1、2020年考研英語一真題完形填空Eveniffamiliesarelesslikelytositdowntoeattogetherthanwasonce the case, millionsofBritons willnone the lesshave partaken thisweekendofoneofthenationsgreattraditions:theSundayroast._1_acoldwintersday,fewculinarypleasurescan_2_it.Yetaswereportnow, the food police are determined that thi

2、s _3_ should be renderedyet another guilty pleasure _4_ to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has _5_ a public warningabout therisksof a compound calledacrylamidethat formsin some foodscooked _6_ high temperatures.This means that people should _7_crisping their roast potatoes, spur

3、n thin-crust pizzas and only _8_toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmistadvice_9_ studies have shown that acrylamide can causeneurological damage in mice, there is no _10_ evidence that it causescancer in humans.Scientistssaythecompoundis_11_tobecarcinogenicbuthave no ha

4、rd scientific proof. _12_ the precautionary principle, itcould be argued that it is _13_ to follow the FSA advice. _14_, itwasrumoredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfound to prove a _15_.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be _16_ up onSunday alongside some steamed vegetab

5、les,without the Yorkshire puddingand no wine. Butwouldlifebeworth living_17_, theFSA says itis not telling people to cut out roast foods _18_, but to reduce theirlifetimeintake.However,their_19_riskscomingacrossasexhortationand nannying. Constant health scares just _20_ with no one listening.第1題：1A.

6、InB.TowardsC.OnD.Till參考答案：C答案解析：您的答案：C On 此處考察介詞詞義辨析。Ona cold wintersday 意思是在一個(gè)寒onin2002；towardtillnextweek，與句意不符。故正確答案為on。第2題：A.matchB.expressC.satisfyD.influence參考答案：A答案解析：您的答案：A match 統(tǒng)活動(dòng)之一：星期日烤肉。Onacoldwintersday,fewculinarypleasurescan _2_it. 在一個(gè)寒冷的冬日，很少有什么樂趣與之匹配。 match 匹配。express表達(dá)。satisfy滿足，滿

7、意；確信；符合。influence影響。第3題：A.patienceB.enjoyment2C.surpriseD.concern參考答案：B 您的答案：答案解析：B enjoyment Yet3 會(huì)導(dǎo)致另一種有罪的快樂 4 樂趣與上文pleasures和下文another pleasures互為關(guān)聯(lián)信息。patience耐心，耐性。surprise驚喜。concern關(guān)心。第4題：A.intensifiedB.privilegedC.compelledD.guaranteed參考答案：D 您的答案：答案解析：D guaranteed 此處考察非謂語動(dòng)詞做后置定語的用法?？崭袼诰渲赋觯哼@種快

8、樂會(huì)導(dǎo)致另一種有罪的快樂 4 損害我們的健康。 guaranteed 有保證的，一定的，填入空格處意為：這種快樂會(huì)導(dǎo)致另一種有罪的快樂，肯定會(huì)損害我們的健康。intensified增強(qiáng)，加?。?privileged享有特權(quán)，專用，特許；compelled強(qiáng)迫。第5題：A.issuedB.receivedC.ignored3D.canceled參考答案：A答案解析：A issued FoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has_5_apublicwarning.食品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管理局 一項(xiàng)公開的警告.issued發(fā)表，您的答案：ignoreda public warning發(fā)出一項(xiàng)公開的

9、警告符合文意。第6題：A.underB.atC.forD.by參考答案：B答案解析：您的答案：B at 此處考察介詞辨析。in some foods cooked _6_ high temperatures.under在.下面；for為了；因?yàn)?；?duì)于； by在旁邊; 通過; 由于;經(jīng)過。第7題：A.forgetB.regretC.finishD.avoid參考答案：D答案解析：您的答案：D avoid 此處考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系。7空句首this mean代詞this指代上文4該 7 炸土豆，不吃薄皮披薩并且.7空同時(shí)也與reject構(gòu)成語義并列的關(guān)系，故avoid正確。forget忘記；regr

10、et 后悔；finish完成。第8題：A.partiallyB.regularlyC.easilyD.initially參考答案：A答案解析：您的答案：A partially only_8_toasttheirbread. 8 8 烤面包。partially 部分地，偶爾地；regularly 有規(guī)律地； easily 容易地；initially最初地。故A選項(xiàng)正確。第9題：A.UnlessB.SinceC.IfD.While參考答案：D答案解析：您的答案：D While 此處考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系+邏輯連接詞辨析。 _9_ studies haveshownthatacrylamidecanca

11、useneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno_10_ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.9研究表明丙烯 10 5后句為轉(zhuǎn)折/對(duì)比/讓步的邏輯關(guān)系，故選擇while表示雖然，盡管。Unless除第10題：A.secondaryB.externalC.inconclusiveD.negative參考答案：C答案解析：您的答案：C conclusive 此處考察詞義辨析+上下文語境。 9研究表明丙烯酰胺可引起小鼠神經(jīng)損傷 ，但是沒有 10 證據(jù)表明它會(huì)導(dǎo)致 人類患癌癥。conclusive決定性的; 令人信服的; 確鑿的

12、secondaryexternal外面的，外部的; 表面上的; 外用的; 外國的; negative消極的，否認(rèn)的。第11題：A.insufficientB.boundC.likelyD.slow參考答案：C答案解析：您的答案：C likely 此處考察固定搭配。belikely to 可能。insufficient 不足的，不夠的；bound捆綁的，束縛的，有義務(wù)的；slow緩慢的。第12題：6A.On the basis ofB.At the cost ofC.In addition toD.In contrast to參考答案：A答案解析：On the basis of 此處考察短語辨析

13、+上下文邏輯。_12_ theprecautionary principle, it could be argued that it is _13_ to followtheFSAadvice. 12 預(yù)防性原則，可以說遵循FSA的建議是 13 。 On您的答案：Athebasisofthecostofadditionto除.之外； In contrast to與之相對(duì)，相反。第13題：A.interestingB.advisableC.urgentD.fortunate參考答案：B答案解析：您的答案：Badvisable 此處考察形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)預(yù)防性原則，可以說遵循FSA的建議是 13

14、 。interesting有趣的； advisable明智的，可取的； urgent急迫的； fortunate僥幸的，幸運(yùn)的。第14題：A.As usualB.In particularC.By definition7D.After all參考答案：D答案解析：您的答案：D After all 最好遵循FSA煙導(dǎo)致癌癥的傳言就已經(jīng)流傳多年了。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)分析，Asusual 像往常一樣，In particular尤其，特別，By definition根據(jù)定義，After all 畢竟，只有After all符合文意。第15題：A.resemblanceB.combinationC.connect

15、ionD.pattern參考答案：C答案解析：您的答案：C connection 本題考察動(dòng)賓搭配，結(jié)合語境和句子成分理解，這里的名詞放在evidence，這里“證據(jù)”應(yīng)該是證明出來（吸煙和肺癌）有聯(lián)系的，故選擇 connection。Resemblance相似，combination結(jié)合，pattern模式，均不符合。第16題：A.madeB.servedC.savedD.used8參考答案：B答案解析：您的答案：B served 本題考察主謂搭配，此處為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，和主語 a piece of boiledbeef servedup 表示“上菜，端上”正和文意。而其他選項(xiàng)made制作，sav

16、ed節(jié)省，used使用，均不符合。第17題：A.To be fairB.For instanceC.To be briefD.in general參考答案：A答案解析：您的答案：A To be fair 本題考察主謂搭配，上一句說“但是生命值得過下去嗎？”本FSA對(duì)上文進(jìn)行舉例（forinstance）或總結(jié)（Tobe brief）或表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情（in To be fair。第18題：A.reluctantlyB.entirelyC.graduallyD.carefully參考答案：B答案解析：您的答案：B entirely 此處考察副詞的修飾關(guān)系。本句話句意為“英FSA表示，它并沒9

17、不情愿地，entirely小心謹(jǐn)慎地，能跟前面的否定詞notentirely.entirely第19題：A.promiseB.experienceC.campaignD.competition參考答案：C答案解析：您的答案：C campaign 本題考察主謂搭配。根據(jù)原文語境“然而，他們（FSA）的.有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)給人一種勸誘式保姆的感覺”，答案campaign活動(dòng)”放在這里最合適。promise承諾，experience經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn)，competition競爭，均不能體現(xiàn)本文中FSA所做行為的代稱。第20題：A.follow upB.pick upC.open upD.end up參考答案：D答案解析

18、：您的答案：D end up 考察動(dòng)賓搭配，這里的句義是“持續(xù)不斷的健康威脅_20_卻沒有 .endup，而followupup撿起，拾起，偶然學(xué)到，open up打開，開發(fā)，均不符合文義。Section ReadingPart ADirections:Read the followingfour texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)A group of labour MPs, among th

19、em Yvette Cooper, are bringing in thenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUKtownofcultureaward.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryforZozl.Cooperand her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, whereit brought i

20、n220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to beconfined to cities.Britain town, it is true are not prevented fromapplying, but they generallylackthe resourcesto put togethera bit tobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,become an annual event, attracting funding a

21、nd creating jobs.SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleof European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgowin 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK ison the verge of disappearing into

22、an endless fever of self-celebrationin its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: aftertown of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture Suburbof culture Hamlet of cultureIt is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all.A badly run year of culturewashes i

23、n and out of a place like the tide,bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to thecommunity. The really successful holders of such titles are those thatdo a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profilearts events and good a year. Theytransform the aspirat

24、ionsofthe people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into abolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree ofvision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the privatesector,communitygroupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:

25、Glasgows year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen asoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerof art, music and theatre that it remains today.A town of culture could be not just about the arts but abouthonouring a towns peculiarities-helping sustain its high street

26、,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnit into action.第21題：Copper and her colleaguearguethat atown of cultureaward would _.A.consolidate the town city ties in BritainB.promote cooperation among Brains townsC.increase the economic strength of Brains townsD.focus Brains limite

27、d resources on cultural events.參考答案：C答案解析：您的答案：C increase the economic strength of Britainstowns 這道題是細(xì)節(jié)題。andhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownfor Hull,” “赫爾之冠”的成功并不局限于城市，它為赫爾帶來了 2.2以成為一項(xiàng)年度活動(dòng)，吸引資金并創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。所以能看出答案是C.增強(qiáng)英國城鎮(zhèn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力。第22題：According to paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by so

28、me as_.A.a sensible compromiseB.a self-deceiving attemptC.an eye-catching bonusD.an inaccessible target參考答案：B答案解析：您的答案：Baself-deceivingattempt 該題是推斷題, 題干問:根據(jù)第二段，這一提議或許會(huì)被一些人認(rèn)為是.。 可以定位在第二段第一句“Some might see theproposal as a boo by prize for the fact 了” 能看出來有些人是持反面態(tài)度的。很多人不認(rèn)識(shí) boo，但是也能從后面 的 on the verge

29、of disappearing into an endless fever ofself-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for,在絕望地為中. 接下來幾個(gè)反問句，能看出來是一種自我欺騙的嘗試，所以選擇B。第23題：The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it _A.endeavor to maintain its imageB.meets the aspiration of its peopleC.brings its local arts

30、to prominenceD.commits to its long-term growth參考答案：D答案解析：您的答案：D commits to its long-term growth 該題也是細(xì)節(jié)題, 題干問:作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)報(bào)道之外，還做了很多事情的人。它們轉(zhuǎn)變了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦脑竿?他們將城市的自中，這個(gè)頭銜就會(huì)是成功的。第24題：“Glasgow” is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present _A.a contrasting caseB.a supporting exampleC.a background storyD.a related topic參考答

31、案：A答案解析：您的答案：A acontrastingcase 這題是寫作目的題， 題干說：第3段提到格拉斯哥是BUT，知市當(dāng)局、私營部門、社區(qū)團(tuán)體和文化組織之間的合作。但這是可以做到的:格拉第25題：What is the authors attitude towards the proposalA.SkepticalB.ObjectiveC.FavorableD.Critical參考答案：D答案解析：您的答案：D favourable 這題是作者態(tài)度題，問作者對(duì)于這個(gè)建議的態(tài)度。第一段是提出Scientific publishing has long been a licence to p

32、rint money.Scientistsneedjoumalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a centralelement in the acquisition of status and the production of scientificknowledge.Withthecontento

33、fpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonly fnd a market for its journal. Until this century, universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhenthe rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Du

34、tch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of thescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan900mlast year, while UK universities alone spent more than 210min 2016toenable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; bothfigures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasi

35、ngly desperate effortsto change them.Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyha

36、vethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothat it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has beendriven by funding bodies.Insome waysit hasbeen very successful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearc

37、hisnowpublished underopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeing placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for theuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymakethe

38、irproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround 500to$5,000areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofarticle preparation had been steadily rising at a rate aboveinflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembl

39、es theeconomy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange forthe hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms whorun the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.第26題：Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money partlybecause_A.its f

40、unding has enjoyed a steady increase .B.its marketing strategy has been successful.C.its payment for peer review is reduced.D.its content acquisition costs nothing.參考答案：D答案解析：您的答案：細(xì)節(jié)題 D its content acquisition cost nothing 根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞 alicence to print money because 項(xiàng)D，acquisition原詞， for free替換選項(xiàng)中的，cos

41、t nothing.第27題：According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevierhave_A.thrived mainly on university libraries.B.gone through an existential crisis.C.revived the publishing industry.D.financed researchers generously.參考答案：A答案解析：您的答案：細(xì)節(jié)題 A thrived mainly on universities libraries 根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞E

42、lsevierDutchgiantElsevier,.madeprofitsof more than 490mlastyear. while UKuniversitiesalone spent more than210m in 2016,該公司去年利潤超過4.9億英鎊然而僅英國大學(xué)在2016年就花費(fèi)了超過2.1億英鎊。正確選項(xiàng)A 主要依靠大學(xué)圖書館 為定位句的同意表達(dá)第28題：How does the author feel about the success of Sci-HubA.Relieved.B.Puzzled.C.ConcernedD.Encouraged.參考答案：B答案解析：態(tài)

43、度題 Bconcerned您的答案：根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞Sci-Hub的成功定位到第四段第二句，ThesuccessofSci-Hub,.havethemselveslegallyaccessedshowsthe legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must betransformed so that it works for all participants這表明法律生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在 可見作者對(duì)于 Sci- Hub 的成功采取否定態(tài)度，正確選項(xiàng) B concerned 擔(dān)憂，擔(dān)心。Arelieved寬慰的，C puzzled困

44、惑的屬錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)， D encouraged鼓勵(lì)的，正反混淆第29題：It can be learned from and 6 that open A.allow publishers some room to make money.B.render publishing much easier for scientists.C.reduce the cost of publication substantially.D.free universities from financial burdens.參考答案：A答案解析：您的答案：推斷題 Aallowpublisherssomeroomtom

45、akemoney根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞openaccess定位到第四段，最后一句 .sothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbefore.,合理收取費(fèi)用是未來出版商能夠獲利，A選項(xiàng)為同義替換。Brenderpublishing much easier for scientists 使發(fā)表對(duì)科學(xué)家來說容易得多 .Creduce the cost of publication substantiality 降低出版成本 D. freeuniversities from financial burdens使大學(xué)擺脫財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)第30題：Which of the following ch

46、aracterises the scientific publishing modelA.Trial subscription is offered.B.Labour triumphs over status.C.Costs are well controlled.D.The few feed on the many.參考答案：D答案解析：您的答案：細(xì)節(jié)題 D the few feed on the many根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 scientificpublishingmodel定位到最后一段第五句，labourisprovidedplacesfreeinexchangeforthehopeofst

47、atus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirms who run the market 一些經(jīng)營市場的大公司則獲得了巨額利潤。 可知少部分作者免費(fèi)勞動(dòng)，大部分公司盈利，A選項(xiàng)為同義替換Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesarean insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the mos

48、tprivileged and does little to help average people.ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenator JasonLewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure genderparity on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half thestate-governme

49、nt boards are less than 40 percent female. In order toensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards andcommissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats forwomen by 2022.Thebillsaresimilartoameasurere

50、centlyadoptedinCalifomia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex, is probably unconstitutional.TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsun

51、lesstheyaredesignedtoaddressanimportantpolicyinterest,BecausetheCalifornia law applies to all boards, even where there is no history ofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutional guarantee of equal protection.But are such government mandates even necessaryFemaleparti

52、cipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepereentageof women in the general population, but so whatThe number of women on corporate boards has been steadilyincreasing without government interference. According to a study byCatalyst,between2010and2015theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobalcorporati

53、ons increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualificationfor board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced privatesector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted anationwide corporate gender quota.WrtinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatinc

54、reasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolof qualified women to serve on such boards has led to agolden skirtphenomenon, where the same clite women scoop up multiple seats on avariety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promotegender equity

55、, remember that such policies are largely self-servingmeasures that maketheirsponsorsfeel goodbut do litleto help averagewomen.第31題：The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddadwills_A.help little to reduce gender bias.B.pose a threat to the state government.C.raise womens positio

56、n in politics.D.greatly broaden career options.參考答案：A答案解析：您的答案：態(tài)度題 A help little to reduce gender bias 縱觀全文，文章一直在論述該良好，但其實(shí)并沒有什么幫助，由此可見作者對(duì)此法案采取否定態(tài)度， A helplittle to reduce gender bias 對(duì)減少性別偏見沒什么幫助為同義替換的正確選項(xiàng)第32題：Which of the following is true of the California measureA.It has irritated private busines

57、s owners.B.It is welcomed by the Supreme Court,C.It may go against the Constitution.D.It will settle the prior controversies.參考答案：C答案解析：您的答案：細(xì)節(jié)題 C it may go against the constitution 根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞California measures定位到原文第五段第二句，Because the California lawappliestoallboards,.courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawv

58、iolatethe constitutional guarantee of equal protection violate 違反憲法，選項(xiàng)Cagainst替換violate為正確選項(xiàng)第33題：The author mentions the study by Catalyst to ilustrate_A.the harm from arbitrary board decision.B.the importance of constitutional guaranees.C.the pressure on women in global corporations.D.the needlessn

59、ess of government interventions.參考答案：D答案解析：您的答案：例證題 D the needlessness of government interventions根據(jù)題干中catalyst替換到第7Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshas been steadily increasing without government . 在沒有政府的情況下，公司董事會(huì)中的婦女人數(shù)一直在穩(wěn)步增加。可見D選項(xiàng)中the needlessness ofgovernment interventions政府干預(yù)的不必要性第34題：Norwaysad

60、optionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto_A.the underestimation of elite womens role.B.the objection to female participation on boards.C.the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.D.the growing tension between labor and management.參考答案：C答案解析：您的答案：細(xì)節(jié)題C the entry of unqualified candidate