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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湘潭大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Althoughthementalprocessthatcreatesafreshandoriginalpoemordramaisdoubtless(

)thatwhichoriginatesandelaboratesscientificdiscoveries,thereisclearlyadiscernibledifferencebetweenthecreators.

問題1選項

A.peripheralto

B.contiguouswith

C.inconsistentwith

D.analogousto

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。A選項“次要的,不重要的”;B選項“接著的,相鄰的,鄰近的”;C選項“不一致,不協(xié)調(diào)”;D選項“類推為,類同為”,根據(jù)句首的although和句末的adiscernibledifference以及句子的整體意思‘盡管原創(chuàng)一首詩歌或一部戲劇的心理過程很可能與產(chǎn)生并詳細闡述科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的心理過程類似,但是在創(chuàng)造者之間顯然存在區(qū)別’可以推斷出答案選項應(yīng)該為D。

2.單選題

Unfortunately,hisdamagingattacksontheramificationsoftheeconomicpolicyhavebeen(

)byhiswholeheartedacceptanceofthatpolicy’sunderlyingassumptions.

問題1選項

A.supplemented

B.undermined

C.diverted

D.redeemed

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。A選項的supplement“增補,補充”;B選項的undermine“漸漸破壞,授掘地基”;C選項的divert“使轉(zhuǎn)向,使繞道,轉(zhuǎn)移(某人)的注意力,使分心”;D選項的redeem“履行,補償,贖回”。根據(jù)句意‘不幸的是,他對這個經(jīng)濟政策后果的致命攻擊被破壞了,因為他完全接受了這個政策暗含的假設(shè)’確定B選項正確。

3.單選題

Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefataldiseasescannowbecuredbymodemdrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbefore,everydaywewitnesstheincredibleslaughterofmen,womenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusmotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblyinjuredeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.

Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindthesteeringwheel.Theyswear,theyareill-manneredandaggressive,willfulastwo-year-oldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrations,disappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving.

Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilessobenignlyonthemotoristandseemstocondonehisbehavior.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistic,tobeconvenientlyforgotten.

Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodriving,thelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstringentannualtestforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson'sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglaws(wheretheyexist)shouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.Governmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationsformanufacturers,ashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredastoosevereifitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afterall,theworldisforhumanbeings,notmotor-cars.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat(

).

2.WhichofthestatementsbelowisNOTinkeepingwiththeimplicationofthe2ndparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacounter-measureagainsttrafficaccidents?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesocialphenomenonis(

).

問題1選項

A.trafficaccidentsaremainlycausedbymotorists

B.onlystrictertrafficlawscanpreventroadaccidents

C.thelawsofsomecountriesaboutdrivingaretoolax

D.thousandsofpeopleovertheworldarekilledeachyear

問題2選項

A.Peopleusuallycannotstayquietandpleasantwhiledriving.

B.Peopleareusuallybesidethemselveswhentheyaredriving.

C.People'shiddenabilitiesareoftenbroughtintofullplaybytheactofdriving.

D.People’sbadqualitiesandemotionscanbefullyexposedbytheactofdriving.

問題3選項

A.Makingdrivingteststandardizedandmoredifficult.

B.Raisingagelimitfordriversandretestingthemregularly.

C.Restrictingthespeedofdrivingwithinreasonablelimits.

D.Testingtheamountofalcoholindrivers’bloodfrequently.

問題4選項

A.ironical

B.critical

C.indifferent

D.militant

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本題詢問這篇閱讀的中心思想。A選項意為“交通事故主要是由摩托車引起的”;B選項意為“只有更嚴(yán)格的交通法規(guī)能夠阻止事故的發(fā)生”;C選項意為“一些國家關(guān)于駕駛的法規(guī)太過松弛”;D選項意為“每年全世界有幾千人喪生”。分析全文內(nèi)容可知,文章前幾段主要分析了造成事故的幾個原因,而最后一段得出的結(jié)論是應(yīng)該通過更嚴(yán)格的交通法規(guī)才能更好地制止交通事故的發(fā)生,所以B選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。本題詢問下列哪一項論述不符合第二段的內(nèi)容。A選項意為“人們開車時通常無法保持安靜愉快的心情”;B選項意為“當(dāng)人們開車時,他們通常會發(fā)狂”;C選項意為“通常人們隱藏的能力會通過駕駛行為充分地發(fā)揮出來”;D選項意為“人們的壞品質(zhì)和負面情感會通過駕駛行為完全被公開”。根據(jù)原文“Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.有人說得對,當(dāng)一個人坐在方向盤后面,他的車就成了他個性的延伸。毫無疑問,汽車常常顯露出一個人最壞的品質(zhì)。”可知人們在駕駛時的情緒和個人品質(zhì)會通過駕駛行為顯露出來,C選項正確;由原文“Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindthesteeringwheel.通常安靜而愉快的人,當(dāng)他們坐在方向盤后面時,可能會變得面目無睹。”可知本段中并沒有說人們開車總是無法保持安靜和愉快,A選項符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。本題詢問下列哪一項沒有被作為阻止交通事故發(fā)生的一項對策提及。A選項意為“將駕照考試更標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和增加難度”;B選項意為“提高駕駛員的年齡限制并定期復(fù)查”;C選項意為“將駕駛速度限制在合理的范圍內(nèi)”;D選項意為“經(jīng)常測試司機血液中的酒精量”。根據(jù)原文最后一段中提出了的如何降低摩托車事故發(fā)生的方式“駕駛測試應(yīng)當(dāng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,比現(xiàn)在要更嚴(yán)格;所有四級每三年考核一次;年輕人駕車的允許年齡應(yīng)提高到21歲;全部機動車每年都應(yīng)經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的安全測試”可知D選項沒有提及符合題意。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。本題詢問作者對于這種社會現(xiàn)象的態(tài)度。A選項意為“諷刺的”;B選項意為“批判的”;C選項意為“漠不關(guān)心的”;D選項意為“富有戰(zhàn)斗性的”。文章的前三段分別給出了導(dǎo)致交通事故發(fā)生的幾個原因,作者也呼吁各國制定更為嚴(yán)格的交通法規(guī)來阻止事故的發(fā)生,而對于摩托車事故,作者一直持批評的態(tài)度,B選項正確。

4.單選題

Somepeopleviewlifeasa(n)(

)conflictbetweentheforcesofgoodandevil.

問題1選項

A.external

B.internal

C.maternal

D.eternal

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘一些人把生活看作是正義力量與惡勢力之間的一種外部沖突。’可知是將生活看作是一種外部沖突。A選項external“外部的,外部”;B選項internal“內(nèi)部的”;C選項maternal“母性的”;D選項eternal“永恒的”。A選項正確。

5.單選題

Exposuretolow-intensitygammaradiationslowstherateofgrowthofthespoilageofmicro-organismsinfoodinmuchthesamewaythatthelowheatusedinpasteurization(

)thespoilageactionofthemicro-organismsinmilk.

問題1選項

A.facilitates

B.initiates

C.inhibits

D.purifies

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項facilitates“促進,幫助,使容易”;B選項initiates“開始,創(chuàng)始,發(fā)起,倡議”;C選項inhibits“抑制,約束”;D選項purifies“凈化,使純凈”。根據(jù)句意‘暴露于低強度的伽馬電磁輻射下可以放緩食物中腐敗微生物的生長速度,正如以極為相同的方式,在巴氏滅菌法中,低熱會遏制住牛奶中微生物的腐敗作用?!疌選項正確。

6.單選題

Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen'sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.

Inanarticleonthenewmanners,Ms.Holmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn’tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars.”Womengetinandoutofcarstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelytheycangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily".

Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk"Historicallythemanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat’swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays".

Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen’sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.

Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandwomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark,Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherwayaccordingtomywife.

Itcameuponlytheothernight.Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairout,IsatonitquitenaturallysinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin.

"Well,"mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,"youdiditagain?'

"Didwhat?’,Iasked,utterlyconfused

"Tookthechair"

Actually,sincePdwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward.Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirstafterall.

Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomebadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat(

).

2.Bysaying"youdiditagain”,theauthor'swifemeansthat

).

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorgetsintoacarbeforeawoman?

問題1選項

A.it’ssafetobreakrulesofsocialbehaviors

B.inwomen’sliberationmenarealsoliberated

C.womenarebecomingmorecompetentthanbefore

D.menshouldwalkintheoutsideofapavement

問題2選項

A.theauthorshouldhaveshownhispolitenessbypullingoutthechairforher

B.theauthorshouldnothavesatdownbeforeshedid

C.theauthorshouldnothavesatinthechairpulledoutbythewaitress

D.theauthorshouldhavewalkedbehindher

問題3選項

A.Heintendstobepolitetothewoman

B.Hedoesthatbyforceofhabit

C.Hewantstoprotectthewomanfromhiddendanger

D.Hethinkswomennowadaysareascapableasmen

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘從這篇文章可以得出,,,’。由第五段中“Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.通常,遵守社會行為準(zhǔn)則比根據(jù)自己的品味行事更容易。當(dāng)然,我們這些天生優(yōu)雅的人可以安全地打破規(guī)則?!贝_定A選項“打破社會行為準(zhǔn)則是安全的”太絕對;由第一段中“Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.在婦女解放運動中,男人的好處之一是不再需要向女人支付舊式的禮遇?!贝_定B選項“在婦女的解放中,男性也被解放了”正確。C選項“女性正變得比以前更有能力”在文中沒有提及;由第三段第二句“Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.男性應(yīng)該在他想走的地方走路”確定D項“男性應(yīng)該走在人行道的外側(cè)”與原文不符。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘說“你又做了一次”,作者的妻子意味著…’。根據(jù)第五段第三句“Forexample,whenamanandwomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark,Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherwayaccordingtomywife.例如,當(dāng)一個男人和一個女人在餐館被領(lǐng)到他們的桌子前,服務(wù)員拉出一把椅子,這個女人應(yīng)該坐在椅子上。根據(jù)安?克拉克女士的說法,我總是用另一種方法來做?!保挛木团e出作者自己做得相反的例子和倒數(shù)第三段中回答“Tookthechair坐了這個椅子”,可以確定C選項“作者不應(yīng)該坐在被女侍者拉出的椅子上”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘以下哪一項不是作者比女士先上車的原因?’。由最后一段第一句“Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.而且,我的習(xí)慣是先上車,讓女士自己上車。這是一種禮貌,我堅持作為更強的性別,出于愛和尊重。”確定A選項“他想對女性有禮貌”和B選項“他這那樣做是出于習(xí)慣”是作者先于女性上車的原因;也確定D選項“他認為今天的女性如男人一樣有能力”不是作者先于女性上車的原因,符合題意,正確;由最后一段中“Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.在這樣的時候,可能會有攻擊者隱藏起來?!贝_定C選項“他想保護女性不受隱藏的危險的傷害”也是作者先于女性上車的原因。

7.翻譯題

Likewaistlinesinmanyprosperouscountries,cellphonesaregoingXXLandsomeoftheirownersarestrugglingtotuckthemin.

JeremyRoche,47yearsold,ownsaSamsungGalaxyNoteIIphonethatisabout75%largerthantheoriginalAppleInc.iPhone,androughlythesizeandheftofanextra-largeHershey’schocolatebar,withaboutaninchnibbledofftheend.It“didfeelweird”atfirsttoholdhisbigphonetohisheadforcalls,hesays,butnowheloveshisamplescreen.

Afteryearsofevolutionfrombrick-sizemonstrositiesintoslimpocketdevices,cellphonesaregoinginreverse.SouthKorea'sSamsungElectronicsCo.iscredited—orblamed一withbringingbigphonesbackintothemainstreamwithdevicesliketheoriginal5.3-inchNote,introducedoutsidetheU.S.inlate2011.

Sometechreviewersatthetimederidedthebigphoneas“silly”,and“aphonedesignedforgiants.”Butsalesboomed,andothermakershavefollowedwithstill-bigger“phablets”,astechiesarcbeginningtocallthem—acrossbetweenaphoneandatablet.

FaresFayad,a39-year-oldconsultantinDubai,saysheusedtothinka3.5-inchcellphonescreenwasjustright,untilhetriedtheiPhone5,whichhasa4-inchscreen.“Idon’tbelieveIcangobacktotheslightlysmallerscreen,”Mr.Fayadsays,

Someergonomicsexpertsworrylamephonescouldposeaninjuryrisk.“Asthestretchtoreachallareasofthescreenincreases,wemightstarttoseemoreseriousrepetitivestressinjurieslikelytothethumbsinlargertouch-screendevices”,saysAnthonyAndre,aprofessorofhumanfactorsandergonomicsatSanJoseStateUniversity.

【答案】就像許多富裕國家居民的腰圍一樣,如今手機的尺寸也在逐漸增大,一些手機用戶在費盡心思想把它們?nèi)M自己的兜里。

在經(jīng)歷了多年來從磚頭般的龐然大物向小巧口袋設(shè)備的演變后,如今手機又踏上了回頭路。

有的科技評論家當(dāng)時曾譏諷這款巨型手機“傻傻的”、“專為巨人設(shè)計”。

但巨型手機的銷量卻實現(xiàn)了激增,其他手機生產(chǎn)商也紛紛跟風(fēng)推出了越來越大的、科技專家開始稱之為“平板手機”的產(chǎn)品手機和平板電腦的跨界組合。

人類工程學(xué)的一些專家擔(dān)心巨型手機可能會帶來損傷的風(fēng)險。由于觸控全屏需增加拉伸的幅度,我們可能會開始看到越來越多由大型觸屏電子設(shè)備引發(fā)的嚴(yán)重累積性-創(chuàng)傷失調(diào),例如對拇指的損害。

8.單選題

Onceaducklinghasidentifiedaparent,theinstinctivebondbecomesapowerful(

)foradditionallearningsince,by(

)theparent;theducklingcanacquirefurtherinformationthatisnotgeneticallytransmitted.

問題1選項

A.impulsesurpassing

B.referent...recognizing

C.inspiration...emulating

D.channel...mimicking

【答案】D

【解析】名詞和動詞詞義辨析。A選項的impulse“推動,沖動,刺激”;surpass“優(yōu)于或超過某人、某物”;B選項的referent“指示物”;recognize“認出,識別,承認”;C選項的inspiration“靈感,鼓舞或激勵人的人或事物,好主意”;emulate“與…競爭,模仿,仿效”;D選項的channel“通道,頻道,海峽”;mimicking“模仿,仿效”根據(jù)句意‘一旦某只小鴨辨認出其父母,這種帶有本能性質(zhì)的紐帶便變成一條極有用的進行額外學(xué)習(xí)的渠道,因為通過模仿其父母,小鴨能進一步獲取那些單靠基因遺傳所無法傳輸給它的信息’可知應(yīng)選D項。

9.單選題

Nonviolentdemonstrationsoftencreatesuchtensionsthatacommunitythathasconstantlyrefusedto(

)itsinjusticesisforcedtocorrectthem:theinjusticescannolongerbe(

).

問題1選項

A.acknowledge...ignored

B.decrease...verified

C.tolerate...accepted

D.address...reassess

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項acknowledge“承認,承認…性,告知”;ignore“忽略,忽視”;B選項decrease“減少,減低”;verify“證明,證實,核實”;C選項tolerate“忍受,容忍,承認,尊重”;accept“接受”;D選項address“對付,處理,解決”;eliminate“消除,排除”。句意‘非暴力游行示威常常會造成很大程度上的緊張狀態(tài),以至于任何一個自始至終不愿承認其不公平的社會的人就會被迫糾正它們,這些不公平己經(jīng)到了再也不容忽視的地步了?!疉選項正確

10.單選題

Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon'tandifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutthenature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,inthisway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwithdepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetobethehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare;andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorance,worstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkup,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourthroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience(

).

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury

).

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofscientistsinearliertimes?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsscience?

問題1選項

A.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment.

B.willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseen

C.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvance

D.willbringaboutdisturbingresults

問題2選項

A.thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemofscience

B.wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearch

C.knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnature

D.didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman’sunderstandingofnature

問題3選項

A.Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingtheydidn'tunderstand.

B.Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutnature.

C.Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.

D.Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn’tunderstand.

問題4選項

A.Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.

B.Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

C.Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

D.Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一句“Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.”指出科學(xué)是很難預(yù)測的,如果真是科學(xué),也就不可能去預(yù)測。文中的predict對應(yīng)于選項B中的foreseen,所以選項B正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中的“Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.”“如果18世紀(jì)的科學(xué)家們被告知我們?nèi)祟悓κ澜鐜缀跏且粺o所知的,那么他們將會非常震驚”可推斷出18世紀(jì)的科學(xué)家并不認為自己對世界一無所知,所以A選項‘認為他們知道很多,可以解決大多數(shù)科學(xué)問題’正確,C選項與A選項表述相反,錯誤。B選項“不敢面對科學(xué)研究的事實”和D選項“在人類對自然界的理解方面產(chǎn)生了更多的不好的影響”沒有在文章中體現(xiàn)。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章中的“Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.”“在早期,我們要么假裝知道事物的規(guī)律,要么對此置之不理或者用編造故事的方式來搪塞?!贝_定A選項“捏造錯誤的理論來解釋他們不知道的事物”、B選項“他們假裝知道有關(guān)自然界的一切”和D選項“他們對不懂的事情置之不理”都是早期科學(xué)家的特點,只有C選項“他們不相信科學(xué)觀察得出的結(jié)果”沒有提及,或者用排除法,C選項符合題意。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章中的“Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan'tbeanswered,soonerorlater...”“盡管有困難,但人類遲早會解決這些問題”所以C選項“雖然意識到困難重重但還是很有信心”符合作者對科學(xué)的態(tài)度。

11.單選題

Therewasatimewhenparentswhowantedaneducationpresentfortheirchildrenwouldbuyatypewriter,aglobeoranencyclopediaset.Nowthose(1)seemhopelesslyoldfashioned;thisChristmas,therewerealotof

(2)

computersunderthetree.

(3)

thatcomputersarethekeytosuccess,parentsarealsofranticallyinsistingthatchildren

(4)

taughttousetheminschoolasearlyaspossible.Theproblemforschoolisthatwhenit

(5)

computers,parentsdon'talwaysknowbest.Manyschoolsare

(6)

parentalimpatienceandarepurchasinghardware

(7)

soundeducationplanning,sotheycansay"OK,we’vemovedintothecomputerage."Teachers

(8)

themselvescaughtinthemiddleoftheproblembetweenparentpressureand

(9)

educationaldecisions.Educationdoesnotevenagree

(10)

howcomputersshouldbeused.Alotofmoneyisgoing

(11)

computerizededucationalmaterialsthatresearchhasshowncanbetaught

(12)

withpencilandpaper.Eventhosewhobelievethatallchildrenshould

(13)

tocomputers,warnofpotential

(14)

totheveryyoung.Thecomputationremainsstronglargelybecauseyoungchildren

(15)

sowelltocomputers.Firstgradershavebeen

(16)

willingtoworkfortwohoursonmathskills.Somehaveanattentionspanof20minutes.

(17)

schoolcanaffordtogointocomputing,andthatcreates

(18)

anotherproblem:adivisionbetweenthehavesandhave-nots.Veryfewparentsareagitating

(19)

computerinstructioninpoorschooldistricts.

(20)theremaybebarelyenoughmoneytopaythereadingteacher.

問題1選項

A.items

B.oys

C.sets

D.series

問題2選項

A.private

B.children

C.school

D.personal

問題3選項

A.Given

B.Provided

C.Convinced

D.Believed

問題4選項

A.are

B.be

C.arebeing

D.were

問題5選項

A.talksabout

B.comesto

C.turnsto

D.mentions

問題6選項

A.ignorantof

B.blaming

C.yieldingto

D.turningadeafearto

問題7選項

A.without

B.with

C.through

D.for

問題8選項

A.reliedon

B.relaxed

C.freed

D.found

問題9選項

A.wise

B.clever

C.slow

D.enough

問題10選項

A.on

B.with

C.to

D.about

問題11選項

A.upon

B.with

C.to

D.for

問題12選項

A.equally

B.inthesameway

C.justaswell

D.notaswell

問題13選項

A.beopen

B.haveaccess

C.look

D.turn

問題14選項

A.approaches

B.exposures

C.dangers

D.harmful

問題15選項

A.adopt

B.keep

C.adapt

D.devote

問題16選項

A.watched

B.seen

C.told

D.taught

問題17選項

A.High

B.Notevery

C.No

D.Any

問題18選項

A.already

B.ofcourse

C.inaction

D.yet

問題19選項

A.for

B.against

C.tobuy

D.use

問題20選項

A.for

B.inanycase

C.although

D.Where

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:B

第18題:D

第19題:A

第20題:A

【解析】(1)詞義與詞形辨析。根據(jù)原文第一段的內(nèi)容,本小題空白處所填入的詞語指的就是前面所列舉的與教育有關(guān)的禮物,諸如打字機、地球儀、百科全書這些東西;B選項的toys專指玩具;C選項的sets指的是一套或一組的東西;D選項的series用于表示叢書之類的東西,這幾個詞都過于具體,不能囊括上述與教育有關(guān)的禮物。items常用來指一組事物或清單中的一項,符合題意。

(2)詞義與詞形辨析。此處填一個修飾computer的詞,所以B,C選項排除,A,D選項主要是區(qū)分private與personal的具體用法。private強調(diào)歸私人所有,常譯為“私有的,私人的”;personal主要強調(diào)“個人的,個人用的”;personalcomputer指“個人電腦,個人計算機”。

(3)語法邏輯關(guān)系。A選項的given表示“在有..的情況下,假定……”可用來引導(dǎo)條件狀語;B選項的provided(that)或providing(that)“如果…的話,只要…”作用相當(dāng)于if,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句;convince“使相信,說服”,常用于句型。C選項的convincesbofsth和convincesb.+that(從句),而且常常用過去分詞形式表示相信;D選項的believe“相信,認為”,及物動詞,后直接跟賓語,但很少用過去分詞的形式作狀語;根據(jù)空白處前后詞語的意思以及結(jié)構(gòu),C選項符合題意。

(4)語法邏輯關(guān)系。此句的意思是“父母們深信計算機是使孩子走向成功的必備之品,所以,他們堅決主張應(yīng)盡早教孩子們學(xué)會使用電腦”。insist在這里表示“堅決主張”、“堅決要求”,后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句用虛擬語氣,should+動詞原形,should可以省略。

(5)考察詞組及固定搭配。Whenitcomesto...表示“當(dāng)說到……,當(dāng)涉及到……”。

(6)詞義與詞形辨析。此句的意思是“由于家長們急不可耐,許多學(xué)校迫于壓力,在沒有做出任何慎重合理的教學(xué)計劃的情況下便購買了計算機”;A選項的ignorantof“不懂,忽視”;B選項的blame“責(zé)怪”,常用的句式為blamesth.onsb.或者blamesb.forsth.;C選項的yieldto的意思為“屈服于,讓步”;D選項的turnadeafearto“置若罔聞”,根據(jù)句意,C選項符合題意。

(7)詞義與詞形辨析。根據(jù)句子意思確定A選項的without“沒有”符合題意。

(8)語法邏輯關(guān)系??瞻滋幒竺媸菑?fù)合賓語,四個選項中只有D選項的find后面可以跟復(fù)合賓語,所以D選項正確

(9)詞義與詞形辨析。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是表示‘聰明的,明智的’,所以排除A和D選項。A選項的wise的意思是明智的,聰明的,經(jīng)常用來指行動或決定等方面的正確性;B選項的clever的意思也是聰明,但是其一般強調(diào)的是智力上的聰明。

(10)詞組及固定搭配。D選項沒有這個搭配,排除。A選項的agreeon表示“就...取得一致意見”;B選項的agreewith表示“與……意見一致,與……相符”,后面既可以跟表示人的名詞或人稱代詞,也可以跟表示意見、看法的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的從句;C選項的agreeto表示“同意某一建議或安排并參與執(zhí)行”,根據(jù)句意‘教育甚至沒有就電腦的使用達成一致’確定A選項正確。

(11)詞義與詞形辨析。for此處表示用途。

(12)此句的句意為“大量的資金被花在用計算機實施教育的材料上了,而這些材料用普通的紙和筆來教給學(xué)生,也能取得同樣好的效果”。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填入justaswell。A選項表示‘平等的’、B選項‘同樣的方式’和C選項表示否定,均不符合題意,排除。

(13)詞組及固定搭配。A選項的beopento“對...開放,愿接受...的”;B選項的haveaccessto“進入,能接近,了解,使用”;C選項的lookto“注意,指望,照看”;D選項的turnto“轉(zhuǎn)向,變成,求助于”。根據(jù)上下文意思可知,這里指所有的孩子應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)使用電腦。

(14)語法與邏輯關(guān)系。此空應(yīng)填一個名詞,首先排除D項。approach,exposure,danger都可以與介詞to搭配,A選項的approach“接近、處理...的方式/方法”;B選項的exposureto“暴露于”;C選項的dangerto“對…有危險”。句意‘對年幼的孩子來說,電腦也有潛在的危險。’,所以C選項正確

(15)詞義與詞形辨析。A選項的adopt及物動詞,意思為“采取,接受,收養(yǎng),正式通過”;B選項的keepto“堅持,遵守”;C選項的adaptto“適應(yīng),適合,改編,改寫”;D選項的devoteto“投身于,致力于,獻身于”,根據(jù)句子的意思是“誘惑依然強勁,很大程度上是因為年幼孩子適應(yīng)計算機能力強”。C選項正確。

(16)詞義與詞形辨析。句子的意思是“一年級的學(xué)生己被見證愿意花兩個小時的時間練習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)技能”。本小題主要是要求辨別watch和see的意思。watch主要著眼于觀看比賽、電視等動態(tài)的事物;see則著眼于看到之意。

(17)語法與邏輯關(guān)系。在前面,作者談到各個學(xué)校都在買電腦,由下文的havesandhave-nots可知此處指并不是所有的學(xué)校都買得起電腦。not與every搭配表示部分否定。

(18)詞組及固定搭配。A選項的already“已經(jīng)”,B選項的ofcourse“當(dāng)然”,C選項的inaddition“除此之外還”,均不符合題意;D選項的yet與another連用表示“還有”強調(diào)“還有一個”這層意思,符合題意。

(19)語法與邏輯關(guān)系。句子意思為“在貧困地區(qū)幾乎沒有哪位父母要求計算機教學(xué)”。agitateforsth.“為某事進行鼓動”此處可以理解為“要求做……”。

(20)語法與邏輯關(guān)系。這個句子是對上一句話的原因進行說明的,for引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。

12.單選題

LinesoflatituderunhorizontallyandareparalleltotheEquatorandlinesoflongituderunvertically.They(

)attheNorthandSouthPoles.

問題1選項

A.converge

B.convoke

C.convoy

D.convulse

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意‘緯線水平平行于赤道和經(jīng)線相垂直。它們在南北兩極聚集?!芍@里是說經(jīng)線和緯線的位置,根據(jù)常識可知經(jīng)線和緯線相互垂直,在南極和北極兩個地方是聚集的,A選項converge"聚集,靠攏”;B選項convoke“召集”;C選項convoy“護送”;D選項convulse“震撼”。根據(jù)句意確定A選項正確。

13.單選題

ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone'sparents.CalledtheMaintenanceofParentsBill,itreceivedthebackingoftheSingaporeGovernment.

Thatdoesnotmeanithasn'tgenerateddiscussion.SeveralmembersoftheParliamentopposedthemeasureasun-Asian.Otherswhoacknowledgedtheproblemoftheelderlypoorbelieveditisaproportionateresponse.Stillothersbelieveitwillsubvertrelationswithinthefamily:cynicsdubbeditthe“SueYourSon”law.

Thosewhosaythatthebilldoesnotpromotefilialresponsibility,ofcourse,areright.Ithasnothingtodowithfilialresponsibility.Itkicksinwherefilialresponsibilityfails.Thelawcannotlegislatefilialresponsibilityanymorethanitcanlegislatelove.Allthelawcandoistoprovideasafetynetwherethismoralityprovesinsufficient.Singaporeneedsthisbillnottoreplacemorality,buttoprovideincentivestoshoreitup.

Likemanyotherdevelopednations,Singaporefacestheproblemsofanincreasingproportionofpeopleover60yearsofage.Demographyisinexorable.In1980,7.2%ofthepopulationwasinthisbracket.Attheturnofthecenturythatfiguregrewto11%.By2030,theproportionisprojectedtobe26%.Theproblemisnotoldageperse.Itisthattheratioofeconomicallyactivepeopletoeconomicallyinactivepeoplewilldecline.

Butnoamountofgovernmentexhortationorpaternalismwillcompletelyeliminatetheproblemofoldpeoplewhohaveinsufficientmeanstomakeendsmeet.Somepeoplewillfallthroughtheholesinanysafetynet.

Traditionally,aperson’sinsuranceagainstpovertyinhisoldagewashisfamily.Thisisnotarevolutionaryconcept.NorisituniquelyAsian.Careandsupportforone’sparentsisauniversalvaluesharedbyallcivilizedsocieties.

Theprobl

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