1、文檔編碼 : CM4M1K9E6I9 HD8Q6S7A10N6 ZA2P4Z6K5I4介 詞 一,介詞的分類(lèi)1.簡(jiǎn)潔介詞,是指單個(gè)的介詞 如： in, on, at, on, to, with 等 2.合成介詞,是指兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔介詞合在一起構(gòu)成的介詞 如： into, onto, without, inside 3.短語(yǔ)介詞,是指一個(gè)或兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔介詞與一個(gè)或幾個(gè)其他詞類(lèi)的詞組合,在意義 和作用上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔介詞的短語(yǔ) 如： instead of 代替 because of由于according to依據(jù)二,表示時(shí)間的介詞1. at 表示具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)如： at eight o clock in fr

2、ont of 在.的前面聯(lián)想： at 構(gòu)成的固定短語(yǔ)：at first 第一 at least至少at present目前 at noon 在中午at the age of在.歲時(shí)at the moment在目前,現(xiàn)在at the same time同時(shí) at school 在上學(xué)at the end of在；末如： In some western countries shops are closed_ weekends. 2. in 用于年,月,季節(jié),上午,下午,晚上等；in March 在三月 in spring 在春天in 2022 在 2022 年in the morning/afte

3、rnoon/evening 留意： in 表示在某一季節(jié)或某一月份時(shí),一般不加冠詞,但季節(jié)和月份的意義 一旦具體化,就要加定冠詞 the；如： The weather is a little in May. An earthquake happened in Sichuan in the May of 2022. In summer children are happy because they can swim. 1 聯(lián)想： in 構(gòu)成的固定短語(yǔ)：hand in上交 in fact 事實(shí)上 in surprise詫異地 in search of查找 in public 當(dāng)眾 in the e

4、nd最終,最終in no time 馬上,馬上 in front of 在.前面 in good health身體健康的in a minute 馬上,馬上 in a word 一句話(huà),總而言之 do well in 在.方面干的不錯(cuò)be interested in對(duì).感愛(ài)好 in common 共同的 show great interest in對(duì)；感愛(ài)好 in the last/past several years在過(guò)去的幾年里3. 表示具體的某一天或某一天的早晨,晚上等,用 on；如： In the morning I often get up at six o clock but_Sun

5、day morning, I get up at seven. A traffic accident happened near our school _ the night of May 2 nd, 2022. 聯(lián)想： on 構(gòu)成的固定短語(yǔ)：on board乘坐（車(chē),飛機(jī)）on duty 值班,值日on earth到底 on fire 著火on foot 步行 on hire 雇傭on holiday 度假 on time 按時(shí)be on show展覽 on the right 在右邊on the other hand另一方面a book on history一本關(guān)于歷史的書(shū)on ones

6、way to 在某人去 .的路上4. 表示時(shí)間的 since, for, by, during, until 1since（自從）后跟具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間,for 后接一段時(shí)間； for 和 since短語(yǔ)所在的句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；如： Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the year 2022. We have lived in the city for about five years. 2 2 by+時(shí)間點(diǎn),意為“ 到 .為止” ,假如 by 后面跟的是將來(lái)的時(shí)間點(diǎn),用一般將來(lái)時(shí)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí),假如b

7、y 后面跟一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如： I will finish eating by nine o clock. By the end of last week, we had finished learning Unit5. 3 during+時(shí)間段,與連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,表示某期間的動(dòng)作；如： She had trained hard during the four years to get ready for London Olympic Games. 4 until+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn),意為 “ 道.為止” ,句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如是非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,構(gòu)成句 型 not.until 直到 .才 如：

8、 We stayed there until the sunset. We didnt go home until the sunset. 5 表示時(shí)間前后的before, after after 在.之后before 在.之前,如： We must hand in our homework before class. After half past eleven we can relax ourselves. 留意： before 作為介詞,仍可以表示“ 面臨,面對(duì)”如： What should you do before so many difficulties. I had nothin

9、g to say before her. 三表示方位,地點(diǎn),行為對(duì)象等的介詞 1.表示方位的介詞 in, to, on in 表示包含關(guān)系,意為“ 在； ；范疇內(nèi)” ,on 表示相鄰關(guān)系,接壤； to 表示相隔 關(guān)系；如： China is_ the east of Asia. Japan is _ the east of China. Russia is _ the north of China. 2.表示“ 上下” 等方位的介詞over, under, above, below, on 1 over 在；正上方,其反義詞為 under 3 如： There is a football un

10、der the desk. I looked up and saw a plane flying over my head. 2 above 表示“ 在；上方” ,非垂直關(guān)系 , 其反義詞為 below 如： The plane is flying above the clouds. 3 on 在；之上,指兩者表面接觸；其反義詞也為 under 3. 表示“ 前后” 的介詞和短語(yǔ)介詞（1）in front of 在；前面,指在范疇之外的前面,和before 意義接近；如： There are some bikes in front of the teaching building. 2behi

11、nd 是 in front of 的反義詞,意為“ 在； ；后面”3in the front of 表示在范疇之內(nèi)的前面,其反義詞組是at the back of 4. by, beside在；旁邊； between在兩者之間 , among在三者及以上之間（1）by 和 beside意義相近 如： Do you know the man who is standing by the window. Lucy sits beside me. She is my deskmate. 2 between指兩者之間, 也表示三者或多者中的每?jī)烧咧g；among指三個(gè)或三 個(gè)以上的事物或人之間；bet

12、ween 留意： between表示兩者之間,只要構(gòu)成雙方關(guān)系,就可以用 如： There are so many desks in the classroom that there is hardly any room to move between them. 教室里有這么多張課桌,幾乎沒(méi)有空間從它們中間穿過(guò)；5. across, through穿過(guò) across從表面穿過(guò), through 穿越,穿透,透過(guò),指從物體內(nèi)部穿過(guò)；如： 1When you go_ the road, you must be careful. 2Which river runs_ Shanghai. 3 -I

13、left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in_ the window. -Its dangerous to do that. A. in B. through C. over D. to 4 6. 表示里外的 in, inside, into, onto, out of, outside 1 in 在；之內(nèi) 如： My keys are in my pocket. 留意：外來(lái)物“ 在樹(shù)上”,用 in,樹(shù)上結(jié)出的東西“ 在樹(shù)上”,用 on 如： There are some birds_ the tree. Autumn comes an

14、d some red apples_ the apple trees come into people eyes. 2 inside 在；里面,到；里面；反義詞為 outside 如： Listen！Someone is talking in a low voice inside the door. Don t stay outside. out of 3 into 到；內(nèi)；強(qiáng)調(diào)空間或狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換；反義詞為 如： Why not go into the house and have a look. He looked out of the window and saw some people c

15、oming back from work. 留意 : out of 仍有“ 脫離,失去” 等意義；如: He has been out of work for long. Fish can t live long out of water. 7. 表示“ 靠近” 的 near, next to, around near在；鄰近 next to 在；旁邊 around在；四周 如： There is a park near our neighborhood. I didn t remember to phone until near the end of the week. The mouse

16、is next to my computer. That patient is next to death. The flowers and applause掌聲 are always around the winners. 留意： around 仍表示“ 大約” ,同義詞： about 如： It was around/about twelve o clock in the evening. 5 8. 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的 for, to, towards 1for 常接在 leave, start 等動(dòng)詞之后,表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向或目的地；如： They ll leave for Beijing to

17、 attend the meeting next month. 2to 跟在 go, come, return, move等動(dòng)詞之后,表示目的地,它既表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向,又包含運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)果；如： When did you return to Guangzhou after the summer holiday. 3towards 朝,向；只說(shuō)明運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向,沒(méi)有“ 到達(dá)” 的意思 如： The teacher is coming towards the classroom now. 9. 表示行為對(duì)象的 to, at 一般來(lái)說(shuō), at 同某些動(dòng)詞連用,表示攻擊目標(biāo),含有某種程度的惡意；to 就只 表示方向

18、,并無(wú)惡意；如： I threw the ball to him and he threw it at the dog. He came_me and said hello to me. A dog came_her and she was frightened 受驚嚇的）；10. 最高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中表示范疇的 of, in 同類(lèi)比較時(shí),如主語(yǔ)和范疇一樣,一般用 某人 /某物置于集體或環(huán)境中進(jìn)行比較時(shí),用of, of 后多為數(shù)詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；將 in, in 后一般是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)；如： She is the most beautiful girl _ the three sisters. Tom

19、 is the tallest boy_ the class. 四表示“ 除；之外” 的介詞1.besides除；之外仍 如： Five others were late besides me. There will be five of us for dinner, besides John. 2.but, except除；之外； but 常與否定詞連用 如： No one but we knows about the news. He has few friends except you in this school. He has few friends except you in th

20、is school. They all went to sleep except me. 6 3.except for 表示從整體中排除,除； ；之外,前后不是一類(lèi)事物；如： The care is really wonderful except for its price. The composition is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes. 五表示方式,手段或工具的介詞1. by, in, on 表交通方式 by bike=on a bike, by car=in a car 如： Do you usually come to

21、school by bike. 2. by, in with 表示手段或工具（1）by 表示用某種方式或手段；名此前不加冠詞；如： This pair of shoes is made by hand. The old man had to make money by selling vegetables. 2 in 表示使用某種語(yǔ)言,用墨水,顏色,顏料等；名此前不加冠詞；如： Can you say it in English. Please write it in ink, not in pencil. 3 with 后跟具體的工具 如： People here build houses

22、with stones. I like to write with a ball pen. 拓展： with 常用來(lái)表示相伴,意為“ 有,帶有”如： This is a house with a garden. Fish can t live without water. 六引出動(dòng)詞不定式規(guī)律主語(yǔ)的介詞；1. 一般情形下用 for sb. to do sth 如： Its necessary for us to learn English. ,其反義詞為 without Its difficult for children to read such a book. 2. 表示品質(zhì),性格,特點(diǎn)的

23、形容詞后用 的規(guī)律主語(yǔ)和形容詞構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)；of sb. to do sth., 這類(lèi)句型中動(dòng)詞不定式如： Its foolish of him to make such a decision. Its kind of you to give me so much help. 7 七 其它介詞的用法 1. as作為, as for至于 如： _students we should work hard. He works_ a teacher in this school. _him, I know nothing. 2. thanks to 同 because of,意為“ 由于,由于”如：

24、 Thanks to your help, I am good at my lessons. Because of the weather, we have to put off the sports meet. 八介詞的省略 1. in 的省略 be busy in doing sth忙于做某事 have difficulty/trouble in doing sth. 做某事有困難（in this/that way 以這種 /那種方法 spend.in doing sth. 花費(fèi)；做某事 have a good time in doing sth. 做某事很興奮 waste. in doi

25、ng鋪張；做某事 There s no use/good in doing sth.做某事有用 /沒(méi)有好處2. for 的省略 for+時(shí)間段里的 for,在口語(yǔ)中可以省略,特殊是在確定句中；但是在否定句中或 在句首一般不行以省略；如： The rain lasted for a whole afternoon. He has been waiting for three hours. We haven t seen each other for a long time. For a whole month, there is no rain. 九常用介詞短語(yǔ)1. 常與 with 連用的短語(yǔ)8

26、 do with 處置,應(yīng)對(duì) go on with 連續(xù)；agree with同意；be busy with 忙于 keep/catch up with跟上 fill.with. 用；裝滿(mǎn)；be familiar with. 熟識(shí)；be popular with.受；歡迎 be angry with sb.生某人的氣 cover.with.用；掩蓋；help.with.在；方面幫忙；get on well with 與；相處的好 be strict with sb.對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格 be pleased with sb.對(duì)某人感到中意2. 常與 at 連用的短語(yǔ) look at 看 knock at 敲 at last 最終 at once馬上 laugh at嘲笑；shoot at朝；射擊 work at 致力于；be good at善于；be weak at不善于；arrive at 到達(dá)某地（小地方）be amazed at對(duì)；感到詫異3. 常與 on 連用的短語(yǔ)9 get on上車(chē) turn on 打開(kāi) try on 試穿 put on 穿上 call on 號(hào)召