住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-上海交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thevirusattackstheplant,theflowerdoesnotopen,and（）noseedsareproduced.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consequently

B.subsequently

C.simultaneously

D.spontaneously

【答案】A

【解析】副詞辨析題。consequently因此，結(jié)果；subsequently隨后，后來；simultaneously同時(shí)地；spontaneously自發(fā)地，不由自主地。句意：病毒攻擊植物，花不能開放，因此種子也沒有發(fā)芽。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是因果聯(lián)系，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.單選題

Ifyouwantto（）apleasantvisit,findoutasmuchaspossibleaboutthemannersandcustomsofyourhostcountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.secure

B.ensure

C.assure

D.restore

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。secure"保護(hù)，使安全"，securesb./sth.使某人或某物安全；ensure后面一般接sth.或that從句，指“確?！?；assure"使相信，使確信"，assure后面一般接sb.指向某人保證；restore"歸還，修復(fù)"。句意：如果你想確保一次愉快的旅行，盡可能多地了解東道國(guó)的風(fēng)俗禮儀。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.單選題

Inminuteshehastakenoverthewhole（）,lyingunderthesinkandsquinting（瞇眼看）upintothemachinery.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conscience

B.restraint

C.trial

D.enterprise

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。conscience道德,良心;restraint抑制,約束;trial試驗(yàn),努力;enterprise企業(yè),進(jìn)取心。句意：幾分鐘后,他就接管了整個(gè)企業(yè),躺在水池下面,瞇著眼睛看著機(jī)器。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

4.單選題

Ihaven'treadthatbook,butjustfromlookingoverthe（）,Ithinkitwouldbeworthreading.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forefront

B.foreword

C.forehead

D.forename

【答案】B

【解析】forefront"最前線,最前部";foreword"序,前言";forehead"前額,額頭";forename"在姓前面的名"。句意：我沒有讀過那本書,但是僅僅只看了前言我就覺得這本書值得一看。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

Mrs.Thompsongaveusa（）accountofwhathadhappened;that'swhywenolongerbelieveinthesincerityofherutterance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.curved

B.distorted

C.twisted

D.tangled

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。curved"彎曲的";distorted"歪曲的;曲解的",常指敘述事實(shí)的歪曲;twisted"扭曲的",常指物體的變形或者心理變態(tài);tangled"纏結(jié)的,復(fù)雜的"。句意：Thompson夫人歪曲了所發(fā)生事情的事實(shí)，這就是我們不再相信她說的話的原因。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.單選題

The（）beautyofthemountainhasmadeitaworld-famousresort.Everyyearnumeroustouristsfromhomeandabroadcometovisitit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perpetual

B.perplexed

C.preserved

D.perished

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。perpetual"永久的,不斷的";perplexed"困感的,不知所措的";preserved"保存完好的";perished"消亡的,毀壞的"。句意：保存完好的山區(qū)風(fēng)景使得它成為世界聞名的旅游勝地。每年都有許多來自國(guó)內(nèi)外的游客來參觀。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Theworldeconomicrecessionputan（）endtothesteelmarketupturnthatbeganin2002.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.irregular

B.illegal

C.absurd

D.abrupt

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。irregular"不規(guī)則的,無規(guī)律的";illegal"非法的";absurd"不合理的,荒謬的";abrupt"突然的,意外的"。根據(jù)句中upturn判定,worldeconomicrecession是"突然停止的"。句意：世界經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退突然結(jié)束了2002年開始的鋼鐵市場(chǎng)好轉(zhuǎn)的情況。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

8.單選題

Tomaintainaleadingpositioninthemarket,companieshavetodevelopproductswhicharecheaper,more（）andmorereliablethanthoseoftheircompetitors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.innovative

B.commensurate

C.enlightening

D.legitimate

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。innovative創(chuàng)新的，革新的；commensurate相稱的，同量的；enlightening富有啟發(fā)的；legitimate合法的，合理的，正當(dāng)?shù)?。句意：為了在市?chǎng)上保持領(lǐng)先地位，公司必須開發(fā)出比競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手更便宜、更創(chuàng)新、更可靠的產(chǎn)品。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

PreviousresearchbyscientistsfromKeilUniversityinGermanymonitoredAdeliepenguinsandnotedthatthebirds'heartratesincreaseddramaticallyatthesightofahumanasfaras30metersaway.Butnewresearchusinganartificialegg,whichisequippedtomeasureheartrates,disputesthis.ScientistsfromtheScottPolarResearchInstituteatCambridgesaythataslowmovinghumanwhodoesnotapproachthenesttooclosely,isnotperceivedasathreatbypenguins.

Theearlierfindingshavebeenusedtopartlyexplainthe20percentdropinpopulationsofcertaintypesofpenguinsneartouristsites.However,touroperatorshavecontinuedtoinsistthattheiractivitiesdonotadverselyaffectwildlifeinAntarctica,sayingtheyencouragenon-disruptivebehaviorintourists,andthatthedeclineinpenguinnumbersiscausedbyotherfactors.

AmandaNimonoftheScottPolarResearchInstitutespentthreesouthernhemispheresummersatCuvervilleIslandinAntarcticastudyingpenguinbehaviortowardshumans."Anestingpenguinwillreactverydifferentlytoapersonrapidlyandcloselyapproachingthenest,"saysNimon."Firsttheyexhibitlargeandprolongedheartratechangesandthentheyoftenfleethenestleavingitopenforpredators（捕食者）toflyinandremoveeggsorchicks."Theartificialegg,speciallydevelopedfortheproject,monitoredboththeparentwhohadbeendisturbedwhentheeggwasplacedinthenestandtheotherparentastheybothtookitinturnstoguardthenest.

However,BorisCulik,whomonitoredtheAdeliepenguins,believesthatNimon'sfindingsdonotinvalidatehisownresearch.Hepointsoutthatspeciesbehavedifferently一andNimon'sworkwaswithGentoopenguins.NimonandhercolleaguesbelievethatCulik'sresearchwasmethodologicallyflawedbecausethemonitoringofpenguins,responsesentailedcapturingandrestrainingthebirdsandfittingthemwithheart-ratetransmitters.Therefore,arguesNimon,itwouldnotbesurprisingiftheybecamestressedonseeingahumansubsequently.

1.PreviousresearchbyGermanscientistshasshownthat（）.

2.AnewfindinginrecentresearchbyBritishscientistsisthat（）.

3.Anartificialeggisusedinthenewresearchinorderto（）.

4.AccordingtoNimon,theconductorofthenewresearch,acomparisonoftheoldandthenewresearchrevealsthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichfactoristhemostimportantinfluenceforpenguins'sheartrates?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theheartrateofpenguinsinAntarcticaisincreasing

B.penguinsaredisturbedbythepresenceofahuman

C.thenumberofpenguinsinAntarcticaisdeclining

D.penguinsofdifferentspeciesbehavedifferently

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.penguinsneartouristsitesinAntarcticahavebeendisruptedbythetouristactivities

B.penguinparentsbothtaketurntoguardtheirnestandlookaftertheireggsorchicks

C.penguinsarenotthreatenedbyahumanwhoapproachesthenestslowlyanddistantly

D.penguinsabandonthenestleavingeggsorchicksunprotectedwheneverseeingahuman

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.observepenguins'heartrates

B.exchangeforarealpenguinegg

C.monitorthehatchofpenguineggs

D.measurepenguins,bodytemperature

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thetworesearchesproducedcontradictorybutbothvalidfindingsfortheywerebasedondifferentspeciesofpenguin

B.thetworesearchesproducedcompatibleandcomplementaryfindingsfortheystudieddifferentspeciesofpenguin

C.theoldresearchwasunreliableforithadscaredpenguinsandchangedtheirlaterbehaviorbyfittingamonitoronthem

D.thenewresearchrevealspenguinsneedbetterprotectionfromtourists

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Climatechange.

B.Touristactivities.

C.Scientificresearch.

D.Notfirmlyknownyet.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“German”定位到第一段首句“Previousresearch...notedthatthebirds'heartratesincreaseddramaticallyatthesightofahumanasfaras30metersaway.”他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，遠(yuǎn)在30米之外的企鵝看到人類時(shí)，它們的心率會(huì)急劇上升。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。原文中并沒有出現(xiàn)British，但可以看到第一段的尾句中的Cambridge可定位答案?！?..aslowmovinghumanwhodoesnotapproachthenesttooclosely,isnotperceivedasathreatbypenguins.”行動(dòng)緩慢、不太靠近巢穴的人類不會(huì)被企鵝視為威脅。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“artificialegg”定位到第一段第二句“Butnewresearchusinganartificialegg,whichisequippedtomeasureheartrates,disputesthis.”由此可知，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的第三句“Nimonandhercolleaguesbelieve...withheart-ratetransmitters.”Nimon和她的同事認(rèn)為，Culik的研究在方法論上是有缺陷的，因?yàn)閷?duì)企鵝的監(jiān)控和反應(yīng)需要捕捉和控制企鵝，并給它們安裝心率發(fā)射器。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。文章對(duì)企鵝是否會(huì)因?yàn)橛慰投艿接绊戇@個(gè)問題進(jìn)行了討論。通讀全文可知文章并沒有得出什么具體的影響因素的結(jié)論。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

10.單選題

Itisverykindofyoutooffer,butanymorepuddingwouldsimplybe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceptional

B.excessive

C.abundant

D.ample

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。exceptional"例外的;異常的";excessive"過多的;極度的";abundant"豐富的,多產(chǎn)的";ample"豐富的,足夠的"。句意：你給的剛剛好,再多一點(diǎn)布丁都顯得太過分了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

11.單選題

Therearethreegeneralmethodspeopleusetoexplainandunderstandtheirworld:beliefs,pseudo-science,andscience.

Whatarebeliefs?Well,simplyput,beliefsarewhatyoubelievetobetrue.Inthisfirstmethodofinterpretingmanandtheworld,certainpeopleprovedtheinformationabouthowtheworldworks.Theirteachingsarebeyondquestion.Theirfollowersacceptthesebeliefsbecausetheywanttoacceptthem,notbecauseofscientificevidence.Someexamplesarereligions,suchasChristianity.ChristiansbelieveinoneGod,whocreatedtheuniverseandallthatisinit.TheybelievethatthisGodisactiveinhistory,guidingandteachingHispeople.Likemanyreligions,Christianityprovidesanumberofspecificmoralrulesandprinciplesthatmakeupanimportantpartofitsteachings.Superstitions,suchasFungShui,arealsocommonexamplesofbeliefs.

Pseudoscience,alsocalledfakescience,isanybodyorknowledge,methodology,belief,orpracticethatclaimstobescientificorismadetoappearscientific,butisactuallynot.Inpseudoscience,peopleacceptopinions,orchosetobelievecertainfactswhileintentionallyignoringothers,resultinginafalseunderstandingofthingsandevents.Beliefsinmagic,monsters,andghostsfallintothiscategory.BothChineseQigongandIndianYogaareverygoodphysicalexercisesthatcanhelptheirpractitionerskeepfit,butwhensomemagicalpower,theyareturningQigongorYogaintopseudoscience.Manypeoplefol?lowpseudosciencebecausebeliefinmagicormysteriouspowersisentertaining.Astrologyhasmillionsoffollowersallaroundtheworld,notbecauseithelpsthemdealwiththeworldinanybetterway,onlybe?causeitisjustfun.

Ofthethreemethods,onlyscienceprovidesarationalwayofunderstandingtheworlD.Itdoesnotprovideamoralsystemasreligiondoes,anditmaynotalwaysbeasentertainingaspseudosciencesometimesis,butitistheonlymethodthatrequiresconstanttestingoffacts,beliefsandideas,resultinginchangingtheoriesaswegetnewinformation.Scienceteachesustodrawconclusionsbasedonevidenceanditalsoteachesus"thatsomeevidenceisstrongerthanotherevidence,andhowtojudgetheevidence.Throughourstudyofscience,welearntoacceptuncertainty,toquestionfactsandtheories,andtosearchconstantlyfortruth.

MostofususeallthreemethodsindifferentproportionstoviewourworlD.Somescientistsbelieveintheorieswithoutsupportingevidence.Andthescientificmethodisoftenusedforunscientificpurposes.Butscienceistheonlymethodthatisconstantlychanging.Itdoesnotdependontheteachingsofoneman.Eachscientistbuildsontheworkofothersandhisfindings,inturn,areusedbyotherstoincreaseourknowledgeoftheworld.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeagoodtitleofthepassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutscience?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaboutpseudoscience?

5.Theword"astrology"(Paragraph3)mostprobablyrefersto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ScienceandPseudoscience.

B.ReligionandScience.

C.Science,PseudoscienceandReligion.

D.DifferentWaysofViewingtheWorld.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Nobeliefsaresupportedbyscientificevidence.

B.Pseudosciencealwaysleadstofalseunderstandingofthingsorevents.

C.Scienceneverquestionsfacts.

D.Scientistsacceptnotingwithoutscientificevidence.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Scienceacceptsuncertainty.

B.Sciencedoesnotpushpeopletofollowanyspecificsetofmoralrules.

C.Scienceteachesustoweighdifferentevidence.

D.Scienceurgesusnottoacceptanybeliefsorideas.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Qigongispseudoscience.

B.Pseudoscienceprovidesnosupportingevidence.

C.Pseudosciencecanbeentertaining.

D.Pseudosciencehasnothingtodowithbeliefs.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.studyofthepositionofstarsinthebeliefthattheyinfluencehumanaffairs

B.asetofmethodsusedindoingthingsefficientlyinourlife

C.centraldataprocessingunitofacomputerpopularlyusedtoday

D.scientificstudyoftheearth'scrust,rocks,etC.andofthehistoryofitsdevelopment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一段提出了三個(gè)不同的世界觀,接下來分別進(jìn)行具體闡述,最后進(jìn)行總結(jié)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確,其他選項(xiàng)都比較片面,選項(xiàng)D正確,全文都是在描述看待世界的三種方法。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第四句"Theirfollowersaccept...scientificevidence."他們的追隨者接受這些信仰,是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)敢饨邮?而不是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)證據(jù)。所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第三段的第二句"Inpseudoscience,...,resultinginafalseunderstandingofthingsandevents."可知選項(xiàng)B正確;根據(jù)第四段的最后一句"Throughourstudyofscience,,...tosearchconstantlyfortruth."通過對(duì)科學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí),我們學(xué)會(huì)了接受不確定性,質(zhì)疑事實(shí)和理論,不斷地尋找真理。所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)D說法太絕對(duì),所以不正確。只有選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句"Throughourstudyofscience,,...tosearchconstantlyfortruth."通過對(duì)科學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí),我們學(xué)會(huì)了接受不確定性,質(zhì)疑事實(shí)和理論,不斷地尋找真理。選項(xiàng)A,B,C均正確;選項(xiàng)D中的belieforidea也就是指原文中的uncertainty,選項(xiàng)D與原文表述不符。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段"BothChineseQigong...turningQigongorYogaintopseudoscience."可知選項(xiàng)A表述太絕對(duì),氣功本身是好的,只是被某些居心不良的人加以利用了;根據(jù)第三段的第二句"Inpseudoscience,peopleacceptopinions,orchosetobelievecertainfacts..."可知偽科學(xué)會(huì)提供證據(jù),只不過這些證據(jù)不是科學(xué)證據(jù);根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句"Manypeoplefol?lowpseudoscience...isentertaining."可知選項(xiàng)C正確;根據(jù)第三段的第一句"Pseudoscience,...,isanybodyorknowledge,methodology,belief,orpractice..."可知選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。所以本題選C。

5.詞義辨析題。astrology指"占星術(shù)",認(rèn)為星星會(huì)影響人類而對(duì)星星的位置進(jìn)行研究。選項(xiàng)A正確。

12.單選題

Soil（）isanaturalprocess.Itbecomesaproblemwhenhumanactivitycausesittooccurmuchfasterthanundernaturalconditions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preservation

B.abrasion

C.erosion

D.eruption

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。preservation保留，保護(hù)；abrasion磨損，損耗；erosion腐蝕，侵蝕；eruption噴發(fā)，爆發(fā)。句意：土壤侵蝕是一個(gè)自然過程。當(dāng)人類活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致它比自然條件下發(fā)生得快得多時(shí)，這就成了一個(gè)問題。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

13.單選題

（）frompower,hehadtogobacktohishometownandtoilinhislittlefarm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Relinquished

B.Tumbled

C.Displaced

D.Retrieved

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。Relinquished放棄；Tumbled倒塌，猛跌；Displaced取代；Retrieved重新取回，挽救。句意：失去權(quán)力后，他不得不回到家鄉(xiāng)，在他的小農(nóng)場(chǎng)里勞作。relinquishpower指被迫交出權(quán)力。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.單選題

TheForeignMinistryholdsweeklypressconferencesto（）reporters（）thelatestdevelopmentindiplomacy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confer...upon

B.burden...with

C.fill...inon

D.adjust...to

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配辨析。fillsB.inon為固定搭配,意為"詳細(xì)告訴某人"。句意：外交部每周舉行新聞發(fā)布會(huì),詳細(xì)向記者介紹外交的最新發(fā)展。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

15.單選題

LikemostotherAmericancompanieswitharigid（）,workersandmanagershavestrictlydefinedduties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vitality

B.jurisdiction

C.hierarchy

D.bureaucracy

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。vitality生機(jī)，活力；jurisdiction司法權(quán)，管轄權(quán)；hierarchy層次，層級(jí)，等級(jí)制度；bureaucracy官僚主義。句意：和大多數(shù)等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的美國(guó)公司一樣，工人和經(jīng)理們也有嚴(yán)格定義的職責(zé)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

16.單選題

Mostofthecivilservantsinvolvedintheaffairhavebeensuccessfully（）andsentenced.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prosecuted

B.propagated

C.persecuted

D.precipitated

【答案】A

【解析】prosecute"起訴,告發(fā)";propagate"傳播,傳送;繁殖";persecute"迫害,困擾";precipitate"使沉淀;促成"。句意：大部分涉案公務(wù)員已被成功檢控和判刑。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

17.單選題

Forfearthatanewshoppingcenterwouldruinthepeaceofthecommunity,manyresidents（）theconstructionplan.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.approved

B.countered

C.defended

D.opposed

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析。approved批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可;counter"反擊,反駁",強(qiáng)調(diào)的是別人先做某個(gè)動(dòng)作或者提出某種觀點(diǎn),自己再來反擊或者駁斥;defended辯護(hù);oppose"反對(duì),反抗,對(duì)抗",可表不同程度的抵抗,用法和object接近,但oppose為及物動(dòng)詞,不需要介詞。句意：由于擔(dān)心新的購(gòu)物中心會(huì)破壞社區(qū)的和平,許多居民反對(duì)這項(xiàng)建設(shè)計(jì)劃。選項(xiàng)D正確。

18.單選題

Despitehisunsuccessfulcareer,hewas（）tothinkthatheatleasthadawarmfamilytoturnto.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conferred

B.consoled

C.confessed

D.convinced

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。conferred授予，商議；consoled安慰，慰藉；confessed坦白，承認(rèn)；convinced使確信，說服。句意：盡管事業(yè)不成功，他安慰自己至少有一個(gè)溫暖的家可以依靠。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

19.單選題

Plasticsheetingshouldbewrappedaroundthetreeinwinnerto（）itfromthewindandthefrost.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.recover

B.shield

C.shade

D.rescue

【答案】B

【解析】recoverfrom恢復(fù);shield與from庇護(hù),使免遭……;shade不與from搭配,rescuefrom從...中營(yíng)救。句意：應(yīng)該用塑料布把樹裹起來,以防止風(fēng)和霜凍。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

20.單選題

Becauseofthemassiveoilspillageinthegulf,boththeplantandanimallivesintheareaarein（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destiny

B.amenity

C.jeopardy

D.tragedy

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。destiny"命運(yùn),天命";amenity"娛樂設(shè)施";jeopardy"危險(xiǎn),危難";injeopardy指處于危險(xiǎn)境地;tragedy"災(zāi)難,悲劇"。句意：由于海灣大量石油泄漏，該地區(qū)的動(dòng)植物都處于危險(xiǎn)之中。選項(xiàng)C正確。

21.單選題

Hewasveryintelligent,buthe（）therequirementforamanager.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fellshortof

B.ranshortof

C.ranoutof

D.frozeoutof

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。fellshortof達(dá)不到,缺乏;ranshortof快用完了;ranoutof用完;frozeoutof不是詞組。句意：他很聰明,但達(dá)不到管理職位的要求。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

22.單選題

ToliveintheUnitedSlatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf'sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.

Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation;itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabirdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobylmakepeopleseehowimportantthehumanqualityoftechnologyis;theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlybecamecompletelydisorderedandtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseourtechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldandourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfordecades,andsofarwehavemanagedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosointheyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactoftechnologyonourlivesdeservesacloserexamination.

Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlivesthanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecializedmachinesthatcandothetasksthatonceonlypeoplecoulddo.Therearethosewhoassertthattheswitchtoaninformation-basedeconomyisinthesamecampasothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheIndustrialRevolution.YetwhenweaskwhytheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotthemachines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasarevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomassproductionand,throughmassproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealthwasnotconfinedtothefew.

Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethestructureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopennewpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheIndustrialRevolutionsupplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.Thecomputerextendsthisdevelopmentofsupplementandreplacessomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeingsbyelectronicmethods.Itisthecapacityofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandthatposesthegreatestdifficultiesinpredictingtheimpactonsociety.

1.Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit（）.

2.TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause（）.

4.Byusingthephrase"thehumanqualityoftechnology"(line7,ParA.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology（）.

5.Thepassageisbasedontheauthor's（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobject

B.isutilizedbyman

C.servesdifferentpurposesequallywell

D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimal

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworld

B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforit

C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbyman

D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerror

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmind

B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebefore

C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnology

D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hasagreatimpactonhumanlife

B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannature

C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmind

D.doesnotexistinthenaturalworld

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.keeninsightintothenatureoftechnology

B.prejudicedcriticismoftheroleoftheIndustrialRevolution

C.cautiousanalysisofthereplacementofthehumanmindbycomputers

D.exaggerateddescriptionofthenegativeconsequencesoftechnology

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段第三句“Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.”除非人們用矛去捕獲獵物或用機(jī)器人去生產(chǎn)機(jī)器零件，否則二者都只不過是硬梆梆的物體而已。也就是說只有為人類所用的時(shí)候，它們才具有科技含量，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theChallengerandChernobyl”定位到第二段第五句：挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)航天飛機(jī)的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利核事故使人們認(rèn)識(shí)到技術(shù)的人為特征是多么重要。下文繼續(xù)提到，計(jì)劃良好的系統(tǒng)突然變得完全混亂，而且沒有現(xiàn)成的人手來糾正它們。因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)是人類創(chuàng)造的，容易出問題。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasarevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.”它之所以是革命性的，主要原因是它帶來了巨大的社會(huì)變革。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段所舉的例子可知，作者意在說明技術(shù)的人為性特征，即技術(shù)同人性一樣，存在弱點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.本題可用排除法。作者在文中并沒有對(duì)工業(yè)革命進(jìn)行批判，所以選項(xiàng)B不正確；大腦不會(huì)被電腦所取代，選項(xiàng)C也表述錯(cuò)誤；雖然科技有負(fù)面影響，但作者沒有進(jìn)行夸大的描述，所以選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。B,C,D三項(xiàng)均可排除，選項(xiàng)A正確，作者對(duì)技術(shù)的本質(zhì)有著敏銳的洞察。

23.單選題

Watchingnewsprogramatnighthasbecomean（）partofthelivesofmostpeopleinbigcities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.automotive

B.instructive

C.unconventional

D.integral

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。automotive自動(dòng)的；instructive有教育意義的；unconventional不按照慣例的；integral完整的，不可或缺的。句意：晚上看新聞節(jié)目已經(jīng)成為大多數(shù)城市人生活中不可或缺的一部分。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

24.單選題

Beforemanypeoplebuyacar,atelevisionorawashingmachine,theyshoparoundforthebestdeal.Yet,whensomeofthesepeoplefindthemselvesinapositioninwhichasecondmedicalopinionisagoodidea——whenfacingadifficultoperation,forexample,——theyareunwillingtogofurther.Sometimesitdoesn'tmatter.Butsometimesitcanleadtothewrongtreatment,evendeath.

Anumberofpsychologicalroadblocksgetinthewayofsecondmedicalopinions,butoneofthemostcommonisthefearofhurtingthefeelingsofthedoctors,andthepossibleresultofthat.Peoplemaythinkthatinbringingupthattheywanttogetasecondopinionthey'requestioningthedoctor'sability,sointheinterestofnothurtingthefeelingofhimtheydon'tsuggestit.

Anotherreasonpeopleavoidgettingasecondopinionisfearoftheseconddoctorgivingthemworsenewsthanthefirst.SaysBalyk:"Youfearthatifyougofor,say,aningrowntoenail,he'lltellyouthatthetoemustcomeoff."Themostimportantconsiderationisthatit'sinyourselfinteresttogetanotheropinion—anditmaynotbeworse.

Then,mostpeopletrust,evengivegreatrespecttotheirdoctors,andregardthemaswithgodlikequalities.Sotheytrusttheirdoctorisright,anddon'taskforasecondopinion.Infact,itdoesn'tevenoccurtothemthattheyshoulD.Butyoushouldrememberthatthedoctorisahumanbeing—justlikeyou.

Andsometimes,whenpeoplearesick,theybecomechildlike.Theyputalltypesofgoodfeelingsontothedoctorandjustlethimtakeover.Atothertimes,obtainingthatsecondopinionjustseemsliketoomuchwork.

Butremember,sometimesgettingthatsecondmedicalopinioncanmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.

1.Fromboththefirstandthelastparagraphswecaninferthattheauthormaywanttosuggestthat（）.

2.Whyaresomepatientsafraidofhurtingthedoctor'sfeelings?

3.Anotherreasonsomepatientsdon'twanttogetasecondmedicalopinionisthat（）.

4.InParagraph5,by"sometimeswhenpeoplearesick,theybecomechildlike"theauthormeansthat（）.

5.Thelastword"work"inParagraph5mayprobablybeclosestinmeaningto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.oneshouldchooseahospitalcarefullywhenill

B.oneshouldthinkseriouslybeforemakingamedicaldecision

C.oneshouldneverbeafraidofquestioningthedoctor'sopinion

D.asecondmedicalopinionisabsolutelynecessary

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfearthatifsosomethingunhappywillhappen.

B.Theyfearthatthedoctormayletthemaloneafterthat.

C.Theyfearthedoctormayintentionallygivethemwrongtreatments.

D.Theyhavebeentaughttorespectdoctorsinthisway.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyareusedtotreatingdoctorsasgodsineveryaspect

B.otherpeoplewilllookonthemasmadiftheydoso

C.theythinkitiswrongtodoubtthedoctor'sopinion

D.doctorsusuallydon'thaveasecondopiniontooffer

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.whenpeoplearesick,theybehaveineverywaylikeachild

B.whenpeoplearesick,theybecomeunreasonable

C.whenpeoplearesick,theyaretoolazytotakecareofthemselves

D.whenpeoplearesick,theyrelytoomuchonothers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.trouble

B.energy

C.time

D.labor

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知，當(dāng)面臨醫(yī)學(xué)意見時(shí)，有時(shí)你做的決定并不重要，但有時(shí)它可能將你帶入錯(cuò)誤的治療甚至是死亡。也就是說，在做醫(yī)療決定之前我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真考慮。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，一些病人害怕傷害醫(yī)生的感情是擔(dān)心可能產(chǎn)生的后果，他們害怕醫(yī)生認(rèn)為病人在質(zhì)疑醫(yī)生的能力。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.語義題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Peoplemaythinkthatinbringingupthattheywanttogetasecondopinionthey'requestioningthedoctor'sability.”人們可能會(huì)認(rèn)為，在提出他們想要得到第二個(gè)意見時(shí)，他們是在質(zhì)疑醫(yī)生的能力。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)原文句意：有時(shí)，當(dāng)人們生病時(shí)，他們變得像孩子一樣。也就是說，他們需要?jiǎng)e人的照顧,也就是依賴別人。故答案為D。

5.語義題。根據(jù)上文對(duì)人們避免接受第二種醫(yī)學(xué)意見的描述可以推測(cè)，work指trouble，更符合原文語境。所以本題選A。

25.案例題

Feelingstressedoutlately?Hasthedoctorsaidhecannotfindanythingwrongwithyou?Perhapshesentyoutoahospital,butallthe（1）equipmentthereshowthatthereisnothingwrong.

Thenconsiderthis,youmightbeina（2）ofsub-health.Sub-health,alsocalledthethirdstate,is（3）asaborderlineslatebetweenhealthanddisease.AccordingtoaninvestigationbytheNationalHealthOrganization,over45percentofsubhealthypeoplearemiddle-agedorelderly.Thepercentageisevenhigheramongpeoplewhoworkinmanagement（4）aswellasstudentsaroundexam-time.Thismaybeduetotheirheightened（5）tostress.

Symptomsincludea（6）ofenergy,depression,slowreactions,insomnia,agitationand（7）memory.Othersymptomsincludeshortnessofbreath,sweatingandachinginthewaistandlegs.

Accordingtosomemedicalexperts,the（8）topreventingandrecoveringfromsub-healthistoformgoodlivinghabits.（9）workwithrest,exerciseregularly,andtakepartin（10）airactivitieswillallhelp.

Asformeals,peopleare（11）toeatlesssaltandsugar.Theyshouldalsoeatmorefreshvegetables,fruitsandfishbecausetheyarerichinnutritious（12）,suchasvitamins,whichare（13）tothebody.

Nutritionexpertspointoutthatitisnotgoodtoeattoomuchatonemealbecauseitmaycause（14）changesinthedigestivetract.Theyalsosaythata（15）dietisveryhelpfulinavoidingsub-health.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

position

define

forgetful

fancy

key

balance

importance

unhealthy

lack

subject

open

plenty

exposure

alternat