1、24/24四、六級(jí)作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)四六級(jí)考試作文部分占15分，四級(jí)要求寫(xiě)一篇120字的文章，六級(jí)為150字，兩者難度相差并不大?？v觀歷次四、六級(jí)考試作文閱卷的情況，普遍存在著以下幾方面的問(wèn)題，而這些問(wèn)題正是考生作文拿不到高分的關(guān)鍵所在。1、平常缺乏訓(xùn)練、沒(méi)有掌握寫(xiě)作能力。許多考生的寫(xiě)作仍停留在句子水平上，還沒(méi)有上升到語(yǔ)篇水平上，因此寫(xiě)出的文章不流暢專門(mén)生硬。還有一些學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)薄弱，中學(xué)所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)在大學(xué)里沒(méi)能夠得到鞏固。2、對(duì)四六級(jí)作文的答題方法缺乏了解。四六級(jí)考試的題型以寫(xiě)Argument類型的文章為主，間或也會(huì)出現(xiàn)圖表作文、信或描述性、講明性的題目。3、母語(yǔ)干擾的痕跡特不明顯。例如，

2、在1998年1月的作文題目為“Harmfulness of Fake Commodities”。有一位考生要表達(dá)“不人賺鈔票有人眼紅”如此的意思，他可不能使用“envy”或“envious”等詞語(yǔ)，而是直接把眼紅翻成了“red eyes”，使人感到費(fèi)解。另一位考生想要講述自己買了一雙假冒皮鞋，不久鞋上開(kāi)了一個(gè)洞如此的意思，就寫(xiě)出了“There was a cave in the shoe”如此的句子。這些盡管差不多上極端的例子，但也反映了母語(yǔ)干擾的一個(gè)方面。4、對(duì)待作文考試的態(tài)度不夠認(rèn)真，存有碰運(yùn)氣的僥幸心理。一些考生認(rèn)為作文的好壞沒(méi)有客觀的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，分?jǐn)?shù)的高低取決于評(píng)閱人一時(shí)的好惡。這是對(duì)作文批

3、閱的誤解。這種心理反映在卷面上確實(shí)是敷衍了事，不加思索，一揮而就。許多考生拿到作文題目以后沒(méi)有認(rèn)真審題、構(gòu)思，而是提筆就寫(xiě)。在寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中也沒(méi)有斟詞酌句，嚴(yán)密地組織句子。在閱卷過(guò)程中發(fā)覺(jué)許多考生字跡潦草，卷面凌亂，大小寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等都被一概忽略了。寫(xiě)作步驟和技巧1寫(xiě)好提綱式作文的關(guān)鍵是認(rèn)真審題和分析所給的提綱，認(rèn)清題目和提綱之間的關(guān)系，然后確定文章的主題、內(nèi)容以及文體。 2每一個(gè)提綱能夠作為文章的一個(gè)段落層次，段落的展開(kāi)圍繞提綱的中心和內(nèi)容，不能偏離，也不能任意增減。 3提綱只是對(duì)文章的提示和概括，不是主題句。這需要依照提綱的性質(zhì)，寫(xiě)出完整的、體現(xiàn)提綱主旨的句子，使之成為主題句。然后圍繞主題句進(jìn)

4、行擴(kuò)展。 4收集材料支持主題句。材料能夠是事實(shí)、例證、親身經(jīng)歷、名人名言、諺語(yǔ)警句等。應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的是，所選材料要與文章的主題相符，即要“扣題”。同時(shí)要具有典型性，能充分講明問(wèn)題。在有多個(gè)例證的段落中，還要注意各個(gè)例證之間的連貫性。四、六級(jí)考評(píng)卷者的建議寫(xiě)作是一項(xiàng)主觀性測(cè)試，這也確實(shí)是講，它是由閱卷老師而不是由機(jī)器來(lái)判分的，因此大伙兒在寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候一定要銘記寫(xiě)作要有寫(xiě)作對(duì)象。四級(jí)的寫(xiě)作對(duì)象確實(shí)是閱卷老師。作文共分為14、11、8、5、2等五個(gè)檔次，但每個(gè)閱卷老師最為敏感的卻是12、9、6這三個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)。假如一個(gè)考生通篇沒(méi)有句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞的錯(cuò)誤，也沒(méi)有什么出彩的地點(diǎn)，就應(yīng)該判為及格分9分。假如出現(xiàn)較多嚴(yán)峻

5、的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，就要看這些錯(cuò)誤從總體上講是不是無(wú)法忍受的，也確實(shí)是到底要判為6分依舊5分。假如通篇沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤，又出現(xiàn)了數(shù)處閃光點(diǎn)，就能夠考慮打到12分。文章要獲得高分，就必須得到閱卷老師的認(rèn)可。要得到閱卷老師的認(rèn)可，就必須兼顧內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言兩個(gè)方面。首先來(lái)看語(yǔ)言方面。由于考生數(shù)量大，老師的閱卷的速度會(huì)專門(mén)快，因此閱卷時(shí)老師對(duì)語(yǔ)言關(guān)注的程度會(huì)較高，因此大伙兒一定要盡量減少文中的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，特不是遣詞造句中的嚴(yán)峻錯(cuò)誤。另外，在內(nèi)容方面，首先確實(shí)是審題的問(wèn)題。大伙兒只要扣緊題目來(lái)寫(xiě)，就可不能出現(xiàn)大的問(wèn)題。抓住題目的精髓是最理想的，然而假如沒(méi)有理解題目的核心，就按照確定下來(lái)的主題依照提綱來(lái)寫(xiě)也未必失分。比如200

6、2年12月28日的試題It Pays to Be Honest，有的考生就理解錯(cuò)誤了，沒(méi)有理解那個(gè)地點(diǎn)pay確實(shí)是worth the efforts的意思。萬(wàn)一出現(xiàn)如此的情況，就只能在老實(shí)的主題下，直接扣準(zhǔn)中文的提綱來(lái)寫(xiě)。盡管完全跑題的現(xiàn)象特不之少，然而漏點(diǎn)的情況卻專門(mén)多，那個(gè)地點(diǎn)講的點(diǎn)確實(shí)是提綱中的兩點(diǎn)或三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。比如2000年1月的試題How I Finance My College Education，有一些考生在談了諸多途徑之后，并沒(méi)有講適合自己的方法。其次，有些考生畫(huà)蛇添足，加上了與主題沒(méi)有多大聯(lián)系甚至毫不相干的內(nèi)容，結(jié)果適得其反。我們應(yīng)注意審題既包括看英文的題目，還包括看中文提綱(

7、有時(shí)還有圖畫(huà)和表格等)。在學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)作模板的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)注意相同的題目依照提綱的不同，在寫(xiě)作的時(shí)候就有差不。例如提問(wèn)類模板通常是寫(xiě)對(duì)立的兩方觀點(diǎn)，而后我同意某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，或者綜合兩方觀點(diǎn)，象2000年6月試題Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary除了寫(xiě)自己的看法外，還包括打算，這確實(shí)是專門(mén)專門(mén)的，寫(xiě)作時(shí)一定不要遺漏。再如方法類的模板在寫(xiě)解決方法的同時(shí)，有的包含產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的緣故，有的則包括該現(xiàn)象所造成的嚴(yán)峻后果。1993年6月的四級(jí)題目My Favourite Programme和1994年6月的四級(jí)題目My Ideal Job均屬于緣故類文章，然而后者還要寫(xiě)出我自

8、己將如何做。所有這些都講明我們即使碰到自己寫(xiě)過(guò)的題目，也要依照提綱的不同要求作出調(diào)整。在寫(xiě)作文章時(shí)，自己到底是同意第一種依舊第二種觀點(diǎn)是不太重要的，到底用什么方法來(lái)解決問(wèn)題也沒(méi)有“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”答案，只要言之有理、自圓其講即可。假如既不同意第一種觀點(diǎn)，也不同意第二種觀點(diǎn)，而是站在更高的角度把兩方面結(jié)合起來(lái)，是一種相當(dāng)不容易的寫(xiě)法。但寫(xiě)好了后專門(mén)容易得到高分。談到寫(xiě)作模版，它能夠關(guān)心同學(xué)們?cè)诙虝r(shí)刻內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)用清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)特定的內(nèi)容，至于講語(yǔ)言的全面進(jìn)步不能僅憑背寫(xiě)作模版來(lái)提高。關(guān)于寫(xiě)作模板寫(xiě)作模版1辯論式議論文模版1 Some people believe (argue, recognize, thin

9、k,hold, assume ) that 觀點(diǎn)1. But other people take an opposite side/view/opinion/stand. They firmly believe that 觀點(diǎn)2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 論據(jù)1. More importantly, 論據(jù)2. Most important of all, 論據(jù)3. In summary, 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn). As

10、a college student, I am supposed to 表決心. 或 From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè). 模版2 People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 觀點(diǎn)1, while/whereas others point out that 觀點(diǎn)2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, 論據(jù)1. For ano

11、ther, 論據(jù)2. Last but not least, 論據(jù)3. To conclude, 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn). As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心. 或 From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè). 模版3 There is no consensus of opinions among people about X（爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)）。Some people are of the view that 觀點(diǎn)1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 觀點(diǎn)

12、2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses/aspects/respects. The reasons are obvious. First of all, 論據(jù)1。 Furthermore, 論據(jù)2。 Whats more/ Above all Among all of the supporting evidence, one is the strongest. That is, 論據(jù)3。 A natural conclusion from the above discus

13、sion is that總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)。 As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心. 或 From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè).1 對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)式 A有人認(rèn)為X 是好事，贊成X， 什么緣故？ B 有人認(rèn)為X 是壞事， 反對(duì)X，什么緣故？ C我的看法。 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一個(gè)緣故。They also argue that 支持X 的另一個(gè)緣故。 Other people, howev

14、er, stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反對(duì)X 的第一個(gè)理由。 An example can illustrate give the details of this argument (better): 一個(gè)例子。 There is some truth/something in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addit

15、ion to the above-mentioned negative/side effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一個(gè)壞處。 2 批駁觀點(diǎn)式 A一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。 B 我不同意。 Many people argue that 錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。By saying that, they mean 對(duì)那個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋。An example they have presented is that 一個(gè)例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them

16、 贊成那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)或者受到那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)的阻礙）。 There might be some element of truth in these peoples belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation toconclude that 與錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)相反的觀點(diǎn)。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下參照辯論文的議論文寫(xiě)法)。 3 社會(huì)問(wèn)題（現(xiàn)象）式 A一個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題或者現(xiàn)象。 B 產(chǎn)生的緣故 C對(duì)社會(huì)和我們生活的阻礙 D 如何杜絕。（假如是問(wèn)題的話

17、） E 前景的預(yù)測(cè)。 Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 調(diào)查內(nèi)容講明這種現(xiàn)象的情況。（或者是一個(gè)例子）。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面參照辯論式議論文的寫(xiě)法。 X has caused/had/

18、exerted substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 參照辯論式議論文的寫(xiě)法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 參照辯論式議論文的寫(xiě)法。 Based on the above discussions, (it can be easily predicted/seen) I can easil

19、y forecast/predict that more and more people will 2圖表式作文It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of (多少). What is th

20、e reason for this change? Mainly there are (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, (第一個(gè)緣故). More importantly, (第二個(gè)緣故). Most important of all, (第三個(gè)緣故). From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend d

21、escribed in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括號(hào)里的使用于那些不太好的變化趨勢(shì)).四六級(jí)寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)句型（1）用于描寫(xiě)漫畫(huà)、圖表的常用句型 As the graph depicts , From the cartoon /picture/caricature , we can see that According to the statistics shown in the first /second graph , The table s

22、hows / indicates / reveals/suggests/depicts that It can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that （2）用于句首提出論題或現(xiàn)象的句型 Recently , has become the focus of the society . has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life . Nowadays there is a growing concern for Nowad

23、ays it is common to hear /see has become a common occurrence in our daily life . Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that There is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / g

24、oes In recent years , there is a general tendency Nowadays has become a problem we have to face . （3）用于比較、闡述不同觀點(diǎn)的常用句型 Some people like / prefer , while others are / feel inclined to There are different opinions among people as to Some believe that ,while others hold that Some people claim that is su

25、perior to Others , however , disagree with it . Some people believe Others maintain Still others claim Some people suggest Others , however , hold the opposite opinion/view/belief . On the one hand , people tend to On the other hand , they feel Some people argue that Others , in contrast , believe t

26、hat Although more and more people come to believe there are still others who insist that On the contrary , there are people in favor of There are some people who hold different opinions about/of/on （4）用于陳述個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)/方法的常用句型 My own experience tells me that In my opinion/to my mind , we should attach more i

27、mportance to As for my own idea about I believe As far as I am concerned , I plan to Personally , I prefer In my view , both sides are partly right in that But for me , I would rather My own point of view is that In conclusion , I support the statement that As regards me , I tend to choose （5）用于書(shū)信寫(xiě)作

28、的常用句型 Thank you for your letter of It is a pleasure for me to invite you on behalf of /to accept Thanks (so much) for your letter , which arrived I am writing to you with reference to I am writing to you in connection with I would be grateful if you could / would I would like to know some informatio

29、n on It will be appreciated if you could / would I would also like to know if you can / could I look forward to hearing from you soon. （6）用于結(jié)尾的常用句型 From what has been discussed / mentioned above , we may conclude that Therefore , it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that It is high t

30、ime that something was done about From all the reasons / consideration above , it is evident / clear / obvious that Taking into account all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented , I strongly recommend that It i

31、s clear , therefore , that All in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to It is essential that effective measures be taken to From what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that In conclusion ,the most important is On the whole , it is high time that every one As

32、a result , we should take some effective steps to Judging by the figures / statistics , it is not difficult to see that Only in this way / in so doing , can sth be really 四六級(jí)作文常用句型一）比較 1The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.2The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.3A may be prefe

33、rable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that.4It is reasonable to maintain that .but it would be foolish to claim that.5For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6Like anything else, it has its faults.7A and B has several points in common.8A bears some resemblances to B.

34、9However, the same is not applicable to B.10. A and B differ in several ways.11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.12. People used to think ., but things are different now.13. The same is true of B. 14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.15. It is true that A . , but the chie

35、f faults (obvious defects )are .二）緣故1A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.4. The factors th

36、at contribute to this situation include.5. The change in .largely results from the fact that.6. We may blame .,but the real causes are.7. Part of the explanations for it is that .One of the most common factors (causes ) is that .Another contributing factor (cause ) is .Perhaps the primary factor is

37、that But the fundamental cause is that .三）后果1. It may give rise to a host of problems.2. The immediate result it produces is .3. It will exercise a profound influence upon.4. Its consequence can be so great that.四）批駁1）It is true that ., but one vital point is being left out.2) There is a grain of tr

38、uth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3) Some people say ., but it does not hold water.4) Many of us have been under the illusion that.5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.6) It makes no sense to argue for .7) Too much stress placed on . may le

39、ad to .8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that .9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that .五）舉例1) A good case in point is .2) As an illustration, we may take .3) Such examples might be given easily.4) .is often cited as an example.六）證明1) No one can deny the fact that .2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.3) Unfortunately, none of the avai