要求01020304 a 60-word summary（一段60詞）cover 4-5 points（4-5個要點） use your own words （自己的語言）use the brief sentences （簡明扼要）05proper connection (恰當銜接）Part 1 Requests ?(高考寫作要求）4要求01020304 a 60-word summary（1

3、Wrong Topic( 主旨和原文不符）2 Wrong Points/ lack points（要點錯誤/少要點）3 Not complete or details(要點不全/細節(jié)作要點）Whilewriting1.Without Own Language (抄原句，無自己語言）2.Poor Vocabulary (詞匯簡單，無豐富詞匯句式）3.Not brief and logical (不簡潔，不連貫）4.Other problems (書寫/分段/拼寫/詞句錯誤等）Part 2 Problems on summary writing Whilereading51 Wrong Topic

4、( 主旨和原文不符）Part 2 技巧01020304Skimming for the topic or purpose略讀知主題/意圖Scanning for the topic sentence尋讀找主題句Skipping for the key points or sub-points跳讀找主次要點List all the points in a form 用表格,列要點Part 3 Skills of Reading for points05Fast reading for the genre快讀定體裁6技巧01020304Skimming for the topA: anarrati

5、on (記敘文）- tells a story or event B:an exposition（說明文）- explain sth or share informationC:an argumentation（議論文）- make sb believe the authors opinionWhy do we need to know the genre?Narration (記敘文 )1. story (5w+1h):who, what, when where,why,how)2. event（beginning-development-ending)Exposition (說明文 )1.

6、 介紹事物描述性質/功用 2. 問題解決方法 3. 現象 原因本質Argumentation(議論文 )the topic the supporting evidence writers viewSkill 1. Fast reading for the genre 7A: anarration (記敘文）- tells aSkill 2- Skimming for the topic or purposeWhy?Knowing the topic can help us :1. leave out unnecessary details (刪除無關細節(jié)）2. present all the

7、points correctly（正確呈現要點）8Skill 2- Skimming for the top Scientists find that the hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidences show that the jobless are in poorer health than job-holders. An investigation shows that whenever the unem

8、ployment rate(失業(yè)率） increases by 1%，the death rate increases correspondingly(相應地) by 2%. All this comes down to one point：work is helpful to health. A:Hard-working people live longer B:Housewives are healthier C:Unemployment rate and death rate D:Work is good for health9 Scientists find that theSkill

9、 3-Discover the topic sentences below and think about their location B1 U 2 Standard and Dilaets ( expositon 說明文)Para 1: Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English .( 段落第2句, 前面是一個問句）Para 2: American English has many dialets. (段落第2句）Para 3: Geography also plays a part in making dia

10、lects. ( 段落第1句 ）Tip 1- Topic sentence can be the first or the last sentence or the answer of a question.(西方喜歡開門見山，主題句常見句首，也有句尾和問句后的答句）10Skill 3-Discover the topic senConsolidaton-underline the topic sentenceWhy is work good for health？ It is because work keeps people busy，away from loneliness. Resea

11、rches show that people feel unhappy，worried and solitary when they have nothing to do. Instead，the happiest are those who are busy. Besides，work gives one the sense of fulfillment(滿足感) and a sense of achievement (成就感）. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his w

12、riting or a doctor successfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his students progress，they are happy beyond words. Tip 2 -When you scan, pay attention to the linking words such as first , besides, on the other hand11Consolidaton-underline the tSkill 4 - Skipping for the key points or sub-poi

13、nts Skipping for the signal words as points主要點信號詞 ：1. 結果關系（so/as a result ) 2. 轉折后（however/but， to be honest）次要點常出現：列舉項目中/段中頻度高/邏輯關系While sports are for fun, it does not mean that they are not important to peoples life. Why do so many people go to see football matches and NBA games？ It is because th

14、ey enjoy the games, and they are willing to pay to watch the performances. Because of the sports stars, our life becomes more exciting. Some sports stars get honor for their country, and their countrymen are proud of them. They do good to the peoples mental health. Underline the central points and s

15、ubpoints (用下劃線劃出中心論點和次要點） Tip 3-When writing, connect all points brieflyWhy 表示結果(enjoy the games為key points，幾個because后是次要點( exciting, get honor, do good to )Summary: We appreciate the games for they make our life exciting and they are good for our mind.12Skill 4 - Skipping for the key Whats more, sp

16、orts stars usually are at the top of level in their fields. In this world, you have to pay if you want the best. For example, Da Vincis painting Mona Lisa (蒙娜麗莎）was bought for too much money because it stands for the top skills in it. Most stars are great in their own field not only because of their

17、 talents but also because of their hard training. They have to keep performing at their peak(尖端） to earn that good earnings.Does the points need to contain Monalisa? Why? Tip4-Leave out unnecessary examples ordetailsNo, it is only for the main points:you have to pay if it is the best. Sub -points: t

18、alents, hard training(=keep performing)Consolidation-Skim for central points& subpoints13 Whats more, sports starsSkill 5-List all the points in the form (用表格列要點)Tip 5： The form makes the outline clearly and logical for later writingTopic logicMain idea (para1- ) Supporting detailsrewriting 14Skill

19、5-List all the points inPart 4-Summary Writing: -How to look for the key points 1. 知文體（genre)-理解思路 (outline) 2. 知話題（topic) -找全要點 (all points)3. 主題句 topic sentence-段首尾和問題后 4. 主次要點 (CP and SP) -合并，改寫，刪細節(jié)5. 列表格（form)- 弄懂層次和邏輯（outline&logical)15Part 4-Summary Writing: -Ho 閱讀下面短文,根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。 Thro

20、ughout history, music spread among people of different cultures. In todays technological advanced society, however, people spread music online, sometimes without an artists permission. This can lead to many problems, and music companies are now dealing with this practice. Sharing music online withou

21、t permission is theft(偷竊). Sharing music online prevents recording companies from making money from their efforts. They say that sharing music online has resulted in a huge drop in profits and sales over the past 10 years. People who find music for free online are not paying for CDs or every MP3 dow

22、nloaded. To truly understand the influence of music piracy(盜版行為)on creators, one must understand how many people are involved in the recording process. For the sale of each album, profits must be shared among musicians, sound engineers, music producers, managers, advertisers, and the company selling

23、 the product. Many people believe sharing music only affects the recording artist, but the reality is that sharing hurts business of all the companies involved.16 閱讀下面短文,根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要 There are many people who dont see the harm in sharing music online and even think they have the right to do it

24、. One online blogger states that he originally paid for an entire CD and that he should be able to do with the material whatever he wants. While he may have legally paid for the music, he does not have the right to provide permission, which means people like the blogger are thieves. Although we dont

25、 spread todays music in the same way we did before, theres no doubt that people around the world love to share music. However, internet piracy would prevent musicians from continuing producing albums for fear of theft. Therefore, if people want to continue listening to their favorite artists, they n

26、eed to buy their music so that artists will make enough profits to continue their music careers.17 There are many people wh1. 知文體（genre)-理解思路 (outline) 本文是一篇Argumentation(議論文 )the topic the supporting evidence writers view未允許的網上音樂分享是盜竊-盜版會影響唱片相關人的利益/即使購買唱片也不能隨意分享-保護音樂版權2. 知話題（topic) -找全要點 (all point

27、s)Sharing music online 181. 知文體（genre)-理解思路 (outline) 13. 主題句 topic sentence-段首尾和問題后 Para1:Sharing music online without permission is theft(偷竊).Para2:Many people believe sharing music only affects the recording artist, butthe reality is that sharing hurts business of all the companies involved.Para3

28、:There are many people who dont see the harm in sharing music onlineand even think they have the right to do it. Para4:Therefore, if people want to continue listening to their favorite artists, they need to buy their music so that artists will make enough profits to continue their music careers.193.

29、 主題句 topic sentence-段首尾和問題后 4. 主次要點 (CP and SP) -合并，改寫，刪細節(jié)Para1:Sharing music online without permission is theft(偷竊).In todays technological advanced society, however, people spread music online, sometimes without an artists permission.合并改寫：Nowadays,it is regarded as a theft to share music online wi

30、thout permission.Para2:Many people believe sharing music only affects the recording artist, but the reality is that sharing hurts business of all the companies involved.合并改寫：Actually,not only does it affect relevant recording musicians but also does harm to business involved in the recording process.204. 主次要點 (CP and SP) -合并，改寫，4. 主次要點 (CP and SP) -合并，改寫，刪細節(jié)Para3:There are many people who dont see the harm in sharing music online and even think they have the right to do it. While he may have legally paid for the music, he does not have the right to provide permission, whi