住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-昆明理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Itisrather（

）thatwestilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday.

問題1選項

A.misleading

B.boring

C.embarrassing

D.demanding

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項misleading“誤導(dǎo)性的”；B選項boring“無聊的，無趣的”；C選項embarrassing“使人尷尬的，令人為難的”；D選項demanding“要求高的，要求極嚴的”。句中的it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句，由“westilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday（我們?nèi)匀徊恢澜裉焓澜缟嫌卸嗌俜N物種）”可知C選項符合語境。句意：我們現(xiàn)在還不知道世界上有多少物種，這是相當(dāng)令人尷尬的。

2.單選題

Acobwebglisteningwithdewseemsas（

）asitislovely.

問題1選項

A.fragile

B.frigid

C.strident

D.tedious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項fragile“易碎的，脆弱的”；B選項frigid“嚴寒的，寒冷的，冷淡的”；C選項strident“刺耳的”；D選項tedious“冗長的，啰唆的，單調(diào)乏味的”。由“有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又______，又可愛”可知空格處的詞語要與cobweb（蜘蛛網(wǎng)）在邏輯上搭配，且與lovely的感情色彩一致，因此選A。句意：有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又脆弱又可愛。

3.單選題

Ifonlythecommittee（

）theregulationandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.

問題1選項

A.approve

B.willapprove

C.canapprove

D.wouldapprove

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。ifonly表示“要是……就好了”，此處是對將來的虛擬，因此謂語動詞用would/should/could/+動詞原形，選D。句意：如果委員會能批準這項條例并盡快付諸實施就好了。

4.單選題

Thewastepipeisblocked;try（

）itoutwithhotwater,orjustcalltheplumbertodoit.

問題1選項

A.blushing

B.crushing

C.brushing

D.flushing

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項blush“臉紅”；B選項crush“壓破，壓碎”；C選項brush“（用刷子）刷凈，刷亮”；D選項flush“發(fā)紅，臉紅，（用水）沖洗”。根據(jù)句意可知此處指用熱水沖洗，因此選D。句意：排污管被堵住了，試試用熱水沖洗，或者叫水管工來做。

5.單選題

Shewasso（

）inherjobthatshedidn'thearanybodyknockingatthedoor.

問題1選項

A.attracted

B.absorbed

C.drawn

D.concentrated

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項常用于beattractedby（被……吸引），指客觀上吸引人的注意力；B選項常用于beabsorbedinsth.（被……吸引住，專注于），absorb表示“吸引（注意力，精力等）”；C選項常用于bedrawnto（被吸引到……上來）；D選項concentrate“集中精神，全神貫注”，常與on或upon連用。由“shedidn'thearanybodyknockingatthedoor（她沒聽見有人敲門）”可知B選項符合語境。句意：她全神貫注于她的工作以至于她沒有聽見敲門聲。

6.單選題

Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.SetonthesouthwesternedgeofIceland,thevolcaniclandscapeiswhippedbytheNorthAtlanticwinds,whichhusheverythingaroundthem.Asculptureattheentrancetothevillagedepictsanakedmanfacingawallofseawatertwicehisheight.Thereisnomovietheater,andmanyresidentsneverventuretothecapital,a50-minutedriveaway.

ButSandgerdimightbetheperfectplacetoraisegirlswhohavemathematicaltalent.Governmentresearcherstwoyearsagotestedalmostevery15-year-oldinIcelandforitandfoundthatboystrailedfarbehindgirls.Thatfactwasuniqueamongthe41countriesthatparticipatedinthestandardizedtestforthatagegroupdesignedbytheOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.ButwhileIceland’sgirlswerealoneintheworldintheirsignificantleadinmath,theirnationaladvantageof15pointswassmallcomparedwiththeonetheyhadoverboysinfishingvillageslikeSandgerdi,whereitwascloserto30.

TheteachersofSandgerdi’s254studentswereonlymildlysurprisedbytheresults.Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.Boysthinkofschoolassufferingsonthewaytoafutureoffindingrichesatsea;forgirls,it’stheirticketoutoftown.MargretIngporsdottirandHannaMariaHeidarsdottir,both15,studentsatSandgerdi'sgleamingschool—whichhasasciencelaboratory,acomputerroomandawell-stockedlibrary—havenodoubtthattheyareheadedforuniversity.“IthinkIwillbeapharmacist,”saysHeidarsdottir.TheteenssatinprincipalGudjonKristjansson’sofficelastweek,waitingforaridetothenearbytownofKevlavik,wheretheywerecompetinginWestIceland’syearlymathcontest,oneofmanythroughoutIcelandinwhichgirlsexcel.

Meanwhile,bytheharbor,GisliTorHauksson,14,alreadyhasbigplansthatdon’trequirespendinghisafternoonstoilingovergeometry.“I’llbeafisherman,”hesays,justlikemostofhisancestors.Hisfatherrecentlyreturnedhomefrom60daysatseaoffthecoastofNorway.“Hecamebackwith1.1millionkrona,”about$18,000，saysHauksson.Asforschool,hesays，“itdestroysthebrain.”Heintendstoquitat16,theearliestageatwhichhecandosolegally“Aboyseeshisolderbrotherwhohasbeenatseaforonlytwoyearsandhasabettercarandabiggerhousethantheheadmaster,”saysKristjansson.

ButthestoryoffemaleachievementinIcelanddoesn'tnecessarilyhaveahappyending.Educatorshavefoundthatwhengirlsleavetheirruralenclavestoattenduniversitiesinthenation’scities,theirscienceadvantagegenerallyshrinks.While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.InamathclassataReykjavikschool,AsgeirGurdmundsson,17,saysthatalthoughgirlswereconsistentlybrighterthanboysatschool,“theyjustseemtoleavethetechnicaljobstous.”SaysSoirunGensdottir,thedirectorofeducationattheMinistryofEducation,ScienceandCulture:“Wehavetofindawaytostopgirlsfromdroppingoutofsciences.”

Teachersacrossthecountryhavebeguntoexperimentwithwaystoraiseboystothelevelofgirlsinelementaryandsecondaryeducation.ThehighschoolinKevlawiktriedanexperimentin2002and2003,separating16-to-20-year-oldsbygenderfortwoyears.Thattimetheboysslippedevenfurtherbehind.“Theboyssaidthegirlswerebetteranyway,”saysKrlstjanAsmundsson,whotaughtthe25boys.“Theydidn’teventry.”

1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSandgerdi?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhygirlsdobetterthanboysinmathatSandgerdiismostprobablythefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

3.Thefifthparagraphsuggeststhatinthefieldofscience

（

）.

4.Girlsflinchbackinthecompetitionwithboysmostprobablybecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項

A.desolate

B.poor

C.bustling

D.thriving

問題2選項

A.boysandgirlssharedifferentincentivesinmathlearning

B.thegirlsaremoreanxiousabouttheirfuturecareer

C.theboysconsiderthatfishingdoesn’tnecessarilyneedmath

D.theboysspendmoretimeontheirparttimejobs

問題3選項

A.womenhaveadvantagesovermenincompetition

B.womentendtobeinalessembarrassinglevel

C.menareplyingmoreimportantroles

D.Menareonethirdlessthanwomeninnumber

問題4選項

A.theyareshortofconfidenceinthemselves

B.employersoftenpreferboystotaketechnicaljobs

C.theyhavepoorerperformanceintechnicaljobs

D.theyarewillingtoleavetechnicaljobstoboys

問題5選項

A.AVillageInIceland

B.ALandWhereGirlsRuleinMath

C.BoysClevererThanGirls?

D.ScienceStudentsinSandgerdi

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。A選項desolate“荒涼的”；B選項poor“貧窮的”；C選項bustling“繁忙的”；D選項thriving“繁榮的”。由文章第一段中的Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.（這個有1480人的漁村是一個荒涼而孤獨的地方）可知Sandgerdi是一個荒涼的地方，因此選A。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.（他們說性別差距不是來自資質(zhì)的差別，而是學(xué)習(xí)動力的差別）可知D選項“男孩們把更多的時間花在兼職上”符合題意，A、B、C選項都與“學(xué)習(xí)動力”有關(guān)。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.（盡管61%的大學(xué)生是女性，但她們只占冰島理科學(xué)生的三分之一。當(dāng)他們進入勞動力市場時，許多人被男性所取代，他們成為醫(yī)生、工程師和計算機技術(shù)人員）可知C選項“男人扮演著更重要的角色”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.（教育家們說，他們看到許多聰明的女孩在面對真實的、面對面的與男孩的競爭時突然退縮）可知A選項“她們對自己缺乏信心”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了在冰島上的Sandgerdi由于男女學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的動機不一樣，女生在數(shù)學(xué)成績上男生優(yōu)秀，因此B選項“女生在數(shù)學(xué)上占統(tǒng)治地位的地方”符合題意。

7.單選題

IdecidetogotothecinemaassoonasI（

）.

問題1選項

A.finishwhatIdid

B.wouldfinishwhatIwasdoing

C.finishedwhatIdid

D.finishedwhatIwasdoing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)?！癮ssoonas”引導(dǎo)的為時間狀語從句，由主句的謂語動詞decide可知主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，根據(jù)主從句時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，即主句用現(xiàn)在時，從句也用現(xiàn)在時，因此選A。句意：我決定一完成我所做的事情就去看電影。

8.單選題

Thescientisthasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,（

）isofgreatimportancetoscience.

問題1選項

A.whichIthink

B.whichIthinkit

C.ofwhichIthink

D.Ithinkwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。which指代先行詞discovery，在從句中作主語，Ithink作插入語時，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)放在其前面，因此選A。句意：這位科學(xué)家又有了一個了不起的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我認為這個發(fā)現(xiàn)這對科學(xué)很重要。

9.單選題

Newspapersandmagazinescarryextensive（

）ofdietandhealthtopics,anddietbooksareamongthebestsellers.

問題1選項

A.sketch

B.concern

C.coverage

D.involvement

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項sketch“素描，速寫，草圖”；B選項concern“擔(dān)心，憂慮，關(guān)心”；C選項coverage“新聞報道，（書、課程學(xué)習(xí)、電視等的）信息范圍，覆蓋范圍”；D選項involvement“參與，加入”。由主語Newspapersandmagazines（報紙和雜志）可知C選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：報紙和雜志對飲食和健康話題進行了廣泛的新聞報道，減肥書籍是最暢銷書之一。

10.單選題

Ifthebuildingproject（

）bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.

問題1選項

A.beingcompleted

B.iscompleted

C.tobecompleted

D.completed

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。從句中已有謂語動詞isdelayed，空格處為非謂語動詞，排除B選項。A選項beingcompleted表示正在進行的被動；C選項tobecompleted表示將來的被動；D選項completed表示一般被動。根據(jù)bytheendofthismonth（到本月底）可知此處是對將來的假設(shè)，因此選C。句意：如果這個建筑工程在本月底之前竣工的計劃被推遲，該建筑公司將被罰款。

11.單選題

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasastunningreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeraninstinctiveresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoralsoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen'tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?“Theuseofterrorismasatacticisbaseduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisdisproportionatewiththeactualthreat.”saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolentbecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson,”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed,buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.

Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquity（無處不在）ofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.”

PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,”saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.

“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheading（斬首）canhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1.000oftheenemy,”HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization.”

1.Whathaschangedtherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?

2.Thegoalofpsychologicalwarfareisto（

）.

3.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitselfbecause

（

）.

4.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat

（

）.

5.Inthispassagetheauthor（

）.

問題1選項

A.Terroristattacks.

B.Theincreaseofmilitaryconflicts.

C.Advancesinnuclearweapons.

D.Prosperityofthemedia.

問題2選項

A.changetheideologyoftheopponent

B.winabattlewithoutmilitaryattacks

C.generateagreatersenseoffear

D.bringaboutmorephysicaldamage

問題3選項

A.psychologicalterrorismisatactic

B.terrorismdependsonaclimateoffearratherthanontheactualthreat

C.theuseofterrorismistoinspirefearthatismoredestructivethantheactualthreat

D.publicizingtheviolencecanmakemorepeopleknowtheactualthreat

問題4選項

A.meansdetermineseffects

B.hostagecrisesareprevalent

C.psychologicalterrorsremainharmless

D.theAmericanmediaiseffective

問題5選項

A.emphasizesthegreatimpactofpsychologicalwarfare

B.criticizestheviolenceofterrorism

C.callsforanendtopsychologicalwarfare

D.opposesthehostagecrisis

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.（但由于科技的進步、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及和新聞報道的擴散，這種心理戰(zhàn)的交戰(zhàn)規(guī)則已經(jīng)改變）可知D選項“媒體的繁榮”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.（相反，這些攻擊的目的是灌輸一種比實際威脅本身更大的恐懼感）可知C選項“產(chǎn)生更大的恐懼感”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第五段中的Theuseofterrorismasatacticisbaseduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisdisproportionatewiththeactualthreat.（將恐怖主義作為一種戰(zhàn)術(shù)是基于制造一種與實際威脅不相稱的恐懼氣氛）可知C選項“使用恐怖主義是為了激起比實際威脅更具破壞性的恐懼”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第六段中的Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.（關(guān)鍵不是你做了什么，而是它的報道方式?jīng)Q定了效果）可知A選項“手段決定效果”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章首段提出恐怖活動；第二段引出心理戰(zhàn)；第三至六段介紹了心理戰(zhàn)帶來的影響比實際威脅更大；第五段介紹了伊朗人質(zhì)危機給美國人帶來的心理創(chuàng)傷；第六段介紹了恐怖分子隨機性和普遍性給人心理上產(chǎn)出更大的威脅；第七段介紹了恐怖組織利用心理戰(zhàn)作戰(zhàn)；最后一段引用Haroun的話，再次強調(diào)心理戰(zhàn)帶來的影響。因此A選項“強調(diào)心理戰(zhàn)的巨大影響”符合題意。

12.單選題

Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped（

）atdifferentvillages.

問題1選項

A.constantly

B.continually

C.continuously

D.gradually

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項constantly“不斷地，時常地”，側(cè)重于事件發(fā)生的穩(wěn)定性和持續(xù)性以及經(jīng)久不變的狀態(tài)；B選項continually“不停地，持續(xù)地，頻繁地”，側(cè)重于一段時間內(nèi)多次發(fā)生、時斷時續(xù)或中斷時間很短而又接連發(fā)生的狀態(tài)；C選項continuously“連續(xù)不斷地”，側(cè)重在時間、物質(zhì)或廣度上沒有間斷的；D選項gradually“逐步地，漸漸地”。由“我們的行程很慢，因為火車_____在不同的村中?？俊笨芍@種?？渴窃凇拔覀兊男谐讨小卑l(fā)生的，是在一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的，因此B選項符合語境。句意：我們的行程很慢，因為火車頻繁地在不同的村中停靠。

13.單選題

Hecomplicatedwiththerequirementthatallgraduatestudentsineducation（

）athesis.

問題1選項

A.write

B.writing

C.towrite

D.bewriting

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在英語中，表示“命令、建議、愿望、要求”等的詞（不管是動詞、名詞、形容詞）之后的從句用should+動詞原詞，而且should可以省略。句中的requirement表示“要求”，其后是由that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，因此選A。句意：他把教育中所有研究生都要寫論文的要求復(fù)雜化了。

14.單選題

Theforemanreadthe（

）ofguiltyfourteentimes,oneforeachdefendant.

問題1選項

A.prejudice

B.verification

C.verdict

D.punishment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項prejudice“偏見，成見”；B選項verification“檢驗，檢查，審核”；C選項verdict“（陪審團的）裁定，裁決，（經(jīng)過檢驗或認真考慮后的）決定，結(jié)論”；D選項punishment“刑罰，懲罰”。由句中的guilty（有罪的）和defendant（被告）可知選C。句意：陪審團主席宣讀了14遍有罪判決書，每個被告一份。

15.單選題

I（

）youthatthegoodswillbedeliverednextweek.

問題1選項

A.ensure

B.assure

C.confirm

D.insist

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項ensure“確保，保證”，指確保某事會發(fā)生，賓語一般接物，而不是人；B選項assure“使確信，向……保證”，其后賓語一搬接人；C選項confirm“（尤指提供證據(jù)來）證實，證明，確認”；D選項insist“堅決要求，堅持”。由賓語you可知選B。句意：我向你保證，這批貨將于下周交貨。

16.單選題

Asuitcasewithshirts,trousers,andshoes（

）stolenfromthecar.

問題1選項

A.havebeen

B.hasbeen

C.are

D.was

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)與主謂一致。本句的主語asuitcase為單數(shù)，withshirts,trousers,andshoes作句子的伴隨狀語，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，排除A、C選項，此處表示被動且沒有完成時態(tài)標志詞，因此選D。句意：一個裝有襯衫、褲子和鞋子的手提箱在車上被偷了。

17.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Physics,aswellaspuremathematics,hassuppliedmaterialforthephilosophyoflogicalanalysis.Thishasoccurredespeciallythroughthetheoryofrelativityandquantummechanics（量子力學(xué)）.Whatisimportanttothephilosopherinthetheoryofrelativityisthesubstitutionofspace-timeforspaceandtime.Commonsensethinksofthephysicalworldascomposedof“things”whichpersistthroughacertainperiodoftimeandmoveinspace.Philosophyandphysicsdevelopedthenotionof“thing”intothatof“materialsubstance,”andthoughtofmaterialsubstanceasconsistingofparticles,eachverysmall,andeachpersistingthroughoutalltime.Einsteinsubstitutedevents（事素）forparticles;eacheventhadtoeachotherarelationcalled“interval,”whichcouldbeanalyzedinvariouswaysintoatimeelementandaspace-element.Thechoicebetweenthesevariouswayswasarbitrary（任意的）,andnooneofthemwastheoreticallypreferabletoanyother.

【答案】物理學(xué)和純數(shù)學(xué)為邏輯分析哲學(xué)提供了材料。這一點尤其是通過相對論和量子力學(xué)體現(xiàn)出來。在相對論中，對哲學(xué)家來說，重要的是用時空代替時間和空間。常識認為物質(zhì)世界是由“東西”組成的，這些“東西”在一定時間內(nèi)持續(xù)存在，并在空間中運動。哲學(xué)和物理學(xué)把“東西”的概念發(fā)展成“物質(zhì)實體”的概念，并把物質(zhì)實體看作是由粒子組成的，每個粒子都很小，而且每個粒子始終存在。愛因斯坦用事素代替粒子；每個事素與其他事素之間都有一種叫作“間隔”的關(guān)系，可以用不同的方式把這種關(guān)系分析成一個時間元素和一個空間元素。在這些不同的方法之間的選擇是任意的，理論上沒有哪一種方法比任何其他方法更可取。

18.單選題

Thisnewlyestablishedinstitutionhastofaceawholerangeofcrimesand（

）.

問題1選項

A.femininity

B.prescriptions

C.delinquencies

D.authenticity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項femininity“女性氣質(zhì)”；B選項prescription“處方，藥方”；C選項delinquency“不法行為，違法行為”；D選項authenticity“真實性，確實性”。由and可知空格處與crimes（罪行，犯罪）具有同樣的感情色彩，因此選C。句意：這個新成立的機構(gòu)必須面對一系列的罪行和違法行為。

19.單選題

Somewomen（

）agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.

問題1選項

A.mustmake

B.wouldmake

C.shouldhavemade

D.couldhavemade

【答案】D

【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。mustdo表示對現(xiàn)在的肯定的推測；woulddo表對將來的推測；shouldhavedone表示過去本應(yīng)該做某事卻未做，表達一種責(zé)備或內(nèi)疚的語氣；couldhavedone表示過去本能夠做某事卻未做，表示對過去事情的假設(shè)。此句是對過去情況的一種推測，因此選D。句意：有些女性本可以在工作中掙到高薪，而不是呆在家里，但她們決定為了家庭而不去工作。

20.單選題

Outputisnowsixtimes（

）itwasbeforeliberation.

問題1選項

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.asmuch

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句。句子主語為output，謂語為is，sixtimes后面的內(nèi)容是整個句子的賓語從句，從句缺少表語，既能引導(dǎo)賓語從句又能在從句中做成分的為what。句意：現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是解放前產(chǎn)量的六倍。

21.單選題

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping（

）togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

問題1選項

A.occasionally

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項occasionally“偶爾地，偶然”；B選項simultaneously“同時地”；C選項eventually“最后，終于”；D選項promptly“迅速地，立即”。根據(jù)togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth（來捋一下她又長又飄逸的頭發(fā)）及句意可知A選項符合邏輯，表示捋頭發(fā)這個動作偶爾做。句意：在打字時，海倫有一個習(xí)慣，偶爾停下來捋一下她又長又飄逸的頭發(fā)。

22.單選題

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn’tbebadeither,butthatwon’thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?AllreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeatingandexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat—orevenonlysomewhatoverweight—isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingover-weightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,manyhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem—toomuchfatandalackoffiber—thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,anoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat（

）.

2.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistory,people’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.Theauthorcriticizeswomen’sobsessionwiththinness

（

）.

5.What’stheauthor’sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

問題1選項

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue

B.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune

C.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous

問題2選項

A.hadtogoonadietforthegreaterpartofherlife

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack

C.hadtoseekhelpfromrichdistantrelatives

D.hadtowearhighlyfashionableclothes

問題3選項

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards

問題4選項

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples

問題5選項

A.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.（這句常被認為是溫莎公爵夫人的名言，體現(xiàn)了我們這個時代許多古怪的精神，瘦被認為是一種美德）可知C選項“瘦被認為是一種非常理想的品質(zhì)”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.（我自己也幻想著穿上狹窄的名牌衣服。因此，為了我的生活中更好的或更差的一方面，我也節(jié)食）可知A選項“為了生活中更好的部分不得不節(jié)食”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的可知在溫莎伯爵夫人的那個時代是以瘦為美；由第三段中的最后一句可知，在某些宗教團體中，以胖為財富；由第四段中的第一二句可知，如今人們又以瘦為美。因此人們在不同的年代，對體重的看法不同，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.（我們對瘦的癡迷也源于對健康的擔(dān)憂）中的also可知這是從醫(yī)學(xué)角度上來講的，另一角度是前面第四段提到的當(dāng)今社會以瘦為美，這是從社會角度來講的，因此B選項“從社會學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)的角度”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.（實際上，如果那些變瘦（或已經(jīng)變瘦）的人認為自己天生健康，因而不必關(guān)注自己的整體生活方式，這是很危險的）可知A選項“他們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式”符合題意。

23.單選題

（

）theway,wesetoffonfootintothedarknight.

問題1選項

A.Theguideled

B.Withtheguideleading

C.Withtheguidetolead

D.Withtheguidelead

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞的不定式表示將來或目的，過去分詞表示被動，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動。句中的guide（導(dǎo)游）與lead（帶領(lǐng)）之間表示主動關(guān)系，因此選B。句意：在導(dǎo)游的帶領(lǐng)下，我們在黑夜里步行出發(fā)了。

24.單選題

Thegloveswerereallytoosmall,anditwasonlyby（

）themthatIcangetthemon.

問題1選項

A.stretching

B.spreading

C.extending

D.squeezing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項stretch“拉長，撐大，伸展”，指由曲變直、由短變長的伸展，不是加長，側(cè)重“形狀的變化”.；B選項spread“伸開”，指建筑，道路和時間等的延伸；C選項extend“延伸”，指在空間或時間上延伸，一般有一個大致的延伸方向；D選項squeeze“擠壓”。根據(jù)gloves（手套）可知此處表示手套太小了，只有把它們撐大才能戴上，因此選A。句意：手套真的太小了，只有把它們伸展開來，我才能戴上。

25.單選題

Tom（

）betterthantoaskDickforhelp.

問題1選項

A.shallknow

B.hasknown

C.shouldn’tknow

D.shouldhaveknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。shouldhavedone表示“本該做某事而實際未做”，knowbetterthantodosth.表示“明白事理而不至于……”。句意：Tom本應(yīng)知道不該請Dick幫忙。

26.單選題

Speakingtwolanguagesratherthanjustonehasobviouspracticalbenefitsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Butinrecentyears,scientistshavebeguntoshowthattheadvantagesofbilingualismareevenmorefundamentalthanbeingabletoconversewithawiderrangeofpeople.Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementia（癡呆）inoldage.

Thisviewofbilingualismisremarkablydifferentfromtheunderstandingofbilingualismthroughmuchofthe20thcentury.Researchers,educatorsandpolicymakerslongconsideredasecondlanguagetobeaninterference,cognitivelyspeaking,thathinderedachild’sacademicandintellectualdevelopment.

Theywerenotwrongabouttheinterference:thereisampleevidencethatinabilingual’sbrainbothlanguagesystemsareactiveevenwhenheisusingonlyonelanguage,thuscreatingsituationsinwhichonesystemobstructs（癡呆）theother.Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.

Thecollectiveevidencefromanumberofsuchstudiessuggeststhatthebilingualexperienceimprovesthebrain’sso-calledexecutivefunction.Acommandsystemdirectstheattentionprocessesthatweuseforplanning,solvingproblemsandperformingvariousothermentallydemandingtasks.Theseprocessesincludeignoringdistractionstostayfocused,switchingattentionwillfullyfromonethingtoanotherandholdinginformationinmind—likerememberingasequenceofdirectionswhiledriving.

Whydoesthetussle（搏斗）betweentwosimultaneouslyactivelanguagesystemsimprovetheseaspectsofcognition?Untilrecently,researchersthoughtthebilingualadvantagestemmedprimarilyfromanabilityforinhibitionthatwashoned（磨煉）bythee