住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-燕山大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

The______ofConfuciusbuiltthetempleinmemoryoftheirancestor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.descendants

B.predecessors

C.correspondents

D.opponents

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)descendants“后代，晚輩”；B選項(xiàng)predecessors“前任；前一代”；C選項(xiàng)correspondents“通訊員”；D選項(xiàng)opponents“對(duì)手”。句意：孔子的______建造這座廟來(lái)紀(jì)念他們的祖先。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，在這里孔子的后代紀(jì)念孔子比較合理，A選項(xiàng)descendants“后代，晚輩”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

ShecanspeakFrenchandGerman,to______nothingofEnglish.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.say

B.speak

C.talk

D.tell

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)saynothingof“更不用說(shuō)”；其余選項(xiàng)非固定搭配。句意：她會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)和德語(yǔ)，英語(yǔ)就______。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Theband______andwerebeginningtothrowtheirinstrumentdown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokedown

B.brokeoff

C.brokerank

D.brokeout

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)brokedown“（關(guān)系的）破裂”；B選項(xiàng)brokeoff“（折斷）脫落；突然停止”；C選項(xiàng)brokerank“打破等級(jí)”；D選項(xiàng)brokeout“爆發(fā)”。句意：樂(lè)隊(duì)鬧翻解體，開(kāi)始扔掉樂(lè)器。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，樂(lè)隊(duì)中的成員扔掉樂(lè)器，停止彈奏音樂(lè)，是因?yàn)槌蓡T之間關(guān)系破裂，A選項(xiàng)brokedown“（關(guān)系的）破裂”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Theageofgildedyouth(紈绔子弟)isover.Today’sunder-thirtiesarethefirstgenerationforacenturywhocanexpectalowerlivingstandardthantheirparents.Researchintothelifestylesandprospectsofpeoplewhowerebornsince1970showsthattheyarelikelytofacealifetimeoflongerworkinghours,lowerjobsecurityandhighertaxesthanthepreviousgeneration.Whentheyleaveworklateintheevening,theywillbemorelikelytoreturntoasmallrentedflatthantoahouseoftheirown.When,eventually,theyretire,theirpensionsarefarlowerinrealtermsthanthoseoftheirimmediateforebears.

ThesefindingsarerevealedinastudyofthewayhowtheageingofBritain’spopulationisaffectingdifferentgenerations.AntheaTinker,professorofsocialgerontologyatKing’sCollegeLondon,whocarriedoutmuchofthework,saidthegrowthoftheproportionofpeopleover50hadreversedthetraditionalflowofwealthfromoldertoyoungergenerations.“Today’soldermiddle-agedandelderlyarebecomingthenewwinners.”shesaid,“Theymaderelativelysmallcontributionsintaxbutnowmakerelativelybigclaimsonthewelfaresystem.Generationsborninthelastthreetofourdecadesfacetheprospectofhandingovermorethanathirdoftheirlifetime’searningstocareforthem.”

Thesurgingnumberofolderpeople,manylivingalone,hasalsoincreaseddemandforpropertyandpusheduphouseprices.Whilepreviousgenerationsfounditeasytoraiseamortgage,today’sunder-thirtieshavetolivewiththeirparentsorrent.Iftheycanaffordtobuyahome,itismorelikelytobeaflatthanahouse.LauraLenox-Conyngham,28,grewupinalargehouseandhermotherdidnotneedtowork.Unlikeherwealthyparents,shegraduatedwithstudentandpostgraduateloandebtsof￡13,000.Shenowearnsabout￡20,000ayear,preparingfoodtobephotographedformagazines.Herhomeisaone-bedroomflatincentralLondonandshesubletsthelungesofa-bedtoherbrother.“Myfathertookpityandpaidoffmystudentdebts.”shesaid,“ButIstillhavenopensionandnochanceofbuyingapropertyforatleastacoupleofyears-andthenitwillbesomethingsmallinabadarea.Myonlyhopeisthetraditionaloneofmeetingarichman.”Tinker’sresearchrevealsLenox-Conynghamisrepresentativeofmanyyoungprofessionals,especiallyinLondon,Manchester,EdinburghandBristol.

1.Bysaying“thegrowthoftheproportion…toyoungergenerations”(Para.2),AntheaTinkerreallymeansthat________.

2.Whyaretoday’soldermiddle-agedandelderlybecomingthenewwinners?

3.Whichfactorpushedhouseprices?

4.InwhatwaydoesLauraLenox-Conynghammakeherliving?

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.currentlywealthflowsfromoldgenerationtoyoungergeneration

B.traditionallywealthflowsfromyoungergenerationtooldgeneration

C.withtheincreasinglybigpopulationofover50,thetrendarisesthatwealthflowsfromyoungergenerationtooldgeneration

D.withmoreandmorepeopleofover50,traditionshavebeenreversed

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheycontributedasmallportioninlaxbutenjoymoreonthewelfaresystem.

B.Becausetheycontributedalotintaxandnowcanclaimmuchonthewelfaresystem.

C.Becausetheymadesmallcontributions,butnowcanmakemoneyeasily.

D.Becausetheyoutnumberyoungergenerationandenjoymoreprivilegesinthepresentsociety.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Manyyoungmen,wholivealone,haveincreaseddemandforhouses.

B.Manyyoungmenneedtorentmorehouses.

C.Itiseasytoapplyforamortgagetoryounggeneration.

D.Thenumberofolderpeople,manyofwhomlivealone,becomesbiggerandbigger.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bytakingphotographsformagazines.

B.Bymarringarichman.

C.Bysublettingtheloungesofa-bedtoherbrother.

D.Bypreparingfoodforphotographsforsomemagazines.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Today’sunder-thirtiesareleadingamiserablelifeinBritain

B.LauraLenox-Conyngham’sattitudetoworkandliferepresentsthatofmanyyoungprofessionalsinBritain

C.Lifecangetharderforunder-thirtiesinBritain

D.EldersenjoyextremelyhighlivingstandardsinBritain

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句AntheaTinker…saidthegrowthoftheproportionofpeopleover50hadreversedthetraditionalflowofwealthfromoldertoyoungergenerations.（AntheaTinker表示，50歲以上人口比例的增長(zhǎng)逆轉(zhuǎn)了財(cái)富從老一輩流向年輕一代的傳統(tǒng)趨勢(shì)。），可知因?yàn)?0歲以上人口比例的增長(zhǎng)，財(cái)富從老一輩流向年輕一代的傳統(tǒng)趨勢(shì)被逆轉(zhuǎn)。結(jié)合第一段第三句Researchintothelifestylesandprospectsofpeoplewhowerebornsince1970showsthattheyarelikelytofacealifetimeoflongerworkinghours,lowerjobsecurityandhighertaxesthanthepreviousgeneration.（對(duì)1970年以后出生的人的生活方式和前景的研究表明，與上一代人相比，他們可能終生面臨更長(zhǎng)的工作時(shí)間、更低的工作保障和更高的稅收。）和第二段第一句ThesefindingsarerevealedinastudyofthewayhowtheageingofBritain’spopulationisaffectingdifferentgenerations.（一項(xiàng)關(guān)于英國(guó)人口老齡化如何影響不同世代的研究揭示了這些發(fā)現(xiàn)。），可知AntheaTinker的研究對(duì)老一代和年輕一代的財(cái)富進(jìn)行對(duì)比，是為了證明人口老齡化讓財(cái)富從年輕一代流向老一代，C選項(xiàng)“隨著50歲以上的人口越來(lái)越多，出現(xiàn)了財(cái)富從年輕一代流向老一代的趨勢(shì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“目前財(cái)富從老一代流向年輕一代”和B選項(xiàng)“在傳統(tǒng)上財(cái)富從年輕一代流向老一代”：和文中觀點(diǎn)相反，屬于反向干擾。D選項(xiàng)“隨著50歲以上的人口越來(lái)越多，傳統(tǒng)被顛覆了”：文中的重點(diǎn)是人口老齡化對(duì)財(cái)富趨勢(shì)的影響，而不是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的改變，屬于曲解原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句“Today’soldermiddle-agedandelderlyarebecomingthenewwinners.”shesaid,“Theymaderelativelysmallcontributionsintaxbutnowmakerelativelybigclaimsonthewelfaresystem.”（“如今的中老年人口正在成為新的贏家?！彼f(shuō)，“他們繳納的稅款相對(duì)較少，但現(xiàn)在對(duì)福利制度的要求相對(duì)較高。”），可知A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄冐暙I(xiàn)得少，但在福利制度上享受更多”正確。B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兝U納了很多稅收，現(xiàn)在可以要求更多的福利制度”：他們沒(méi)有繳納很多稅款，屬于反向干擾。C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄冐暙I(xiàn)得少，但現(xiàn)在可以很容易地賺錢(qián)”和D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)跀?shù)量上超過(guò)了年輕一代，在當(dāng)今社會(huì)享有更多的特權(quán)”：文中沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Thesurgingnumberofolderpeople,manylivingalone,hasalsoincreaseddemandforpropertyandpusheduphouseprices.（老年人數(shù)量的激增，其中許多人獨(dú)自生活，也增加了對(duì)房產(chǎn)的需求，推高了房?jī)r(jià)。），可知D選項(xiàng)“老年人的數(shù)量越來(lái)越多，其中許多人獨(dú)自生活”正確。A選項(xiàng)“許多獨(dú)自生活的年輕人對(duì)房子的需求增加了”和B選項(xiàng)“許多年輕人需要租更多的房子”：文中說(shuō)的是老年人而非年輕人對(duì)房子的需求增加，屬于曲解原文。C選項(xiàng)“年輕人很容易申請(qǐng)抵押貸款”：根據(jù)第三段第二句previousgenerationsfounditeasytoraiseamortgage（前幾代人很容易就能拿到抵押貸款），可知是前幾代人而非現(xiàn)在的年輕人很容易申請(qǐng)抵押貸款，與題干中房?jī)r(jià)上漲的內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)，屬于曲解原文和出處錯(cuò)位。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第六句Shenowearnsabout￡20,000ayear,preparingfoodtobephotographedformagazines.（她現(xiàn)在一年能掙2萬(wàn)英鎊，以為雜志拍照為生。），可知A選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)為雜志拍照”正確，D選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)為一些雜志拍攝照片而準(zhǔn)備食物”不符合原文意思，屬于曲解原文。B選項(xiàng)“嫁給一個(gè)有錢(qián)人”：根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Myonlyhopeisthetraditionaloneofmeetingarichman.（按照傳統(tǒng)，我唯一的希望就是遇到一個(gè)有錢(qián)人。），這里指的是她的想法而非謀生方式，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。C選項(xiàng)“把沙發(fā)床轉(zhuǎn)租給她哥哥”：根據(jù)第三段第七句shesubletsthelungesofa-bedtoherbrother（她把沙發(fā)床轉(zhuǎn)租給了她的弟弟），這是她做過(guò)的事情，但并不以此為生，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章在第一段第二句提出Today’sunder-thirtiesarethefirstgenerationforacenturywhocanexpectalowerlivingstandardthantheirparents.（如今30歲以下的人是一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)第一代生活水平低于他們父母的人。），隨后通過(guò)研究和具體的例子來(lái)證明這一點(diǎn)，C選項(xiàng)“在英國(guó)，30歲以下的人的生活可能會(huì)變得更加艱難”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在如今的英國(guó)，30歲以下的人過(guò)著悲慘的生活”：文中表示30歲以下的人處境更難，但沒(méi)有到很悲慘的地步，屬于曲解原文。B選項(xiàng)“LauraLenox-Conyngham對(duì)工作和生活的態(tài)度代表了英國(guó)許多年輕專業(yè)人士的態(tài)度”：根據(jù)文章最后一句Tinker’sresearchrevealsLenox-Conynghamisrepresentativeofmanyyoungprofessionals（Tinker的研究表明Lenox-Conyngham是許多年輕專業(yè)人士的代表），文中沒(méi)有表明她對(duì)工作和生活的態(tài)度如同其他年輕專業(yè)人士，屬于曲解原文。D選項(xiàng)“在英國(guó)，老年人享有極高的生活水平”：文中提到老年人納稅較少，但享受的福利力度較大，但不等于生活水平極高，屬于曲解原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Assoonas1completemytraininghere,Iamgoingtobea______expert.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rod

B.volume

C.sphere

D.missile

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rod“長(zhǎng)桿；長(zhǎng)棒”；B選項(xiàng)volume“體積；合訂本”；C選項(xiàng)sphere“（活動(dòng)、興趣的）領(lǐng)域；球體”；D選項(xiàng)missile“導(dǎo)彈；（作為武器的）投擲物”。句意：一旦我完成在這里的訓(xùn)練，我將成為一名______專家。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是成為某一個(gè)特定領(lǐng)域的專家，D選項(xiàng)missile“導(dǎo)彈；（作為武器的）投擲物”符合題意，意思是導(dǎo)彈專家。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thegreatestcontributiontocivilizationinthecenturymaywellbetheair-conditioning—andAmericanleadsjustasamazingisthespeedwithwhichthissituationcametobe.Air-conditioningbegantospreadinindustriesasaproductionaidduringWorldWarⅡ.TodaymostAmericansneedtotakeair-conditioningforgrantedtohomes,offices,factories,theatres,shops,studios,schools,hotels,andrestaurants.

ButnoteverybodyisawarethathighcostandeasycomfortaremerelytwooftheeffectsofthevastcoolingofAmerican.Infact,airconditioninghassubstantiallyalteredthecountry’scharacterandcustoms.

Manyofthebyproductsaresoconspicuousthattheyarescarcelynoticed.Tobeginwith,air-conditioningtransformedthefaceofAmericabymakingpossiblethoseglassy,boxy,sealed-inskyscrapers.Ithasbeenindispensable,noless,tothefunctioningofsensitiveadvancedcomputers,whosehighoperatingtemperaturesrequirethattheybeconstantlycooled.

Ithas,atwill,forcedfamiliesintoretreatingintofamilieswithcloseddoorsandshutwindows,reducingtheinteractionsofneighborhoodlife.Itisreallysurprisingthatthepublic’softennotedwithdrawalintoself-pursuitandprivacyhascoincidedwiththehistoricspreadofair-conditioning.Thoughsciencehaslittlestudiedhowhabitualair-conditioningaffectsmindandbody,somemedicalexpertssuggestthat,likeothertechnicalavoidanceofnaturalvariationsinclimate,air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress.Ifso,air-conditioningisonlylikemanyothergreatlyusefultechnicaldevelopmentsthatliberatemanfromnaturebyincreasinghisproductivityandpowerinsomeway—whileindirectlyweakeninghiminothers.

1.Accordingtothisselection,whichofthefollowingconstitutestheuniquecharacterofU.S.?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thechiefconsequencebroughtaboutbythewideapplicationofair-conditioningis________.

3.Thetoneofthisselectionrevealsthatair-conditioning________.

4.Whobenefitstheleastfromair-conditioningaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardsair-conditioning?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itsexcessiveuseofair-conditioning.

B.Itsadvancedcomputerizedcivilization.

C.Itspublic’sretreatingintoself-pursuit.

D.Itsgreatestcontributiontohumancivilization.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thelossofhumancapacitytoadapttochangesinclimate

B.thereductionofsocialcommunicationsofneighborhoodlife

C.theactivelifestyleofallitsusers

D.thedecreasedhumanproductionandpower

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.haslittleeffectonitsusers

B.hasmoreeffectonbodythanonmind

C.bringsmorebenefitsthandamagetoitsusers

D.doesharmaswellasgoodtoitsusers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Factorylaborers.

B.Consumers.

C.Medicalexperts.

D.Manufacturers.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Critical.

B.Compromising.

C.Neutral.

D.Objective.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Infact,airconditioninghassubstantiallyalteredthecountry’scharacterandcustoms.（事實(shí)上，空調(diào)已經(jīng)極大地改變了這個(gè)國(guó)家的性格和習(xí)俗。），可知空調(diào)在很大程度上影響著美國(guó)，A選項(xiàng)“空調(diào)的過(guò)多使用”正確。B選項(xiàng)“先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)文明”：根據(jù)第三段最后一句Ithasbeenindispensable,noless,tothefunctioningofsensitiveadvancedcomputers,whosehighoperatingtemperaturesrequirethattheybeconstantlycooled.（對(duì)于靈敏的高級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)說(shuō)，它是必不可少的，因?yàn)樗鼈兊母吖ぷ鳒囟刃枰粩嗟乩鋮s。），可知這里指的是計(jì)算機(jī)需要空調(diào)，而不是計(jì)算機(jī)影響美國(guó)。C選項(xiàng)“公眾的自我追求”和D選項(xiàng)“它對(duì)人類文明的最大貢獻(xiàn)”：文中沒(méi)有提到公眾的自我追求對(duì)美國(guó)的影響，也沒(méi)有提到美國(guó)對(duì)人類的貢獻(xiàn)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Ithas,atwill,forcedfamiliesintoretreatingintofamilieswithcloseddoorsandshutwindows,reducingtheinteractionsofneighborhoodlife.（它隨意地迫使家庭退回到門(mén)窗緊閉的家庭中，減少了社區(qū)生活的互動(dòng)。），可知空調(diào)減少了人們?cè)谏鐓^(qū)間的交流，B選項(xiàng)“社區(qū)生活中社會(huì)交流的減少”符合文章內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)“人類適應(yīng)氣候變化能力的喪失”：根據(jù)第四段第三句air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress（空調(diào)可能會(huì)降低人類適應(yīng)壓力的能力），可知空調(diào)會(huì)降低人的適應(yīng)力，但不至于到喪失的地步。C選項(xiàng)“所有用戶積極的生活方式”：文中沒(méi)有具體提到空調(diào)讓人的生活方式變得更積極還是消極，這不是文章表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“減少人類生產(chǎn)和力量”：根據(jù)文章最后一句air-conditioning…liberatemanfromnaturebyincreasinghisproductivityandpowerinsomeway（空調(diào)……通過(guò)在某些方面提高人的生產(chǎn)力和力量，把人從自然中解放出來(lái)），可知空調(diào)提高人的生產(chǎn)力和力量。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Ifso,air-conditioning…liberatemanfromnaturebyincreasinghisproductivityandpowerinsomeway—whileindirectlyweakeninghiminothers.（如果是這樣的話，空調(diào)……通過(guò)在某些方面提高人的生產(chǎn)力和力量，把人從自然中解放出來(lái)，而在其他方面間接地削弱了人的能力。），可知空調(diào)有利有弊，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)用戶來(lái)說(shuō)有利有弊”正確；沒(méi)有分別點(diǎn)出利弊的程度有多深，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)用戶來(lái)說(shuō)利大于弊”錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句Thoughsciencehaslittlestudiedhowhabitualair-conditioningaffectsmindandbody,somemedicalexpertssuggestthat…air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress.（盡管科學(xué)上很少研究習(xí)慣性的空調(diào)是如何影響身心的，但一些醫(yī)學(xué)專家認(rèn)為……空調(diào)可能會(huì)降低人類適應(yīng)壓力的能力。），前文也提到空調(diào)減少社區(qū)生活的互動(dòng)，可知空調(diào)對(duì)人的身心都有影響，但沒(méi)有點(diǎn)出對(duì)哪方面的影響更大，A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)其用戶沒(méi)有什么影響”錯(cuò)誤和B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)身體的影響比對(duì)精神的影響大”錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Air-conditioningbegantospreadinindustriesasaproductionaidduringWorldWarⅡ.（在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，空調(diào)作為一種生產(chǎn)援助開(kāi)始在工業(yè)中傳播），制造商可以從中賺錢(qián)，D選項(xiàng)“制造商”錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第一段最后一句TodaymostAmericansneedtotakeair-conditioningforgrantedtohomes,offices,factories,theatres,shops,studios,schools,hotels,andrestaurants.（如今，大多數(shù)美國(guó)人在家庭、辦公室、工廠、劇院、商店、工作室、學(xué)校、酒店和餐館都需要空調(diào)。），工廠工人可以在夏天仍然享受舒服的室溫，A選項(xiàng)“工廠工人”錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第四段第三句somemedicalexpertssuggestthat,likeothertechnicalavoidanceofnaturalvariationsinclimate,air-conditioningmaydamagethehumancapacitytoadapttostress.（但有的醫(yī)學(xué)專家認(rèn)為，就像其他躲避氣候自然變化的技術(shù)一樣，空調(diào)可能會(huì)損害人類適應(yīng)壓力的能力。），醫(yī)學(xué)專家可以以空調(diào)帶給人的影響做研究，C選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)學(xué)專家”錯(cuò)誤。縱觀全文，作者點(diǎn)出空調(diào)帶給用空調(diào)的人的各種壞處，比如減少社區(qū)互動(dòng)、降低適應(yīng)壓力的能力等，所以消費(fèi)者受益最小，B選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者”符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章提到空調(diào)成本高昂、帶來(lái)的舒適性小，減少了人們的交流，降低了人們適應(yīng)壓力的能力，羅列出很多缺點(diǎn)，卻沒(méi)有提到空調(diào)給人們帶來(lái)的具有建設(shè)性的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，A選項(xiàng)“批評(píng)”正確，B選項(xiàng)“折衷”和C選項(xiàng)“中立”錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“客觀”：帶有批判性就不是客觀的態(tài)度。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.

Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受傷害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的)”.

However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?

3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?

4.WhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewofthereport?

5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.

B.Ratesofdeathfromillnesshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.

C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.

D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.

B.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.

C.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.

D.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.

B.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.

C.Itdeservesourclosestattention.

D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.

B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.

C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.

D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.

B.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.

C.Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.

D.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems.（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，受人類影響的氣候變化提高了包括營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良和與高溫相關(guān)的各種疾病的全球死亡率。），可知全球變暖造成疾病死亡率上升，沒(méi)有說(shuō)到貧窮國(guó)家的具體情況，B選項(xiàng)“由于全球變暖，疾病的死亡率上升了”正確，C選項(xiàng)“營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良在貧窮國(guó)家造成了嚴(yán)重的健康問(wèn)題”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“全球氣溫影響經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的速度”：根據(jù)第一段Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear（全球變暖每年造成超過(guò)30萬(wàn)人死亡，約1250億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。），可知全球變暖造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，而不是影響經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢(shì)與人口和自然災(zāi)害有關(guān)”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.（這份將于周五發(fā)布的報(bào)告分析了有關(guān)健康、災(zāi)害、人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢(shì)的數(shù)據(jù)和現(xiàn)有研究。），可知并沒(méi)有指出這些研究?jī)?nèi)容的關(guān)系，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.（但在發(fā)布之前，該報(bào)告就遭到了一些氣候和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家的批評(píng)，他們質(zhì)疑報(bào)告的方法和結(jié)論。），可知有的氣候和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家對(duì)此提出質(zhì)疑，A選項(xiàng)“它受到了一些氣候和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專家的質(zhì)疑”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它引起了科學(xué)界的極大興趣”，C選項(xiàng)“它受到了環(huán)保主義者的熱烈歡迎”和D選項(xiàng)“它在發(fā)展中國(guó)家引起了很大的轟動(dòng)”：文中沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)報(bào)告在整個(gè)科學(xué)界和發(fā)展中國(guó)家的影響，也沒(méi)有提到環(huán)保主義者對(duì)此的看法，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句RogerPielkeJr.,…saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”（RogerPielkeJr.說(shuō)論壇的報(bào)告是“方法論上的難題”），可知Pielke不認(rèn)同這份報(bào)告的方法，沒(méi)有對(duì)其數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，B選項(xiàng)“從方法論來(lái)講是無(wú)效的”正確，A選項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)看起來(lái)很尷尬”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“值得我們密切關(guān)注”：根據(jù)第五段第二句Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.（皮爾克博士說(shuō)“氣候變化是一個(gè)需要我們高度關(guān)注的重要問(wèn)題?！保?，可知需要關(guān)注的是氣候變化而非報(bào)告，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“結(jié)論被故意夸大”：文中沒(méi)有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段However,SorenAndreasen…sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.（然而，SorenAndreasen……稱這些數(shù)字顯然是粗略的估計(jì)。他說(shuō)，這份報(bào)告的目標(biāo)是世界各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，他們將于12月在哥本哈根開(kāi)會(huì)，就新的國(guó)際氣候條約進(jìn)行談判。），可知報(bào)告的數(shù)據(jù)是粗略的估計(jì)，不是仔細(xì)收集的，A選項(xiàng)“報(bào)告的結(jié)論基于仔細(xì)收集的數(shù)據(jù)”錯(cuò)誤；而這粗略的估計(jì)主要是給世界各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人看的，D選項(xiàng)“報(bào)告粗略估計(jì)是為了吸引世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的注意”正確；這些世界各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將出席哥本哈根，而不是說(shuō)報(bào)告會(huì)在這個(gè)會(huì)議上引起熱烈討論，C選項(xiàng)“報(bào)告將在哥本哈根會(huì)議上引起熱烈的討論”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“如果仔細(xì)核查統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，報(bào)告經(jīng)不起推敲”：文中沒(méi)有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)第七段第一句Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.（Annan在描述這份報(bào)告的新聞稿中強(qiáng)調(diào)，談判有必要把重點(diǎn)放在增加從富裕地區(qū)向貧困地區(qū)的資金流動(dòng)上，以幫助這些地區(qū)降低對(duì)氣候?yàn)?zāi)害的脆弱性，同時(shí)仍然控制溫室氣體的排放。），可知Annan認(rèn)為重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是富裕地區(qū)幫助貧困地區(qū)面對(duì)氣候?yàn)?zāi)害，而不是如何解決全球性的問(wèn)題，D選項(xiàng)“富裕國(guó)家如何更好地幫助貧困地區(qū)減少氣候?yàn)?zāi)害”正確；A選項(xiàng)“富國(guó)和窮國(guó)如何分擔(dān)遏制全球變暖的責(zé)任”，B選項(xiàng)“如何減少氣候變化造成的人類和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失”和C選項(xiàng)“如何在全球范圍內(nèi)減少溫室氣體的排放”錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Rockmusicusually______theyoungpeopleinmostcountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appliesto

B.appealsto

C.amazes

D.actress

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)appliesto“適用于；向……提出申請(qǐng)”；B選項(xiàng)appealsto“呼吁；要求；對(duì)……有吸引力”；C選項(xiàng)amazes“使吃驚”；D選項(xiàng)actress“女演員”。句意：搖滾樂(lè)通常______大多數(shù)國(guó)家的年輕人。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里B選項(xiàng)appealsto“對(duì)……有吸引力”搭配youngpeople比較合理，意思指年輕人喜歡搖滾樂(lè)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thefarmerusedwoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.with

D.inwhich

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：那位農(nóng)民用木頭蓋了一所房子，用來(lái)儲(chǔ)存糧食。橫線前面部分是完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，橫線到句尾要么是短語(yǔ)要么是從句，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，后面部分還原成tostoregraininahouse，強(qiáng)調(diào)在房子里面儲(chǔ)存糧食，D選項(xiàng)inwhich是修飾storegrain的狀語(yǔ)，A選項(xiàng)which不能作狀語(yǔ)；B選項(xiàng)where雖然也可以作狀語(yǔ)，但是指在建造房子的整個(gè)地方，而不是房子里面；C選項(xiàng)with后面接介詞to語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Sleepisafunnything.We’retaughtthatweshouldgetsevenoreighthoursanight,butalotofusgetbyjustfineonless,andsomeofusactuallysleeptoomuch.AstudyoutoftheUniversityofBuffalolastmonthreportedthatpeoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozing(睡)soundly.

Doctorshavetheirownspecialsleepproblems.Residents(住院醫(yī)生)arefamouslysleepdeprived.WhenIwastrainingtobecomeadoctor,itwasnotunusualtowork40hoursinarowwithoutrest.Mostofustookitinstride,confidentwecouldstilldeliverthehighestqualityofmedicalcare.Maybeweshouldn’thavebeensosureofourselves.AnarticleintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationpointsoutthatinthemorningafter24hoursofsleeplessness,aperson’smotorperformanceiscomparabletothatofsomeonewhoislegallyintoxicated.Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.

“Icouldtellyouhorrorstories,”saysJayaAgrawal,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalStudentAssociation,whichrunsawebsitewhereresidentscanpostanonymousanecdotes.Someareterrifying.“Iwasoperatingafterbeingupforover36hours,”onewrites.“Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.

“PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork,”writesanother.“Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadside.”“Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,”writesathird,becausetheyare“theonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep”.

Agrawal’sorganizationissupportingthePatientandPhysicianSafetyandProtectionActof2001,introducedlastNovemberbyRepresentativeJohnConyersJr.ofMichigan.Itskeyprovisions,modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations,includean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit.Mostdoctors,however,resistsuchinterference.Dr.CharlesBinkley,aseniorsurgeryresidentattheUniversityofMichigan,agreesthatsomethingneedstobedonebutbelieves“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”.

TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctors,patientsareontheirown.Ifyou’reworriedaboutthepeopletreatingyouoralovedoneyoushouldfeelfreetoaskhowmanyhoursofsleeptheyhavehadandifmore-restedstaffersareavailable.Doctors,fortheirpart,havetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibility(不出錯(cuò))andgettheresttheyneed.

1.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?

2.Whatdoestheauthorimplyspeakingofthesleepproblemsthatdoctorsface?

3.WhatistheauthorspurposeofwritingParagraphs3and4?

4.WhatdoesDr.CharlesBinkleymeanby“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”inParagraph5?

5.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Strokeisoftenassociatedwithsleep.

B.Toomuchsleepcanbeasharmfulaslackofsleep.

C.Peoplewhosleeplessthan8hoursadayaremorepronetoillness.

D.Poorsleepqualitymaybeasignofphysicaldisorder.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Doctorstendtoneglecttheirownsleepproblems.

B.Doctorsoftenneedlittlesleeptokeepthemenergetic.

C.Doctors’sleepisdeprivedbyresidents.

D.Sleepdepriveddoctorsareintoxicated.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowthehostilitydoctorshaveagainsttheirpatients.

B.Toexemplifythedangerdoctorsfacecausedbylackofsleep.

C.Toentertaintheaudiencewithsomeanecdotes.

D.Todiscussthecauseofdoctors’sleepproblems.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theregulationsaboutworkweekandworkshiftaretoospecific.

B.Lawcannotforceadoctortosleepwhilehisconsciencecan.

C.Doctorsshouldnotabidebygovernment’sregulations.

D.Thegovernmentisinterferingtoomuch.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Patientsarefacingmorerisksiftheirdoctorsarenotadequately-rested.

B.Peopleconcernedhavetherighttoremovetheirdoctorsfromtheirpositions.

C.Pilotsandtruckdriversworkinsaferenvironmentsthanthatofdoctors.

D.Patientscanchoosethesleepinghoursoftheirdoctors.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句peoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozingsoundly.（那些每天睡眠時(shí)間超過(guò)8小時(shí)但仍然感到疲勞的人死于中風(fēng)的可能性是正常人的近三倍，這可能是由于一種潛在的疾病使他們無(wú)法睡得安穩(wěn)所致。），可知睡得足夠久卻疲憊的人可能是因?yàn)榛加屑膊?，D選項(xiàng)“睡眠質(zhì)量差可能是身體紊亂的跡象”正確；這里沒(méi)有說(shuō)到中風(fēng)和睡眠的關(guān)系，A選項(xiàng)“中風(fēng)常與睡眠有關(guān)”錯(cuò)誤；這里沒(méi)有說(shuō)到睡眠過(guò)多的危害，B選項(xiàng)“睡眠過(guò)多和睡眠不足一樣有害”錯(cuò)誤；文中沒(méi)有說(shuō)到睡眠少就容易生病，C選項(xiàng)“每天睡眠少于8小時(shí)的人更容易生病”錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者提出住院醫(yī)生睡眠不足的問(wèn)題，然后對(duì)醫(yī)生在睡眠不足的情況下提供的服務(wù)質(zhì)量提出質(zhì)疑，最后一句說(shuō)Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.（奇怪的是，那些認(rèn)為在酒精影響下進(jìn)行手術(shù)就可以被解雇的外科醫(yī)生對(duì)于在睡眠不足的情況下進(jìn)行手術(shù)往往毫不猶豫。），可知作者認(rèn)為睡眠不足和醉酒沒(méi)什么兩樣，D選項(xiàng)“睡眠不足的醫(yī)生像喝醉了一樣”正確；沒(méi)有提到醫(yī)生對(duì)自己睡眠不足這個(gè)情況的態(tài)度，A選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生往往忽視他們自己的睡眠問(wèn)題”錯(cuò)誤；醫(yī)生不能醉酒做手術(shù)，而睡眠不足如同醉酒，所以醫(yī)生也需要充足的睡眠，B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生通常需要很少的睡眠來(lái)保持精力充沛”錯(cuò)誤。這一段主要在表達(dá)醫(yī)生睡眠不足會(huì)影響服務(wù)質(zhì)量，并且明確表示住院醫(yī)生睡眠被剝奪，不符合題干中“第一段暗含什么”的條件，也不是表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容，C選項(xiàng)“住院醫(yī)生的睡眠被剝奪”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者列出了睡眠不足對(duì)醫(yī)生的影響，比如第三段的最后一句Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.（我真的是站著睡著了，臉差點(diǎn)被埋在傷口里。）和第四段PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork…Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadside.（幾乎我認(rèn)識(shí)的每個(gè)外科住院醫(yī)生都在下班回家的路上睡著了……我知道有三個(gè)人撞到了停著的車。另一輛撞到了路邊的一家便利店。），最后總結(jié)說(shuō)“Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,”writesathird,be