選擇性必修一Unit2LookintotheFuture單元綜合練總分：120分時(shí)間：100分鐘單元拾零（每小題1分，共10分）1．Sheswitched(轉(zhuǎn)換)ontheTVsetassoonasshearrivedhome.2．Hecommandedthatthestudentsshouldnotleavetheclassroombeforehereturned.3．Marklongedtoescapefromthesameoldfamiliarroutine.4．Theyconstantlycommunicatewithpeopleontheearth.5．Atthementionofhisname，heinstantlystoodup.6．Hewasremarking(評(píng)論)onthesubjectwhenIcamein.7．Itiswidelyacknowledged(承認(rèn))thatthehoteloffersahighstandardofcomfortandservice.8．Thegovernmenthasaninterestinimportingscientific(科學(xué)上的)equipment.9．Havingcollectedandevaluated(評(píng)估)theinformation,scientistsmakepredictions.10．Manypeopleobjecttodoingsuchanexperimentonanimals.第二部分單元提升：閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分40分)第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A、B、C、D中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWithexamsjustaroundthecorner,nowisagoodtimetoexploresomeofUCL’slesser-knownstudyspacesandgetdowntosomerevision.Herearesomegoodchoicesforyou.UCLSenateHouseHubUCLSenateHouseHubopenedin2015andprovides144studyspaces.What’smore,youcancheckhowmanyspacesareavailableonlinebeforeyouheadtotheplace.Locatedonthe3rdflooroftheSouthBlockofSenateHouse,thecenterhasroomforindividualandgroupstudyintraditionallibraryspaces,aswellasarmchairsandwi-ficoverage.UCLEastmanDentalLibraryThenewlyredecoratedUCLEastmanDentalLibraryislocatedhalfwayalongGray'sInnRoadandisopenfromMondaytoFriday,9:00am800pm.Thelibraryhas72studyspaces,andmanyITfacilities（equipmentwithaccesstotheInternet）.Thelibraryalsohasastudyroomformeetingsandacomputerclusterroomwithawhiteboard.UCLLanguage&SpeechScienceLibraryUCLLanguage&SpeechScienceLibrary（LASS）hasdisabledaccessandhasrecentlybeendecoratedtoaddextrastudyspaces.Withonly49spaces,LASSissmallerthanmostotherUCLlibrariesandtendstofillupquickly,sogetthereearlytoavoiddisappointment.SenateHouseLibraryThisonemaybecheatingastheSenateHouseLibraryisnottechnicallyaUCLlibrary.However,allUCLstudentsandstaffcanregisterforfreemembershiponline.Withmillionsofbooksandjournals,SenateHouseLibraryofferssomeplacesalittlelessusedbyUCLstudentsbutperfectforstudentswhowanttofocusonsomehardwork.1.Thefourplacesaremainlyintroducedtosomeonewho________.A.likeslearningonline B.preferstostudyinwidely-knownlibrariesC.lovesreading D.ispreparingforexams2.WhatshouldstudentsdoonlinebeforetheygotoUCLSenateHouseHub?A.Checkwhetherthereareavailableseats.B.TaketheMembershipCard.C.Makeanappointmentinadvance.D.Checkthelibrary’sopeninghours.3.HowmanylibrariescanofferInternetservices?A.Four. B.One. C.Two. D.Three.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院幾個(gè)供學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)備考的地方。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Withexamsjustaroundthecorner,nowisagoodtimetoexploresomeofUCL'slesser-knownstudyspacesandgetdowntosomerevision.Herearesomegoodchoicesforyou.”（隨著考試的臨近，現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)很好的時(shí)間去探索一些UCL鮮為人知的學(xué)習(xí)空間，并著手進(jìn)行一些復(fù)習(xí)。這里有一些不錯(cuò)的選擇。）可知，這四個(gè)地方主要介紹給正在準(zhǔn)備考試的人。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)UCLSenateHouseHub部分中的第二句“What'smore,youcancheckhowmanyspacesareavailableonlinebeforeyouheadtotheplace”（更重要的是，你可以在去那里之前上網(wǎng)查看有多少空位）可知，在前往倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院參議院中心之前，學(xué)生應(yīng)該在網(wǎng)上查看是否有空位。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)UCLEastmanDentalLibrary部分中的“Thelibraryalsohasastudyroomformeetingsandacomputerclusterroomwithawhiteboard”（圖書(shū)館還有一間會(huì)議室和一間帶白板的電腦室）可知，只有這一家圖書(shū)館有電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源可使用。故選B。BWorkisapartofliving—mygrandparentsunderstoodthat.TheylivedandworkedonacentralPennsylvaniafarmthathasbeeninmyfamilyfor150years.HessFarm,atthattime,wasself-sufficient.Theyraisedbeefcattleformeat,chickensforeggsandhogsforporkandlard.DairycowswerekeptformilkandthecreamfromwhichGrandmamadebutterandcheese.Thatlittleyardtheyhadbecameagarden.TheDepression,therefore,didn’tmakeadramaticchangeintheirlives.Butitdidbringanunendingflowofmenoutofwork,driftingfromjobtojob,tothefarm.Thefirstmantoshowuponthekitchenporchwasragged-looking,butpolite.Hetookoffhishatandquietlyexplainedthathehadn’teatenforawhile.Grandpastoodwatchinghimabit,thensaid,“There’sapileoffirewoodstackedagainstthefencebehindthebarn(畜棚).I’vebeenneedingtogetitmovedtotheothersideofthefence.Youhavejustaboutenoughtimetofinishthejobbeforelunch.”Withthat,hestuckouthisroughhandtothestranger.Grandmasaidasurprisingthinghappened.Thedriftergotashineinhiseyesand,behindhisbeard,hesmiled.Hehurriedtothebarninaneartrot(小跑).Shesetanotherplaceatthetableandbakedanapplepie.Duringlunch,thestrangerdidn’tsaymuch,buthisshouldersstraightenedwhenheleft.“Nothingruinsamanlikelosinghisself-respect”,Grandpalatertoldme.Soonafter,anothermanshowedupaskingforameal.Thisonewasdressedinasuitandcarriedasmall,wornsuitcase.Grandpacameoutandthenofferedahandshake.“There’sastackoffirewoodalongthefencedownbehindthebarnI’vebeenmeaningtogetmoved.It’dsurebeahelptome.Andwe’dbepleasedtohaveyoustayforlunch.”Thefellowsethissuitcaseandneatlylaidhiscoatandvestontop.Thenhesetofftowork.Grandmasaysshedoesn’trememberhowmanystrangerstheysharedamealwithduringthoseDepressiondays—orhowmanytimesthatpileofwoodgotmoved.4.WhatistheresultoftheDepression?A.Somepeopleearnedalotofmoney.B.Alargenumberofpeoplewentabroad.C.Manypeoplewerelaidoff.DQuiteafewpeoplediedofastrangedisease.5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthegrandpa?A.Hepretendedtobegenerous.B.Hepretendedtobemean.C.Hesharedmealwitheveryonewhocametohisdoor.D.Hegavemealtothepoorwithoutlosingtheirself-respect.6.HowmanystrangersdidGrandpaandGrandmashareamealwithduringthosedays?A.Theysharedamealwithonlytwopeople.B.Theysharedamealwithtwentypeople.C.Thepassagedoesn’tmentionthenumber.D.Theydidn’tshareamealwithanyone.7.Whatcanweknowaboutthestrangerfromtheunderlinedsentence?A.Thestrangerwasfullafterlunch.B.Thestrangerearnedhisbreadthroughhisownwork.C.Thestrangerwantedtoshowhisgratitude.D.Thestrangerwantedtostretchhisbody.【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.B【解析】【分析】本文為一篇記敘文，講述了爺爺和奶奶為了不讓流浪漢失去尊嚴(yán)，讓他們?yōu)樽约涸谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)上干活換取一頓飯的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段關(guān)鍵句“Butitdidbringanunendingflowofmenoutofwork,driftingfromjobtojob,tothefarm.”（但它確實(shí)帶來(lái)了源源不斷的失業(yè)人口，從一個(gè)工作漂泊到另一個(gè)工作，來(lái)到農(nóng)場(chǎng)。）可知，經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條導(dǎo)致了很多人失業(yè)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段關(guān)鍵句“There’sapileoffirewoodstackedagainstthefencebehindthebarn.I’vebeenneedingtogetitmovedtotheothersideofthefence.Youhavejustaboutenoughtimetofinishthejobbeforelunch.”（谷倉(cāng)后面的籬笆旁堆著一堆柴火。我一直想把它移到柵欄的另一邊。午飯前你有足夠的時(shí)間完成這項(xiàng)工作。）并結(jié)合文章第三段關(guān)鍵句“Thedriftergotashineinhiseyesand,behindhisbeard,hesmiled.”（流浪漢的眼睛閃閃發(fā)亮，胡子后面露出了微笑。）及“Nothingruinsamanlikelosinghisself-respect（沒(méi)有什么比失去自尊更能毀掉一個(gè)人的了）”可以推測(cè)，爺爺讓流浪漢干活換取一頓飯，他在不損害窮人自尊的情況下把飯分給他們。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段關(guān)鍵句“Grandmasaysshedoesn’trememberhowmanystrangerstheysharedamealwithduringthoseDepressiondays—orhowmanytimesthatpileofwoodgotmoved.”（奶奶說(shuō)，她不記得在大蕭條時(shí)期有多少陌生人和他們一起吃過(guò)飯，也不記得那堆木頭被搬過(guò)多少次。）可知，通過(guò)奶奶說(shuō)的話(huà)可以判斷，在經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條的日子里，爺爺和奶奶和很多陌生人吃過(guò)飯，但是文章沒(méi)有給出具體的數(shù)字。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段劃線(xiàn)句“Duringlunch,thestrangerdidn’tsaymuch,buthisshouldersstraightenedwhenheleft.”（吃午飯時(shí)，這個(gè)陌生人沒(méi)說(shuō)什么，但他走的時(shí)候挺直了肩膀。）并結(jié)合上一段內(nèi)容“There’sapileoffirewoodstackedagainstthefencebehindthebarn(畜棚).I’vebeenneedingtogetitmovedtotheothersideofthefence.Youhavejustaboutenoughtimetofinishthejobbeforelunch.”Withthat,hestuckouthisroughhandtothestranger.”可知，爺爺通過(guò)讓流浪漢干活，提供給他一頓飯，因此，這個(gè)流浪漢通過(guò)自己的努力工作換得了面包。故選B項(xiàng)。CEducationalprogramsoftenusefear-basedmessagingandfilmsofcrashscenestoreduceriskydrivingbehavioramongyoungpeople.Butdoesthis“scary”approachwork?Anewstudysuggeststhatfear-basedmessagingfailstoreduceriskydrivingbehavior,whilefear-basedVirtualReality(VR)filmsshowingaviolentcollisionmayactuallyleadyoungdriverstotakemorechancesbehindthewheel.AteamofpsychologistsinBelgiumconductedastudyof146studentswhohadbeenlegallydrivingforlessthanfiveyears.Theresearchersexaminedtheimpactofbothcontent(fearvs.positive)anddeliverymode(2Dvs.VR)ofdriversafetyinterventionprograms.Byshowingaseriousconsequencesuchasdeath,fear-baseddrivereducationfilmsattempttoarouseasenseoffearandpersuadeyoungpeopletodrivemorecarefully.Positivelyframedfilmstaketheoppositeapproach,usinghumorandmodelingsafedrivingbehaviorsthatresultinpositiveconsequences.Threetestswereusedtoanalyzetherisk-takingbehavioroftheyoungdriversbeforeandafterparticipatingintheinterventionprogram.Onewasaquestionnaire.Anotherwasatestontraffic,whichasksparticipantstowatchvideoclipsofdrivingsituationsandchoosewhethertheyviewasituationastoorisky,forexample,choosingwhethertopassanothercarinicyconditions.Athirdtestwasusedtomeasurethelevelofemotionalarousal(suchasfeelingafraid)afterwatchingafilm.Theresultsshowedthatparticipantswhoviewedthefear-basedVRfilmreportedriskierdrivingbehaviorsafterward,whilethosewhoviewedapositivelyframedVRfilmexhibitedthegreatestreductioninriskydrivingbehavior.Thisfindingsupportsotherresearchthathasshownthatexposingparticipantstoanextremecollisiontendstoactivatedefensivemechanisms,suchaspayingattentionforashortertime,disengaging,rejectingamessage,andanincreaseinriskybehaviors.“Fearappealshavebeenusedinmanyhealthandenvironmentalcampaigns,suchassmokingandanti-drug,”saysDr.Cutellooftheresearchteam.“Furtherexperimentalresearchisneededtodeterminewhethertheuseoffeariseffective.”8Whatisthenewstudyabout?A.VR’sapplicationondrivingeducation. B.Youngdrivers’riskydrivingbehaviors.C.Thedeadlyconsequenceofviolentcrashes. D.Theeffectofdrivers’educationalprograms.9.Whywereparticipantsaskedtowatchvideoclipsinthesecondtest?A.Toassessdrivingemotions. B.Tojudgedrivingbehaviors.C.Togaindrivingcompetence. D.Tokeepsafedrivinginmind.10.Whichwastheresultofthefear-basedVRfilminthestudy?A.Driversshowfewerriskybehaviors. B.Driverswerelessabletofocuslong.C.Driverswereunwillingtocooperate. D.Driversbecamemoreopentoadvice.11.WhatdoesDr.Cutello’swordssuggest?AMoreresearchshouldbeconducted. B.Fear-basededucationshouldn’tbeused.Theresultofhisresearchisunconvincing. D.Theuseoffeareducationhasbeencutdown.【答案】8.D9.B10.B11.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)新研究表明，基于恐懼的信息和撞車(chē)場(chǎng)景的司機(jī)教育項(xiàng)目并不能減少危險(xiǎn)的駕駛行為，實(shí)際上可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致年輕司機(jī)在駕駛時(shí)更冒險(xiǎn)。文章主要介紹了這項(xiàng)研究開(kāi)展的過(guò)程以及發(fā)現(xiàn)。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Educationalprogramsoftenusefear-basedmessagingandfilmsofcrashscenestoreduceriskydrivingbehavioramongyoungpeople.Butdoesthis“scary”approachwork?Anewstudysuggeststhatfear-basedmessagingfailstoreduceriskydrivingbehavior,whilefear-basedVirtualReality(VR)filmsshowingaviolentcollisionmayactuallyleadyoungdriverstotakemorechancesbehindthewheel.(教育項(xiàng)目經(jīng)常使用基于恐懼的信息和撞車(chē)場(chǎng)景的電影來(lái)減少年輕人的危險(xiǎn)駕駛行為。但是這種“可怕”的方法有效嗎？一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，基于恐懼的信息傳遞并不能減少危險(xiǎn)的駕駛行為，而基于恐懼的虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)電影顯示的暴力碰撞實(shí)際上可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致年輕司機(jī)在駕駛時(shí)更冒險(xiǎn))”可知，這項(xiàng)新研究是關(guān)于司機(jī)教育計(jì)劃的效果。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Anotherwasatestontraffic,whichasksparticipantstowatchvideoclipsofdrivingsituationsandchoosewhethertheyviewasituationastoorisky,forexample,choosingwhethertopassanothercarinicyconditions.(另一項(xiàng)是交通測(cè)試，要求參與者觀(guān)看駕駛情況的視頻剪輯，并選擇他們是否認(rèn)為某一情況太危險(xiǎn)，例如，選擇是否在結(jié)冰的情況下超過(guò)另一輛車(chē))”可知，參與者在第二次測(cè)試中被要求觀(guān)看視頻剪輯是為了判斷駕駛行為。故選B。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thisfindingsupportsotherresearchthathasshownthatexposingparticipantstoanextremecollisiontendstoactivatedefensivemechanisms,suchaspayingattentionforashortertime,disengaging,rejectingamessage,andanincreaseinriskybehaviors.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)支持了其他研究，該研究表明，將參與者暴露在極端的沖突中，往往會(huì)激活防御機(jī)制，如更短的時(shí)間集中注意力，分心，拒絕信息，以及增加風(fēng)險(xiǎn)行為)”可知，研究中基于恐懼的虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)電影的結(jié)果是司機(jī)不能較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間集中注意力。故選B。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Furtherexperimentalresearchisneededtodeterminewhethertheuseoffeariseffective.(需要進(jìn)一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究來(lái)確定恐懼的使用是否有效)”可推知，Cutello博士的話(huà)暗示了應(yīng)該進(jìn)行更多的研究。故選A。DThe90-minutelonggameinvolvestwogoals,blackandwhitecheckered(格子)balls,goalkeeper,andnohanduse.Thissport,ofcourse,issoccerorfootball,asthemajorityoftherestoftheworldsays.It’sconfusingthatsomecountriescallthissport“football”whileAmericansandCanadianssay“soccer”,butapparentlytheBritisharemostlytoblame.ThenameconfusionisactuallythankstoBritishuniversitiesintheearly1800swhotriedstandardizingvarioussportsgamesthathaddifferentrulesandregulationstodifferentiatebetweenthem.Rugby,formerlyknownas“rugbyfootball”or“rugger”,isatranslationof“football”whereyoucanuseyourhands.Soccer,originally“associationfootball”or“asoccer”,isthetraditionaltranslationof“football”wherepeopledon’tusetheirhands.PeopleinEnglandstartedshorteningthenamesbydroppingthe“association”partofthephraseaswellasthe“a”in“asoccer”.Ifyourheadhurtsfromthinkingaboutthis,preparetohaveyourmindblownbythesethingsyouprobablyneverthoughtabout—untiljustnow.Nowcomesthecomplexity:in1869,RutgersandPrincetoncollegesheldthefirsttraditional,recorded,footballgameusingauniquecombinationofrulesfrombothrugbyandsoccer,creatingwhatweknowas“Americanfootball”andwhatothercountriesrefertoas“gridiron”.ThankstothepopularityofAmericanfootball,soccerplayersinAmericakeepto“soccer”tohelpdifferentiatethemselves,accordingtotheEncyclopediaBritannica.Ifthename“soccer”stuckinBritain,andifAmericanscameupwithabetteroneforAmericanfootball,therewouldbemuchlessconfusion.Sowhydidthe“football”shortkindof“associationfootball”becomemorepopularthan“soccer”inEnglandanyway?Originally,AmericaninfluenceonBritainduringWorldWarIImade“soccer”thepopularterminEnglandbeforethe1980s,TheAtlanticreports.OncethesportbecamemorepopularintheUnitedStatesaroundthattime,theBritishstoppedusing“soccer”.12.Whatcausedthenameconfusionintheearly1800s?A.Sportsrules. B.Gametime.C.Ballpopularity. D.Newsorganizations.13.Inwhichofthefollowingdothetwobelongtothesameone?A.“Rugby”and“Soccer”. B.“Rugger”and“Americanfootball”.C.“Americanfootball”and“Gridiron”. D.“Gridiron”and“Association

football”.14.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph3?A.Thenamesmakeitmoredifficultforpeopletounderstand.B.Youcannotuseyourhandswhileplayinggames.C.Thenameconfusionisbecomingstronger.D.Makingthebestoftheheadinthesportsisextremelyvital.15.What

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football.【答案】12.A13.C14.C15.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹了關(guān)于英式的“soccer”和美式的“football”的文化淵源?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThenameconfusionisactuallythankstoBritishuniversitiesintheearly1800swhotriedstandardizingvarioussportsgamesthathaddifferentrulesandregulationstodifferentiatebetweenthem.（實(shí)際上，造成這種名稱(chēng)混淆的原因是19世紀(jì)早期英國(guó)大學(xué)試圖將各種體育比賽標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，并采用不同的習(xí)慣和規(guī)則來(lái)區(qū)分它們。）”可知，在19世紀(jì)早期，是體育規(guī)則導(dǎo)致了名字的混淆。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Nowcomesthecomplexity:in1869,RutgersandPrincetoncollegesheldthefirsttraditional,recorded,footballgameusingauniquecombinationofrulesfrombothrugbyandsoccer,creatingwhatweknowas“Americanfootball”andwhatothercountriesrefertoas“gridiron”.（事情就復(fù)雜了：1869年，羅格斯大學(xué)和普林斯頓大學(xué)結(jié)合英式橄欖球和英式足球的規(guī)則，舉辦了第一場(chǎng)有記載的傳統(tǒng)足球比賽，這就是我們現(xiàn)在所說(shuō)的“美式足球”，其他國(guó)家稱(chēng)之為“格里迪倫足球”。）”可知，“Americanfootball”和“gridiron”都是指美式足球。故選C。【14題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Rugby,formerlyknownas“rugbyfootball”or“rugger”,isatranslationof“football”whereyoucanuseyourhands.Soccer,originally“associationfootball”or“asoccer”,isthetraditionaltranslationof“football”wherepeopledon’tusetheirhands.PeopleinEnglandstartedshorteningthenamesbydroppingthe“association”partofthephraseaswellasthe“a”in“asoccer”.（橄欖球，以前被稱(chēng)為“Rugbyfootball”或“rugger”，是“football”一詞的翻譯，在橄欖球比賽中你可以用手擊球。Soccer最初是“associationfootball”或“assoccer”，是“football”的傳統(tǒng)翻譯，人們不用手。英格蘭人開(kāi)始縮短名字，去掉詞組中的“association”和“asocker”中的“a”。）”可知，本段主要描述了是否使用手來(lái)命名的復(fù)雜過(guò)程。劃線(xiàn)部分意思是“命名過(guò)程愈加混亂了”。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Originally,AmericaninfluenceonBritainduringWorldWarIImade“soccer”thepopularterminEnglandbeforethe1980s,TheAtlanticreports.OncethesportbecamemorepopularintheUnitedStatesaroundthattime,theBritishstoppedusing“soccer”.（據(jù)《大西洋月刊》報(bào)道，第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，美國(guó)人對(duì)英國(guó)的影響使得soccer這個(gè)詞在20世紀(jì)80年代之前在英國(guó)流行起來(lái)。大約在那個(gè)時(shí)候，這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)在美國(guó)變得更加流行，英國(guó)人就不再使用“soccer”這個(gè)詞了。）”可知，二戰(zhàn)期間美國(guó)對(duì)英國(guó)影響較大，soccer被英國(guó)人普遍使用，但二戰(zhàn)之后美國(guó)影響力減弱，于是英國(guó)人回到原來(lái)的用詞football。由此可推斷，歷史和文化對(duì)名字有很大的影響。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Despitethemanywaystocommunicate,goodcommunicatorsshareincommonimportantprinciplesandtechniquesthatenablethemtocommunicateeffectively.Thecharacteristicsofgoodcommunicatorscutacrossalllanguagesandcultures.Becomingagoodcommunicatorhasmanybenefitsandadvantages.____1____Goodcommunicatorslisten.Listeningisanimportantcomponentofcommunicatingeffectively.Itshowsotherpeoplethatyouaresincereandinterestedinwhattheyaresaying.____2____Listeningenablesyoutoweighandevaluatevariousissuesbeforeyouproducearesponse.Goodcommunicatorscommunicateclearlywhetherinwriting,speakingorgesturing.Intermsofspeaking,goodcommunicatorsprojecttheirvoiceswithafirmtonetoensurethatpeoplecanliterallyunderstandthem.Intermsofwriting,goodcommunicatorsusetheappropriatewordstoconveydifferentsensesofmeaning.____3___Goodcommunicatorsorganizetheirthoughtstoensurethatwhattheycommunicatecomesoutinanorganizedfashion.____4____Goodcommunicatorsalsoorganizewhattheysayintoconcisestatementsthatareeasytounderstandbythelisteners.Thiswayitisnottoodifficultforlistenerstofollowwhattheysay.____5____Whenaspeakershowsthatsheisgenuineaboutwhatshesays,listenersarelikelytobelievethespeakerbecauseofthesinceritywithwhichshespeaks.Sincerecommunicatorsusuallycommunicateconvincinglybecausetheyarewillingtoputtheirbeliefsonthelineforthesakeofcommunicatingthetruth.A.Goodcommunicatorsaresincere.B.Also,itallowsyoutocorrectlyrespondtopeople.C.Goodcommunicatorsmusthaveastrongvocabulary.D.Goodcommunicatorshavesympathyforothers'suffering.E.Butwhatkindofqualitiesdoesagoodcommunicatorhave?F.Themeaningofcommunicationistohelppeopleunderstandeachother.G.Thisallowsthemtheabilitytomakeaclearexplanationwithexamplesandillustrations.【答案】1.E2.B3.C4.G5.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了有效的溝通者應(yīng)該具備的四種素養(yǎng)?！?題詳解】根據(jù)前句“Becomingagoodcommunicatorhasmanybenefitsandadvantages.(成為一個(gè)好的溝通者有很多好處和優(yōu)勢(shì)。)”及后四段詳細(xì)介紹了具體的四種素養(yǎng)，可知，此處為承上啟下。即好的溝通者應(yīng)該具備什么樣的品質(zhì)。所以選擇項(xiàng)E“Butwhatkindofqualitiesdoesagoodcommunicatorhave?(但是一個(gè)好的溝通者應(yīng)該具備什么樣的品質(zhì)呢?)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】根據(jù)前句“Listeningisanimportantcomponentofcommunicatingeffectively.Itshowsotherpeoplethatyouaresincereandinterestedinwhattheyaresaying.(傾聽(tīng)是有效溝通的重要組成部分。這向別人表明你是真誠(chéng)的，對(duì)他們說(shuō)的話(huà)感興趣。)”可知，傾聽(tīng)表明說(shuō)話(huà)人關(guān)注著對(duì)方，因此可以推斷出，傾聽(tīng)給對(duì)方恰當(dāng)?shù)姆磻?yīng)，并與空后的傾聽(tīng)的作用形成有效的意思層進(jìn)。所以選擇項(xiàng)B“Also,itallowsyoutocorrectlyrespondtopeople.(此外，它允許你正確地回應(yīng)人們。)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)【3題詳解】根據(jù)前句“Intermsofwriting,goodcommunicatorsusetheappropriatewordstoconveydifferentsensesofmeaning.(在寫(xiě)作方面，好溝通者會(huì)使用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)不同的意思。)”可知，有效的溝通者會(huì)字斟句酌，用恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅郾磉_(dá)不同層面的意思，說(shuō)明溝通者要有豐富的詞匯量。所以選擇項(xiàng)C“Goodcommunicatorsmusthaveastrongvocabulary.(優(yōu)秀的溝通者必須擁有強(qiáng)大的詞匯量。)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】根據(jù)前句“Goodcommunicatorsorganizetheirthoughtstoensurethatwhattheycommunicatecomesoutinanorganizedfashion.(優(yōu)秀的溝通者組織他們的想法，以確保他們以一種有組織的方式表達(dá)出來(lái)。)”可知，有效的溝通者能夠很有條理的組織并表達(dá)出自己的意思，這就意味著他們具備用各種事例、插圖等清楚地解釋他們的思想的能力。所以選擇項(xiàng)G“Thisallowsthemtheabilitytomakeaclearexplanationwithexamplesandillustrations.(這使他們能夠用例子和插圖來(lái)清楚地解釋。)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Whenaspeakershowsthatsheisgenuineaboutwhatshesays,listenersarelikelytobelievethespeakerbecauseofthesinceritywithwhichshespeaks.Sincerecommunicatorsusuallycommunicateconvincinglybecausetheyarewillingtoputtheirbeliefsonthelineforthesakeofcommunicatingthetruth.(當(dāng)一位演講者表現(xiàn)出她對(duì)她所說(shuō)的是真誠(chéng)的，聽(tīng)眾很可能會(huì)相信這位演講者，因?yàn)樗f(shuō)的是真誠(chéng)的。真誠(chéng)的溝通者通常能令人信服地溝通，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)敢鉃榱藴贤ㄕ嫦喽鵂奚约旱男叛觥?”可知，本段介紹了的有效的溝通者在與人溝通時(shí)始終報(bào)以真誠(chéng)的情感。所以選擇項(xiàng)A“Goodcommunicatorsaresincere.(好的溝通者是真誠(chéng)的。)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)法知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Ioweayoungladyaletter.ShewrotetomelastweekaskinghowIwas,sayingshewasfineandthatshewas____1____thedresswesentforherbirthday.Thenshewrote,“Please____2____.”Ifmymemory____3____meright,itisadecadesincesomeoneaskedmetowriteback.Wedon’twritelettersanymore.The____4____isgone;there’snothinggoodinthe____5____butadvertisementsandcirculars.WhenIwasyoungmyfathertookanewjob.Weonlymoved200miles,butitfeltlikewehadbeen____6____fromfriends,extendedfamilyandallthings____7____bytwocontinentsandanocean.Longdistancephonecallswere____8____andexpensivethen,mostoften____9____foremergenciesorbadnews.Butpeoplewrote.Bothmygrandmothersandtwoofmygreat-auntswrotetome.Itwas_____10_____thatsomeonetookaninterestina_____11_____kid.Thatsomeonewouldtakethetimetoputpento_____12_____andsharetheirlivesand_____13_____minemeantalot,really.IspentmanyaSundayeveningstrainingtocompose(用心寫(xiě))____14_____andwell-writtenletters.Mymotherwasagreatletterwriter.IlookedforwardtoherletterswhenIwenttocollegeandthenworkingattheotherendofthe_____15_____.WhenImarried,hadchildrenandmovedagain,stillfarfromhome,shewrote_____16_____.Letterswereawayofclosingthe_____17_____.Asphonecallsbecame_____18_____,thencheap,theflowoflettersbecame_____19_____andeventuallystopped.Butthatwasnotthecasetoday.Todaytherewassomethingtrulyspecial,whichtakesmetomymost_____20_____taskathand,“DearAudrey…”1.A.designing B.enjoying C.selecting D.understanding2.A.accept B.understand C.respond D.decide3.A.fails B.serves C.fits D.confirms4.A.thrill B.purpose C.dilemma D.courage5.A.mail B.practice C.spot D.home6.A.transported B.prevented C.blocked D.separated7.A.impressive B.considerate C.familiar D.positive8.A.valuable B.secret C.rare D.brief9.A.respected B.reserved C.handled D.considered10.A.difficult B.polite C.impossible D.special11.A.hopeless B.homesick C.fragile D.poor12.A.use B.process C.paper D.affection13.A.putforward B.inquireabout C.reactto D.lookinto14.A.active B.precious C.admirable D.thoughtful15.A.company B.garden C.country D.newspaper16.A.happily B.finally C.especially D.faithfully17.A.distance B.distinction C.interval D.gap18.A.affordable B.reasonable C.adequate D.direct19.A.complex B.unmistakable C.slow D.indefinite20.A.skillful B.delightful C.natural D.typical【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.A5.A6.D7.C8.C9.B10.D11.B12.C13.B14.D15.C16.D17.A18.A19.C20.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述的是一位女士要求作者給她回信，作者卻沒(méi)有了寫(xiě)信的激情引出話(huà)題，作者回憶自己以前離家出走時(shí)總收到祖母和母親的信，那種感覺(jué)很特別，后來(lái)隨著電話(huà)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及，人們很少寫(xiě)信了，現(xiàn)在一封信是多么的難得，想到這，作者又提筆給這位女士回信了?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她上周給我寫(xiě)信問(wèn)我怎么樣，說(shuō)她很好，還說(shuō)她很喜歡我們送給她的生日禮服。A.designing設(shè)計(jì)；B.enjoying喜歡，享受；C.selecting挑選；D.understanding理解。根據(jù)“生日禮物”可知，這位女士在信中應(yīng)表達(dá)很“喜歡”這條裙子。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后她寫(xiě)道：“請(qǐng)回復(fù)?！盇.accept接受；B.understand理解；C.respond回復(fù)，回應(yīng)；D.decide決定。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“Ioweayoungladyaletter.”以及最后一段“Todaytherewassomethingtrulyspecial,whichtakesmetomymost____20____taskathand,“DearAudrey…””可知，作者回復(fù)了這封信，此處表達(dá)這位女士寫(xiě)到，希望作者“回復(fù)”。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我沒(méi)記錯(cuò)的話(huà)，十年前就有人讓我回信了。A.fails失??；B.serves服務(wù)，作用；C.fits適合；D.confirms確認(rèn)。根據(jù)主句句意可知，此處表示作者記得上次有人叫他回復(fù)是十年前了，英語(yǔ)意譯表達(dá)“Ifmymemoryservesmeright”意為“如果我沒(méi)記錯(cuò)的話(huà)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：激動(dòng)已逝；除了廣告和傳單外，郵件里沒(méi)有什么好東西。A.thrill激動(dòng)，緊張；B.purpose目的；C.dilemma進(jìn)退兩難；D.courage勇氣。根據(jù)前一句“Wedon’twritelettersanymore.”可知，這種“激動(dòng)”已經(jīng)沒(méi)有了。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：激動(dòng)已逝；除了廣告和傳單外，郵件里沒(méi)有什么好東西。A.mail郵件；B.practice練習(xí)；C.spot點(diǎn)，地方；D.home家。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容提及我們不再寫(xiě)信以及“廣告和傳單”可知，此處是指“郵件里”沒(méi)有什么好東西了。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們只搬了200英里，但感覺(jué)就像我們與朋友、大家庭和所有熟悉的東西隔著兩個(gè)大陸和一個(gè)海洋。A.transported運(yùn)輸；B.prevented預(yù)防，防止；C.blocked阻塞，限制；D.separated分離。根據(jù)“搬了200公里”以及“我們像兩個(gè)大陸和一個(gè)海洋”可知，此處指“被分離了”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們只搬了200英里，但感覺(jué)就像我們與朋友、大家庭和所有熟悉的東西隔著兩個(gè)大陸和一個(gè)海洋。A.impressive印象深刻的，感人的；B.considerate考慮周到的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.positive積極的。根據(jù)“friends,extendedfamily”可知，此處指“熟悉的”所有東西。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那時(shí)，長(zhǎng)途電話(huà)很少見(jiàn)，而且價(jià)格昂貴，通常只有在遇到緊急情況或收到壞消息時(shí)才使用。A.valuable有價(jià)值的；B.secret秘密的；C.rare少見(jiàn)的，極少的；D.brief簡(jiǎn)短的。根據(jù)句意中的“價(jià)格昂貴”和“通常只有在遇到緊急情況或收到壞消息時(shí)才使用”可知，電話(huà)很“少見(jiàn)”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那時(shí)，長(zhǎng)途電話(huà)很少見(jiàn)，而且價(jià)格昂貴，通常只有在遇到緊急情況或收到壞消息時(shí)才使用。A.respected尊重；B.reserved儲(chǔ)備，保留；C.handled掌控；D.considered考慮。根據(jù)“foremergenciesorbadnews”可知，昂貴少見(jiàn)的電話(huà)是為這類(lèi)事情而儲(chǔ)備的。故選B項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)想家的孩子有人關(guān)心，這很特別。A.difficult困難的；B.polite有禮貌的；C.impossible不可能的；D.special特別的。根據(jù)下文“Thatsomeonewouldtakethetimetoputpento____12____andsharetheirlivesand____13____minemeantalot,really.”可知，作者覺(jué)得有人關(guān)心的感覺(jué)很“特別”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)想家的孩子有人關(guān)心，這很特別。A.hopeless絕望的；B.homesick想家的；C.fragile易碎的；D.poor貧窮的，弱的。根據(jù)上一句“Bothmygrandmothersandtwoofmygreat-auntswrotetome.”可知，給作者寫(xiě)信的都是親人，且作者覺(jué)得有人寫(xiě)信與他分享生活也想了解他的生活對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)意義重大。由此推知，作者此處表達(dá)的是是一個(gè)“想家的”孩子有人關(guān)心的感覺(jué)很特別。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有人愿意花時(shí)間動(dòng)筆寫(xiě)信給我分享他們的生活，詢(xún)問(wèn)我的生活，真的很有意義。A.use使用；B.process過(guò)程；C.paper紙張，文章；D.affection影響，感情。根據(jù)“寫(xiě)信”可知，此處指“putpentopaper”。故選C項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：有人愿意花時(shí)間動(dòng)筆寫(xiě)信給我分享他們的生活，詢(xún)問(wèn)我的生活，真的很有意義。A.putforward提出；B.inquireabout詢(xún)問(wèn)，查詢(xún)；C.reactto作出反應(yīng)；D.lookinto觀(guān)察，瀏覽。根據(jù)“sharetheirlives”可知，他們也會(huì)“詢(xún)問(wèn)打聽(tīng)”作者的生活。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：許多個(gè)星期天晚上，我都用心寫(xiě)寫(xiě)幾封體貼入微，文筆優(yōu)美的信。A.active活躍的；B.precious寶貴的；C.admirable令人欽佩；D.thoughtful體貼的。根據(jù)“compose”和“well-written”可知，此處應(yīng)是“體貼的”信件。故選D項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我上了大學(xué)，然后在這個(gè)國(guó)家的另一端工作時(shí)，我期待著她的來(lái)信。A.company公司；B.garden花園；C.country國(guó)家；D.newspaper報(bào)紙。根據(jù)句意“作者期待母親的來(lái)信”可知