1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-華南師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題In most cases politicians are（ ）as they seldom tell the truth.問題1選項A.skepticalB.pessimisticC.incredulousD.incredible【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A: skeptical “懷疑的，多疑的”；B: pessimistic “悲觀的”；C: incredulous “懷疑的”；D: incredible“難以相

2、信的”。句意：在大多數(shù)情況下，政治家都是難以相信的，因為他們很少說實話。結(jié)合此處句意，政治家很少說實話，判斷出選項D為正確答案。2.單選題I am not（ ）with my roommate but I have to share the room with here because I have nowhere else to live.問題1選項A.concernedB.compatibleC.considerateD.complied【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。be compatible with “（機器）相互兼容的；（想法或事物）可共存的，可共用的；（人）關(guān)系好的”。句意：我與

3、室友合不來，但我還得和她住一起，因為我沒有其他地方可住。結(jié)合此處句意，判斷出選項B正確。3.單選題The work is not very profitable（ ）cash, but I am getting valuable experience from it.問題1選項A.in accordance withB.on the basis ofC.in terms ofD.in the light of【答案】C【解析】考查介詞短語辨析題。A: in accordance with “與一致” ；B: on the basis of “基于”；C: in terms of “在方面”；D

4、: in the light of “根據(jù)”。句意：這項工作在金錢方面沒什么優(yōu)勢，但是我卻從中得到了寶貴的經(jīng)驗。結(jié)合此處語義，C為正確答案。4.單選題At the drugstore, the pharmacist refused to give me any medicine because she could not read（ ）.問題1選項A.descriptionB.prescriptionC.inscriptionD.subscription【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A: description“描繪，描述” ；B: prescription“處方（醫(yī)生開出的）”；C:

5、inscription “鑄幣上的刻印文字，銘文，碑文”；D: subscription “統(tǒng)一，贊成，訂閱”。句意：在藥房，醫(yī)師拒絕賣給我任何的藥物，因為她無法辨認(rèn)醫(yī)生的處方。由句意可知B為正確答案。5.翻譯題人類文明任何形式的人類文明，都可以說是一種大的信息系統(tǒng)。第一個階段是語言，有了語言才能共同占有經(jīng)驗，才能集體記憶，才能集體積累知識。然后便是記寫，記寫提供了一種不太容易消失的、更容易傳遞的記憶形式。之后便出現(xiàn)了印刷，從而使信息傳播大大增加?，F(xiàn)代電子學(xué)正在為我們提供嶄新而功能更強的方法，來收集、加工、處理和傳遞。正是這種發(fā)展的一個非凡特征，才使得能力的巨大提高卻沒有給能源或稀少的材料造成

6、負擔(dān)。相反，設(shè)備變得越來越小，甚至在同樣的工作性能情況下，價格越來越便宜。只需要看袖珍計算器，微型計算機，電子表和電子游戲機，便可知道確實是如此?！敬鸢浮縄t can be said that any form of human civilization is a large information system. The first stage is language. Only with language can we share experience and have collective memory as well as accumulate knowledge collective

7、ly. The second step is to write down. Writing has offered a form of memory that is less likely to disappear and more easily transmitted. Then printing greatly has increased the dissemination of information.Modern electronics is providing us with new and more powerful ways to collect, process, proces

8、s and deliver. It is a remarkable feature of this development that greatly increases ability without posing burden on energy or scarce materials. Rather, devices are getting smaller and even cheaper under the same performance conditions, which is proved by pocket calculator, microcomputer, electroni

9、c watch and electronic game machine.6.單選題The magician picked several persons（ ）from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.問題1選項A.by accidentB.at randomC.on occasionD.on average【答案】B【解析】考查詞組。A: by accident “偶然”；B: at random “隨機”；C: on occasion “有時；間或”；D: on average “平均起來”。 句意：魔

10、術(shù)師從觀眾中胡亂挑選了幾個人，請他們幫助他進行表演。根據(jù)語境和句意，B最合適。7.單選題Mr. Smith had an unusual（ ）: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.問題1選項A.professionB.occupationC.positionD.career【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項 profession “（需要教育、大量訓(xùn)練和專門學(xué)習(xí)的法律、醫(yī)學(xué)、教育等腦力勞動方面的）專業(yè)或職業(yè)”；B選項 occupation “（成為正常的生活來源的一

11、項活動）職業(yè)，行業(yè)，位置”；C選項 position “（雇用）職位，工作，職務(wù)”；D選項 career “事業(yè)，生涯；某人工作經(jīng)歷或事業(yè)上取得成就的總的過程或進程”。句意：史密斯先生有著不尋常的人生：他起初當(dāng)過辦公室職員，然后當(dāng)海員，最終做了一名教師。根據(jù)句意，選項D選項正確。8.單選題Maggie tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it（ ）when she was trying to go to sleep.問題1選項A.soundingB.hummingC.tickingD.ringing【答案

12、】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A: sound “作聲，發(fā)聲，響” ；B: hum “發(fā)連續(xù)低沉的聲音（如蜜 蜂、馬達的嗡嗡聲）”；C: tick “發(fā)出滴答聲”；D: ring “鳴，發(fā)出清脆響亮的聲音”。句意：麥琪躡手躡腳走過來把鐘拿走了，因為她討厭在自己想睡覺的時候聽它滴答地響。結(jié)合此處語境，修飾的是鬧鐘聲，故C為正確答案。9.單選題A statement and a list（ ）to the document were issued in yesterdays newspaper.問題1選項A.labeledB.attachedC.clungD.stuck【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭

13、配。attach to表示“（使）貼在上；（使）依附”。句意：昨天的報紙上發(fā)表了一份聲明以及一份附加在文件上的清單。結(jié)合句意，故B為正確答案。10.單選題In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been accomp

14、lished for the modern period premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallengeD.An ex

15、ample is Johann Baehofens 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.Starting from the premise that mythology and legend preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact, Bachofen argued that women were dominant in many ancient societies.

16、 His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources to Amazonian and other societies with matrilineal customssocieties in which descent and property rights are traced through the female line. Some support for his theory can be found in evidence such as that drawn fromH

17、erodotus, the Greek “historian” of the fifth century B.C., who peaks of an Amazonian society, the Sauromatae, where the women hunted and fought in wars. A woman in this society was not allowed to marry until she had killed a person in battle.Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of a

18、ncient myths have preserved facts is problematiC.If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact-real Amazonian societies-but rather to offer moral lessons on the

19、 supposed outcome of womens rule in their own society. The Amazons were often characterized, for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greek heroes. Their customs were presented not as those of respectable society, but as the very antitheses of ordinary-Greek pra

20、ctices.Thus, I would argue the purpose of accounts of the Amazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic, to teach both male and female Greeks that all female groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructive and dangerous. Myths about the Amazons were not for the male-domi

21、nated status quo,in which groups composed exclusively of either sex were not permitted to segregate themselves permanently from society Bachofen was thus misled in his reliance on myths for information about the status of women. The sources that will probably tell contemporary historians most about

22、women in the ancient world are such social documents as gravestones, wills and marriage contracts. Studies of such documents have already begun to, show how mistaken we are when we try to derive our picture of the ancient world exclusively from literary sources, especially myths.1.The primary purpos

23、e of the passage is to（ ）.2.All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of premodern cultures EXCEPT（ ）.3.Which of the following is presented in the passage as evidence supporting the authors view of the ancient Greeks descriptions of the Amazon

24、s?4.It can be inferred from the passage that the probable reactions of many males in ancient Greece to the idea of a society ruled by women could best be characterized as（ ）.5.The author suggests that the main reason for the persisting influence of Bachofens work is that（ ）.問題1選項A.compare competing

25、new approaches to understanding the role of women in ancient societiesB.investigate the ramifications of Bachofens theory about dominance of women in ancient societiesC.explain the burgeoning interest among historians in determining the actual status of women in various societiesD.criticize the valu

26、e of ancient myths in determining the status of women in ancient societies問題2選項A.partial completenessB.restricted accessibilityC.difficulty of interpretationD.limited quantity問題3選項A.The requirement that Sauromatae women kill in battle before marryingB.The failure of historians to verify that women w

27、ere ever governors of ancient societiesC.The classing of Amazons with giants and centaursD.The well-established unreliability of Herodotus as a source of information about ancient societies問題4選項A.confused and dismayedB.wary and hostileC.cynical and disinterestedD.curious but fearful問題5選項A.feminists

28、have shown little interest is ancient societiesB.Bachofens knowledge of Amazonian culture is unparalleledC.reliable information about the ancient world is difficult to acquireD.ancient societies show the best evidence of women in positions of power.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:C第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章提及古代文化研究

29、婦女在各歷史時期的地位受到資料限制而且相互矛盾，之后談及神話和傳說對這一問題的分析，最后作者認(rèn)為，對這類文獻資料的研究早已開始證明，當(dāng)我們通過神話來獲取對古代世界的理解，是十分失誤的。因此，綜合考慮，這篇文章的主要目的是選項D。2.細節(jié)事實題。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文“Although much has been accomplished forthe modern period premodem cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to in

30、terpret, and often contradictory.”，中文翻譯：雖然在現(xiàn)代時期 己經(jīng)完成了很多，但前現(xiàn)代文化被證明是更困難的：來源受到限制，數(shù)量有限，不完整，難以解釋，而且常常是矛盾的。因此最佳答案為B選項，只有B沒有提及。3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文 “If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent

31、observed historical fact-real Amazonian societies-but rather to offer moral lessons on the supposed outcome of womens rule in their own society.”，中文翻譯：如果我們先研究一下為什么古人會提到亞馬遜人，下面的一點就變得清晰了，那就 是古希臘對于這種社會的廟睡不是太多的被用來表達觀察的歷史事實一一真正的亞馬遜社會的_而是為了對于婦女在其社會中的統(tǒng)治的預(yù)期后果提供一種“道德教導(dǎo)” 。 以及原文中 “The Amazons were often charac

32、terized, for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs , enemies to be slain by Greek heroes. Their customs were presented not as those of respectable society, but as the very antitheses of ordinary-Greek practices.”，原文翻譯為：例如，亞馬遜人經(jīng)常被描述為巨人和馬人的等份物，被希臘英雄殺死的敵人。他們的習(xí)俗并不是作為受人尊敬的社會的習(xí)俗來呈現(xiàn)的，而是作為普通希臘習(xí)

33、俗的真實對照。由此可以推斷出答案選擇C。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文 “.to teach both male and female Greeks that all female groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructive and dangerous. Myths about the Amazons were not for the male-dominated status quo, Lin which groups composed exclusively of either sex w

34、ere not permitted to segregate themselves permanently from society.” .”。中文翻譯為：是教誨古希臘的男性和女性這樣一個道理，即那些脫離了傳統(tǒng)社會而形成的純女 性群體是破壞性的和危險的。有關(guān)亞馬遜人的神話 是用作論據(jù)來為男人統(tǒng)治的現(xiàn)狀做辯護的，在這種現(xiàn)狀下，純粹地由任一性別構(gòu)成的群體是不允許與社會永久性地隔絕開來的。由此可知，B項符合題目描述。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文 “Although much has been accomplished for the modern period premodern cultu

35、res have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallengeD.An example is Johann Baehofens 1861 treatise on A

36、mazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.”中文翻譯為：雖然對現(xiàn)當(dāng)代的研究成就斐然，但是古代文化的研究要證明更為困難：資料來源數(shù)量有限，支離破碎，難以解釋且經(jīng)?；ハ嗝堋Ｒ虼?，人們并不特別驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，有關(guān)這些古代文化的早期學(xué)術(shù)研究迄今為止聽?wèi){其流傳下來，而未遭到質(zhì)疑。其中一個實例就是約翰巴霍芬1861年論述亞馬遜人的論文，而所謂亞馬遜人，即那些由女性統(tǒng)治的社會，其難置可否的存在與古希臘同期。綜合可知。C選項是其主要原因。11.單選題I（ ）him at onc

37、e as an American when he stepped onto the stage with three other actors.問題1選項A.regardedB.deemedC.spottedD.discerned【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析A: regard “把認(rèn)作”；B: deem “看做，認(rèn)為”；C: spot “認(rèn)出”；D: discern “識別，看出”。句意：當(dāng)他和其他三個演員一起登上舞臺時，我立即就認(rèn)出他是美國人了。根據(jù)句意，C為正確答案。12.單選題Philosophy in the second half of the 19th century was

38、 based more on biology and history than on mathematics and physics. Revolutionary thought drifted away from metaphysics and epistemology and shifted more towards ideologies in science, politics, and sociology. Pragmatism became the most vigorous school of thought in American philosophy during this t

39、ime, and it continued the empiricist tradition of grounding knowledge on experience and stressing the inductive procedures of experimental science. The three most important pragmatists of this period were the American philosophers Charles Peirce (1839-1914), considered to be the first of the America

40、n pragmatists, William James (1842-1910), the first great American psychologist, and John Dewey (1859 1952), who further developed the pragmatic principles of Peirce and James into a comprehensive system of thought that he called experimental naturalism, or instrumentalism.Pragmatism was generally c

41、ritical of traditional western philosophy, especially the notion that there are absolute truths and absolute values. In contrast, Josiah Royce (1855 - 1916), was a leading American exponent of idealism at this time, who believed in an absolute truth and held that human thought, and the external worl

42、d were unifieD.Pragmatism called for ideas and theories to be tested in practice, assessing whether they produced desirable or undesirable results. Although pragmatism was popular for a time in Europe, most agree that it epitomized the American faith in know-how and practicality, and the equally Ame

43、rican distrust of abstract theories and ideologies. Pragmatism is best understood in its historical and cultural context. It arose during a period of rapid scientific advancement, industrialization, and material progress; a time when the theory of evolution suggested to many thinkers that humanity a

44、nd society are in a perpetual state of progress. This period also saw a decline in traditional religious beliefs and values. As a result, it became necessary to rethink fundamental ideas about values, religion, science, community, and individuality. Pragmatists regarded all theories and institutions

45、 as tentative hypotheses and solutions. According to their critics, the pragmatists refusal to affirm any absolutes carried negative implications for society, challenging the foundations of societys institutions.1.What is this passage primarily about?2.Which of the following is true?3.According to t

46、he passage, pragmatism was more popular in America than Europe, because（ ）.4.All of the following are true EXCEPT（ ）.5.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?問題1選項A.The evolution of philosophy in the second half of the 19th century.B.The three most important American pragmatists of

47、the late 19th century.C.The differences between pragmatism and traditional western philosophy.D.American pragmatism.問題2選項A.Idealism was an important part of the pragmatic approach.B.Pragmatism was also known as traditional western philosophy.C.Pragmatism continued the empiricist tradition.D.Pragmati

48、sm is best understood independently of its historical and cultural context.問題3選項A.Americans had greater acceptance of the theory of evolutionB.it epitomized the American faith in know-how and practicalityC.Europe had a more traditional society based on a much longer historyD.industrialization and ma

49、terial progress was occurring at a faster pace in America at that time問題4選項A.revolutionary thought shifted more towards ideologies in science, politics and sociologyB.pragmatists regarded all theories and institutions as tentative hypotheses and solutionsC.Josiah Royce was not a pragmatistD.pragmati

50、sm was based on the theory of evolution問題5選項A.Josiah Royce considered Charles Peirce to be challenging the foundations of societys institutions.B.Charles Peirce considered Josiah Royce to be too influenced by the theory of evolution.C.John Dewey would not have developed his system of thought called

51、experimental naturalism or instrumentalism without the pioneering work of Charles Peirce and William James.D.Josiah Royce was a revolutionary thinker.【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:B第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.主旨大意題。閱讀全文可知，文章第一段介紹了實用主義的代表人物和思想，第二段介紹了實用主義的思想理念和側(cè)重點。綜合可知，D選項符合題意。2.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Pragmatism became the mos

52、t vigorous school of thought in American philosophy during this time, and it continued the empiricist tradition of grounding knowledge on experience and stressing the inductive procedures of experimental science.”， 中文翻譯為：在這一時期，實用主義成為美國哲學(xué)中最具活力的學(xué)派，它延續(xù)了以經(jīng)驗為基礎(chǔ)、強調(diào)實驗科學(xué)的歸納過程的經(jīng)驗主義傳統(tǒng)。因此，C項正確，譯為“實用主義延續(xù)了經(jīng)驗主義傳統(tǒng)

53、”。3.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Although pragmatism was popular for a time in Europe, most agree that it epitomized the American faith in know-how and practicality, and the equally American distrust of abstract theories and ideologies.” 中文翻譯為：雖然實用主義在歐洲曾一度流行，但大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為它是美國人對訣竅和實用性的信仰的概括，也是美國人對抽象理論和意識形態(tài)不信任的概括。

54、可以推測出B選項“它體現(xiàn)了美國對訣竅和實用性的信仰”正確。4.細節(jié)事實題。由選項D可以定位到文章第一段中“it continued the empiricist tradition of grounding knowledge on experience and stressing the inductive procedures of experimental science.” 中文翻譯為：它延續(xù)了以經(jīng)驗為基礎(chǔ)、強調(diào)實驗科學(xué) 的歸納過程的經(jīng)驗主義傳統(tǒng)?？梢缘弥狣選項“實用主義是以進化論為基礎(chǔ)的”表述錯誤。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)選項C可以定位到原文第一段中 “John Dewey (18591

55、952), who further developed the pragmatic principles of Peirce and James into a comprehensive system of thought that he called experimental naturalism, or ”instrumentalism.”，中文翻譯為 ：約翰杜烕（1859 年1952 年），他把皮爾斯和詹姆斯的實用主義原則進一步發(fā)展成一個他稱之為“實驗自然主義”或“工具主義”的綜合思想體系?？梢酝茰y出C選項“沒有查爾斯皮爾策和烕廉詹姆斯的開創(chuàng)性著作的情況下，約翰杜威不可能形成他所謂的“實

56、驗性自然主義”或“工具主義”的系統(tǒng)?！闭_。13.單選題The people of this country have entrenched themselves to（ ）any invaders who refuse to give up their evil intention.問題1選項A.ward offB.cut offC.work offD.lay off【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞組詞義辨析。A: ward off “避開，擋住”；B: cut off “切斷；中斷；使死亡； 剝奪繼承權(quán)”；C: work off “售出；清理，排除；漸漸地清除；冒充”；D: lay off “

57、解雇；休息；停止工作”。句意：這個國家的人們已經(jīng)致力于消滅任何拒絕放棄邪惡意圖的侵略者了。根據(jù)句意可知C為正確答案。14.單選題Her generosity is one of her most pleasing（ ）.問題1選項A.characteristicsB.attributesC.traitsD.peculiarity【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A: characteristics “特性，特征” ；B: attributes “屬性；特性”；C: traits “人的個性， 顯著的特點”；D: peculiarity “特性；特質(zhì)”。句意：為人慷慨是她最討人歡喜的個性。結(jié)合

58、此處語境，C為正確答案。15.單選題The conductor of the orchestra was not satisfied with the ballet for the steps of the dancer was not（ ） with the rhythm of the music.問題1選項A.coordinatedB.correspondedC.synchronizedD.reconciled【答案】C【解析】考查詞組。Synchronize with“（使）同步；（使）在 時間上一致；（使）同速進行”。句意：管弦樂隊的指揮對芭蕾舞不滿意，因為舞蹈家的舞步與音樂的節(jié)奏不一

59、致。根據(jù)語境和句意可知C為正確答案。16.單選題He had（ ）to be here at ten oclock, but because of a traffic accident, he didnt show up until midnight.問題1選項A.overtakenB.undertakenC.guaranteedD.warranted【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A: overtake “趕上”；B: undertake “承擔(dān)”；C: guarantee “保證”；D: warrant “擔(dān)保”。句意：他承諾十一點到這里，但是由于出了車禍，他直到午夜才出現(xiàn)。結(jié)合句意，

60、答案為選項C。17.單選題During adolescence, the development of, political ideology becomes apparent in the individual ideology here is defined as the presence of roughly consistent attitudes, more or less organized in reference to a more encompassing, though perhaps tacit, set of general principles. As such, p