1、什么是語(yǔ)法填空？ 語(yǔ)法填空一篇文章10個(gè)空，每空1分。其中，有些空有提示詞的，相當(dāng)于用所給詞的正確形式填空；其他空是沒(méi)有提示詞的，需要我們填入連詞，代詞，介詞，冠詞等虛詞。 在做語(yǔ)法填空題時(shí)，不僅應(yīng)通篇考慮，掌握文章的內(nèi)容和主題，而且還應(yīng)合理地運(yùn)用已學(xué)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)（詞義、詞性、詞語(yǔ)搭配、句子時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、固定句型以及相關(guān)文化背景知識(shí)）得出正確結(jié)論，可以用一種“由大到小”的思路去思考答案，也就是說(shuō)，可以從“篇章、句子、詞匯”三個(gè)層面去考慮。語(yǔ)法填空題型概述英語(yǔ)有十大詞性你知道幾種？詞性的定義：英語(yǔ)單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用,可以分成十個(gè)大類首先同學(xué)們想一下語(yǔ)法填空中我們填入的單詞有什么特點(diǎn)是不是有各種

2、詞性名詞動(dòng)詞形容詞副詞連詞冠詞感嘆詞代詞數(shù)詞介詞虛詞實(shí)詞名詞(表示人或物名稱的詞) 名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞 . 專有名詞是某個(gè)（些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing， China, the United States,等。 普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。(普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞)普通名詞又可分為下面四類： 個(gè)體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、 抽象名詞考點(diǎn)：1.可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞 2.可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù) 3.名詞的所有格代詞(代替名詞的詞)代詞可以分為下列九類：1. 人稱代詞： They are my school mates

3、. 2. 物主代詞： Our friends have great concern for each other. 3. 反身代詞： Take good care of yourselves. 4. 相互代詞：We should help each other. 5. 指示代詞： Who are these people? 6. 疑問(wèn)代詞：What are you doing? 7. 關(guān)系代詞：She married Tony Harper, who is a student too. 8. 連接代詞：Do you know who did it? 9. 不定代詞：Do you know an

4、ything about it? 形容詞 (修飾名詞等，說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征的詞) 形容詞可分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類，其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。 1) 直接說(shuō)明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞，它有級(jí)的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如：hot ,good ,wonderful等. 2) 敘述形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)，所以又稱為表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開(kāi)頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如：afraid, alone等 . 副詞(主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子) 說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。時(shí)間副詞: soon

5、, then, today, tomorrow, afterwards , now, 地點(diǎn)副詞: here, there程度副詞: very, quite, rather方式副詞: beautifully, reluctantly, well頻度副詞: often , frequently, always形容詞和副詞的考點(diǎn)：比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí) 單音節(jié)詞 一般單音節(jié)詞尾加-er，-estall tallertallest 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞，只加-r，-stlargelargerlargest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音詞，雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾的輔音字母再加-er，-estbigb

6、iggerbiggest雙音節(jié)詞以輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i再加-er，-esteasyeasiereasiest多音節(jié)詞 在前面加more, most來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)importantmore importantmost important動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞就是表示動(dòng)作或者是狀態(tài)的詞。例如：run；work；sleep，等 動(dòng)詞的分類根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為行為動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四類，有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞。動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)：1.動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)2.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)3.動(dòng)詞的固定搭配一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候注意動(dòng)詞的單三形式數(shù)詞 (表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞，數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少

7、的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞；表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。)一、基數(shù)詞 基數(shù)詞寫(xiě)法和讀法二、序數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞的縮寫(xiě)形式：first1st second2nd thirty-first31st三、數(shù)詞的用法 1）倍數(shù)表示法 2）分?jǐn)?shù)表示法介 詞 (介詞是什么?)按結(jié)構(gòu)英語(yǔ)介詞可分為3類： 1簡(jiǎn)單介詞（約有70個(gè)），如：in，at，on，by，with，down，for，beside，along，across等。 2分詞介詞（約15個(gè)）如：during，following，considering，regarding，judging，talking等。 3 成語(yǔ)介詞 （約有500個(gè)）如：out of，apart fro

8、m，because of，by means of等。按意義英語(yǔ)介詞可分為3類： 1. 時(shí)間介詞， 如：at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until等。 2. 地點(diǎn)介詞, 如：at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside, 3. 其它介詞，如：by, with, about, except, instead of, due to, 英語(yǔ)介詞不可單獨(dú)使用，后面必須跟名詞,動(dòng)名詞或句子構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)等. 連詞(是一種虛詞， 它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)以及句與句的作用。)連詞主要可分為兩類：并列

9、連詞和從屬連詞。 1. 并列連詞用來(lái)連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, as well as, bothand, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, (and) then等等。 2. 從屬連詞經(jīng)常引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句, 如: when ,where, because, if , as, 等語(yǔ)法填空解題步驟01快速瀏覽，了解大意。對(duì)于簡(jiǎn)單有把握的空，可以先填出來(lái)02上下求索，填出答案。根據(jù)上下文及空格前后的邏輯關(guān)系，填出正確的詞以及正確的形式03通讀全文，檢查確認(rèn)。特別要注意，根據(jù)文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前綴有提示

10、詞這類題和咱們以前用所給詞的正確形式填空做題方法基本一致，首先需要我們根據(jù)上下文，分析句子成分，確定空格所需要的詞性，再根據(jù)前后文確定詞形。1. 如果要填入動(dòng)詞，我們需要判斷到底是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如果缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮到時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。若句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，那么我們應(yīng)該填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)我們需要確定到底是to do, doing還是done的形式。She _(put) onhercoatandwentout.The boy _ (make) a model plane now.In this city, the streets _ (clean) every 4 h

11、ours.There_(be)ameetingnextMonday.Imsorrytokeepyou _(wait)foralongtime.Illgivethebooktohimassoonashe _(come) back.putis makingis cleanedwill bewaitingcomes2. 如果需要填入名詞，我們則需要判斷是否有單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。Lotsof_(foreign)cometovisittheoldtowneveryyear.Theyarehavingapartyforhis_(seven)birthday.YaoMingisoneofthemostpopula

12、rbasketball_(play)aroundtheworld.Ifoundsomethingimportantin_(today)newspaper.Thereare_(hundred)ofpeopledancingatthesquareaftersupper.foreignersseventhplayerstodayshundreds3. 如果需要填入形容詞、副詞。首先，我們要確認(rèn)到底是填形容詞還是副詞。形容詞一般用來(lái)修飾名詞，代詞，或作表語(yǔ);副詞一般用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子。其次，我們還要考慮是否需要變成比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。Themoreyoueat,_(fat)youwill

13、become.Heworksinthe_(big)computercompanyintheworld.Shelooks_(worry).Whatsthematter?Thestudentsaremakingmodelplanes_(careful). the fatterbiggestworriedcarefully無(wú)提示詞無(wú)提示詞的空格一般需要填入冠詞，代詞，介詞，連詞(并列連詞和從屬連詞)等虛詞。1. 名詞前面一般用冠詞，代詞或介詞等。A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear w

14、ater. _ water was sweet.MoYan won the Nobel Prize for _ great works.Besides,shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience. - Would you like some coffee, please? - Yes, and please get me some sugar. I prefer coffee _ sugar. Thehisawith2. 缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，一般填代詞。Here are two bags. The blue _ is

15、 mine.Suddenly the wall moved-_ was made of trees.New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster.oneitit3. 并列的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞，短語(yǔ)，或句子之間設(shè)空，一般填入并列連詞and, but, or等。There are some books, a computer _ two pens on the desk. He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very hap

16、py.Which do you prefer, folk music _ pop music?andbutor4. 兩句之間，如果不是并列句，則很可能是主從句，因此需要填入從屬連詞(what,which, who, how, when等)。比如賓語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句或者是狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。這種空格需要同學(xué)們根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，分析到底是什么從句，從而選擇合適的從屬連詞。I like the teacher _ can dance to music.People will do something _ makes you angry .I want to know _ you will go to Bei

17、jing or not next week?whothatwhether一起做IfeltupsetwhenI1_(tell)thatIwouldhavetoleavethecompany.Inordertofind2_newjobtosupportthefamily,Ireadalmostallthenewspapers3_setdownalmostallthetelephonenumbersinads4_mynotebookandtriedtocallalmostallthecompaniesthatneedednewclerks.Notuntil5_(find)ajobinasmallto

18、wnnearTownsvilledidIcalmdown.Mynewboss,Mr.Brown,wasoneofmyschoolmates6_Iwasgettingalongwellwithatschool.Bothofuswere7_(excite)toseeeachotherandwespentthewholeafternoon8_(talk)aboutthingsandpersonsthatwerememberedatschool.Heaskedmetogive9_someadviceonhowtoenlargehispresentbusinessandhewas10_(entire)h

19、appyaboutmyadvice.wastoldaandinfoundwho/thatexcitedtalkinghimentirely小試牛刀 A small boy and his father 1._ (walk) back to their home. It suddenly began 2. _rain hard. They 3. _ (not have) their umbrellas 4._ them and there was nowhere to hide from the rain, so they were soon all wet, and the small boy

20、 didnt feel happy. For 5._long time while they were walking back to their home through the rain, the boy was thinking. Then at lasthe turned to his father and 6._ (say) to him,“ Why does it 7._ (rain), Father? It isnt very nice, is it?” “No, it isnt very nice, but its 8._ (use), Tom,” answered his f

21、ather. “It rains to make fruit and vegetables 9._ (grow) for us.” Tom thought about this for a minute, and then he 10._ (answer), “Then, why does it rain on the road, Father?”1.were walking, 2.to, 3.didnt have, 4.with 5.a 6.said, 7.rain, 8.useful, 9.grow, 10.answered It was strange getting on a plane after being on the boat for five days. Were now in Shanghai. We travelle