住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-中南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

預(yù)言未來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)是困難的事情。美國(guó)人逐漸意識(shí)到他們自己是在一種全球化經(jīng)濟(jì)中競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而且他們將不斷經(jīng)歷經(jīng)濟(jì)的好轉(zhuǎn)和低迷。不過(guò)有一件事情可以確定的是，美國(guó)關(guān)于財(cái)富的傳統(tǒng)觀念已經(jīng)對(duì)人民的生活水平和價(jià)值觀產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。而因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人對(duì)于財(cái)富持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的觀念已經(jīng)深深扎根于他們的信仰系統(tǒng)，所以財(cái)富的衰退的現(xiàn)狀會(huì)對(duì)他們產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的挫傷。不過(guò)即便是經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰退，很難說(shuō)對(duì)他們所持的理念帶來(lái)太多的作用，相反也許會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和促進(jìn)作用。

【答案】Itisdifficulttopredictthefutureeconomy.Americanshavecometorealizedthattheyarecompetinginaglobaleconomyandthattheywillcontinuetoexperienceeconomicupturnsanddownturns.Onethingiscertain,however,thatAmerica’straditionalviewofwealthhavehadaprofoundeffectonitspeople’slivingstandardsandvalues.American’sbeliefthatwealthwillcontinuetorisehavedeeplyrootedintheirbeliefsystem,hencethecurrentdeclineinwealthcanbeaserioussetbackforthem.Butevenarecessionwouldhardlydomuchontheirideas;instead,itmayproducepositivecompetitionandfacilitation.

2.單選題

AlthoughJohnson’sandSmith’sinitialfascinationwiththefortunesofthosejockeyingforpowerinthelawfirm（

）afterafewmonths,thetwopaidsufficientattentiontodeterminewhotheirlunchpartnersshouldbe.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revived

B.persisted

C.intensified

D.flagged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。revive“復(fù)興；蘇醒”；persist“堅(jiān)持”；intensify“增強(qiáng)，變激烈”；flag“減退”。句意：幾個(gè)月后，盡管Johnson和Smith對(duì)律師事務(wù)所中那些運(yùn)用手段圖謀權(quán)力的人的最初著迷減退了，但是這兩個(gè)人對(duì)于確定誰(shuí)應(yīng)該是他們的午餐伙伴的問(wèn)題上非常重視。由Although和initialfascination可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與initialfascination形成對(duì)比，故D項(xiàng)“減退”正確。

3.單選題

Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshasbeenmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundinghasbeendevotedtostudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despitetheevidence,includingthatoftheleadingmanufacturersofcrystallinesilicon,thatthetechniqueholdslittlepromise.Thereasonforthispatternisunderstandableandhistorical.Crystal-linesiliconistheactive,elementintheverysuccessfulsemiconductorindustry,andvirtuallyallofthesolidstatedevicescontainsilicontransistorsanddiodes.Crystallinesilicon,however,isparticularlyunsuitabletoterrestrialsolarcells.

Crystallinesiliconsolarcellsworkwellandaresuccessfullyusedinthespaceprogram,wherecostisnotanissue.Whilesingle-crystalsiliconhasbeenproveninextraterrestrialusewithefficienciesashighas18percent,andothermoreexpensiveandscarcematerialssuchasgalliumarsenidecanhaveevenhigherefficiencies,costsmustbereducedbyafactorofmorethan100tomakethempracticalforcommercialuse.Besidethefactthatthestartingcrystallinesiliconisexpensive,95percentofitiswastedanddoesnotappearinthefinaldevice.Recently,therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsilicon,whicharelowerincostthanhighqualitysinglecrystals;buttodateefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costarrayshavebeenunacceptablysmall.Moreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.

Thisdilemmacanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyhaveonlyshort-rangeorderratherthanthelong-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.Whereascrystalscanbegrownaswafersaboutfourinchesindiameter,amorphousmaterialscanbegrownoverlargeareasinasingleprocess.Whereascrystallinesiliconmustbemade200micronsthicktoabsorbasufficientamountofsunlightforefficientenergyconversion,only1micronoftheproperamorphousmaterialsisnecessary.Crystallinesiliconsolarcellscostinexcessof$100persquarefoot,butamorphousfilmscanbecreatedatacostofabout50cpersquarefoot.

Althoughmanyscientistswereawareoftheverylowcostofamorphoussolarcells,theyfeltthattheycouldneverbemanufacturedwiththeefficienciesnecessarycontributesignificantlytothedemandforelectricpower.Thiswasbasedonamisconceptionaboutthefeaturewhichdeterminesefficiency.Forexample,itisnottheconductivityofthematerialinthedarkwhichisrelevant,butonlythephotoconductivity,thatis,theconductivityinthepresenceofsunlight.Already,solarcellswithefficiencieswellabove6percenthavebeendevelopedusingamorphousmaterials,andfurtherresearchwilldoubtlessfindevenlesscostlyamorphousmaterialwithefficiencies.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsrecentattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingpairsoftermsdoestheauthorregardasmostnearlysynonymous?

4.Thematerialinthepassagecouldbestbeusedinanargumentfor（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advocatingincreasedgovernmentfundingforresearchonalternativeenergysources

B.explainingthefunctioningofsolarcells

C.presentingahistoryofresearchonenergysources

D.describingapossiblesolutiontotheproblemofthecostofphotovoltaiccells

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.minimizetheimportanceofrecentimprovementsinsiliconsolarcells

B.demonstratethesuperiorityofamorphousmaterialsovercrystallinesilicon

C.informthereaderthatanalternativetypeofsolarcellexists

D.contrastcrystallinesiliconwithpolycrystallineandribbonsilicon

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.solarandextraterrestrial

B.photovoltaicdevicesandsolarcells.

C.crystallinesiliconandamorphousmaterials

D.amorphousmaterialsandhigherefficiencies

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.discontinuingthespaceprogram

B.increasedfundingforresearchonamorphousmaterials

C.furtherstudyofthehistoryofsiliconcrystals

D.increasedrelianceonsolarenergy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由“Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshasbeenmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.使用太陽(yáng)能光伏設(shè)備的基本問(wèn)題是經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，但直到最近，在開發(fā)低成本光伏設(shè)備方面幾乎沒(méi)有取得進(jìn)展?！币约暗谌蝍morphousmaterials的優(yōu)點(diǎn)可知作者關(guān)心尋找低成本的可替代能源。可知D項(xiàng)“描述了光伏電池成本問(wèn)題的一種可能解決方案”相符。

2.判斷推理題從“Recently，therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptsto

makepolycrystallineandribbonsilicon,whicharelowerincostthanhighqualitysinglecrystals;buttodateefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costarrayshavebeenunacceptablysmall.Moreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.但到目前為止，這些成本明顯較低的陣列的效率一直小得令人無(wú)法接受。此外，這些材料更便宜只是因?yàn)榫w半導(dǎo)體中無(wú)序的引入，無(wú)序降低了晶體太陽(yáng)能電池的效率?！庇纱丝梢酝评?，這種嘗試改進(jìn)沒(méi)有多大的價(jià)值，可知A項(xiàng)“盡量減少近期硅太陽(yáng)能電池改進(jìn)的重要性”正確。B項(xiàng)“說(shuō)明非晶態(tài)材料優(yōu)于晶態(tài)硅材料”；C項(xiàng)“告訴讀者，有一種替代類型的太陽(yáng)能電池存在”D項(xiàng)“對(duì)比晶體硅與多晶硅和帶狀硅”。

3.判斷推理題。由第一段“Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarhotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics使用太陽(yáng)能光電器件的基本問(wèn)題是經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題”下文多次用solarcells替代photovoltaicdevices可知photovoltaicdevices和solarcells是同義詞。

4.判斷推理題。由第三段“Thisdilemmacanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyhaveonlyshort-rangeorderratherthanthelong-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.這種困境可以通過(guò)制備完全無(wú)序或非晶態(tài)的材料來(lái)避免。與晶體材料相比，非晶態(tài)材料具有無(wú)序的原子結(jié)構(gòu)，即它們只具有短期的有序，而沒(méi)有晶體的長(zhǎng)期周期性。非晶態(tài)太陽(yáng)能電池的優(yōu)點(diǎn)令人印象深刻?！敝械腶morphousmaterial的優(yōu)點(diǎn)以及最后一段中“furtherresearchwilldoubtlessfindevenlesscostlyamorphousmaterialwithefficiencies.進(jìn)一步的研究無(wú)疑會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)成本更低、效率更高的非晶態(tài)材料。”可知amorphousmaterial有望成為太陽(yáng)能的替代能源，故應(yīng)該增加對(duì)其的投資。B項(xiàng)“增加對(duì)非晶材料的研究經(jīng)費(fèi)”符合題意。

4.單選題

Nooneis（

）aboutStephens;heinspireseitheruncriticaladulationorprofoundantipathyinthosewhoworkforhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.neutral

B.infuriated

C.anxiety

D.consternation

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)neutral“中立的”；B選項(xiàng)infuriated“激怒的；狂怒的”；C選項(xiàng)anxiety“焦慮；掛念”；D選項(xiàng)consternation“驚恐；驚慌失措”。句意：沒(méi)有人······斯蒂芬斯;在為他工作的人中間，他要么受到不加批判的奉承，要么引起深深的反感?！胺畛小焙汀胺锤小笨烧J(rèn)為是兩個(gè)極端，因此從情感色彩上來(lái)說(shuō)，沒(méi)有人對(duì)斯蒂芬持有“中立”的態(tài)度，A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

TheCardinalandDanieldeBosolaenterfromtheright.Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.Hehasthetall,spareform—theelongatedhandsandfeatures—oftheformer;thetrimpointedbeard,theimperialrepose,thecommandingauthorityofthelatter.ButtheElGrecofeaturesarenotreallythoseofasceticismorinnermysticspirituality.Theyaretheindextoacold,refinedbutruthlesscrueltyinahighlycivilizedcontrolledform.Neitheristheimperialreposeanaloofmoodofprouddetachment.Itisarefinedexpressionofasatanicprideofplaceandtalent.Toadegree,theCardinal’scoldnessisartificiallycultivated.HehasdefinedhimselfagainsthisyoungerbrothertheDukeandistheoppositetotheoverwroughtemotionalityofthelatter.ButtheCardinal’saloofmoodisnotoneofblanddetachment.Itisthedeliberatedetachmentofamethodicalmanwhocollectshisthoughtsandemotionsintothemostcompactandformidableshape―thatwhenhestrikes,hemaystrikewiththemoreefficientanddevastatingforce.Hiseasymovementsarethoseoftheslowlycirclingeaglejustbeforetheswiftdescentwiththeexposedtalons.Aboveallelse,heisamanwhoneverforamomentdoubtshisdestinedauthorityasagovernor.HederisivelyandsharplyrebukeshisbrothertheDukeaseasilyandreadilyashismistressJulia.IfhehasbetrayedBosola,heuseshisbrotherasthetooltorecoverhis“familiar.”Hiscourtdressisalongbrilliantscarletcardinal’sgownwithwhitecuffsandawhitecollarturnedbackoverthered,bothcollarandcuffsbeingelaboratelyscallopedandembroidered.Hewearsasmallcape,reachingonlytotheelbows.Hiscassockisbuttonedtotheground,givingaheightenedeffecttohisalreadytallpresence.Richelieuwouldhaveadoredhisneatlytrimmedbeard.Arichlyjeweledandornamentedcrossliesonhisbreast,suspendedfromhisneckbyagoldchain.BosolaistheRenaissance“familiar”dressedconventionallyinsomberblackwithawhitecollar.Hewearsachainabouthisneck,asuspendedornament,andasword.Althougha“bravo,”hemustnotbethoughtofasaleatherjacketed,heavy-bootedtough,squatandswarthy.Stilllessisheasneering,leering,melodramaticvillainoftheVictoriangaslighttradition.Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman;introvertedandintrospective,yetruthlessinaction;moodyandreluctant,yetviolent.Heisamanofscholarlytasteandsubtleintellectualdiscriminationdoingtheworkofahiredruffian.Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.LikeDukeFerdinand,heisinwardlytormented,butnotbyundilutedpassion.Hisdominantemotionisanintellectualizedone:thatofdisgustataworldfilledwithknaveryandfolly,butinwhichhemustplayapartandthatalowly,despicableone.HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.

1.TheactorportrayingBosolamustdepictthecharacter（

）.

2.Thewriterofthispassageassumesthatthereaderis

（

）.

3.ThereferencetoBrowninginthelastsentenceisintendedtocompare

（

）.

4.InhisdescriptionofBosola,theauthorofthispassagemakesextensiveuseofthedeviceof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asahighlycivilizedindividual

B.asasneeringvillain

C.asacomplicatedyetrestrainedindividual

D.withsubtletyandintensity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.familiarwithRenaissancepoetry

B.disgustedwithaworldfilledwithknaveryandfolly

C.familiarwiththepaintingsofElGreco

D.familiarwiththewritingsofVanDykeandElGreco

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.BosolawithDukeFerdinand

B.BosolawithaBrowningcharacter

C.DukeFerdinandwithBosola

D.BosolawithBrowning

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.metaphor

B.onomatopoeia

C.exaggeration

D.paradox

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文中“Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，他的模仿者必須達(dá)到自然的柔美和微妙，一種高度復(fù)雜、緊湊而又克制得很好的氣質(zhì)?！笨芍cC項(xiàng)相符。

2.判斷推理題。由文中“Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.在外觀上，紅衣主教之間是埃爾?格列柯紅衣主教和范戴克高貴的主?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為讀者熟悉EIGreco和VanDyke的畫像。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。由“HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.他是那種布朗寧喜歡在他的文藝復(fù)興獨(dú)白中描述的罕見(jiàn)人物”?？芍摼渲蠦osola和Browning筆下所描寫的人物進(jìn)行對(duì)比。故B項(xiàng)正確，

4.判斷推理題。Metaphor暗喻；onomatopoeia擬聲；exaggeration夸張；paradox悖論。

由文中“Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman...就像他的黑白衣服一樣，Bosola是一種有趣的自相矛盾，他是學(xué)者的殺手、人文主義者的劊子手······”可知A項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Amajorgoaloflawofanycountry,todeterpotentialcriminalsbypunishingwrongdoers,isnotservedwhenthepenaltyissoseldominvokedthatitceasestobea（

）threat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.serious

B.coercive

C.deceptive

D.credible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。serious“嚴(yán)肅的；危急的”；coercive“強(qiáng)制的；脅迫的”；deceptive“欺騙性；虛偽的”；credible“可靠的”。句意：當(dāng)懲罰很少被執(zhí)行，因而它已經(jīng)不再是一種可靠的震懾時(shí)，任何國(guó)家法律的主要目標(biāo)一一通過(guò)懲罰做壞事的人來(lái)阻止?jié)撛诘姆缸锞蜎](méi)有得到保證。由關(guān)鍵詞Amajorgoalisnotserved.可知法律不再是一種有效的震懾。D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)義。

7.單選題

Whereashistoriansoncemaintainedthatscienceis（

）otherenterprises,theyhavecometorealizethatscienceisactuallyintertwinedwiththevalues,socialassumptions,andintellectualtraditionsofaparticularhistoricalperiod.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dependenton

B.tantamountto

C.ancillaryto

D.distinctfrom

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。dependenton依賴于；ancillaryto從屬的，附屬的。tantamountto等的，相當(dāng)于。distinctfrom與······不同。句意：歷史學(xué)家曾經(jīng)堅(jiān)持科學(xué)是不同于其他事業(yè)的，然而，他們開始認(rèn)識(shí)到科學(xué)是和價(jià)值觀、社會(huì)假設(shè)，以及一個(gè)特定歷史時(shí)期的智慧傳統(tǒng)聯(lián)系在一起的。由后文中的isactuallyintertwinedwith可知空格處與這個(gè)意思相反，故答案D。

8.單選題

Alittlemorethanacenturyago,MichaelFaraday,thenotedBritishphysicist,managedtogainaudiencewithagroupofhighgovernmentofficials,todemonstrateanelectrochemicalprinciple,inthehopeofgainingsupportforhiswork.

Afterobservingthedemonstrationclosely,oneoftheofficialsremarkedbluntly“It’safascinatingdemonstration,youngman,butjustwhatpracticalapplicationwillcomeofthis?”

“Idon’tknow,”repliedFaraday,“butIdoknowthat100yearsfromnowyou’llbetaxingthem”.

Fromthedemonstrationofaprincipletothemarketingofproductsderivedfromthatprincipleisoftenalong,involvedseriesofsteps.Thespeedandeffectivenesswithwhichthesestepsaretakenarecloselyrelatedtothehistoryofmanagement,theartofgettingthingsdone.JustasmanagementappliestothewondersthathaveevolvedfromFaradayandotherinventors,soitappliedsome4,000yearsagototheworkingsofthegreatEgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms,toHannibal’sremarkablefeatofcrossingtheAlpsin218B.C,with90,000footsoldiers,12,000horsemenanda“conveyorbelt”of40elephantsortotheearlyChristianChurch,withitsworld-shakingconceptsofindividualfreedomandequality.

Theseancientinnovatorsweredeeplyinvolvedintheproblemsofauthority,divisionoflabor,discipline,unityofcommand,clarityofdirectionandtheotherbasicfactorsthataresomeaningfultomanagementtoday.ButtherealimpetustomanagementasanemerginprofessionwastheIndustrialRevolution.Originatingin18th-centuryEngland,itwastriggeredbyaseriesofclassicinventionsandnewprocesses;amongthemJohnKay’sFlyingShuttlein1733,JamesHargreaves’SpinningJennyin1770,SamuelCrompton’sMuleSpinnerin1779andEdmundCartwright’sPowerLoomin1785.

1.TheanecdoteaboutMichaelFaradayindicatesthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,managementisdefinedas

（

）.

3.Inthepassagewecanseethatmanagementcameintoitsown（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.politicianstaxeverything

B.peopleareskepticalaboutthevalueofpureresearch

C.taxesareuppermostinscientists’minds

D.hewasrejectedbyhisgovernment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.accomplishingwonders

B.thecreatoroftheIndustrialRevolution

C.theartofgettingthingsdone

D.supervisingsubordinates

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.intheEgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms

B.inthedevelopmentoftheearlyChristianChurch

C.atthetimeofMichaelFaraday

D.intheeighteenthcentury

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中“It’safascinatingdemonstration,youngman,butjustwhatpracticalapplicationwillcomeofthis?年輕人，這是一個(gè)令人著迷的演示，但它究竟會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么實(shí)際應(yīng)用呢？”可知B項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)純研究的價(jià)值持懷疑態(tài)度”正確。

2.判斷推理題。定位第四段中“Thespeedandeffectivenesswithwhichthesestepsaretakenarecloselyrelatedtothehistoryofmanagement,theartofgettingthingsdone.采取這些步驟的速度和效率與管理的歷史即完成工作的藝術(shù)密切相關(guān)。”可知C項(xiàng)“完成工作的藝術(shù)”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到最后一段中“Originatingin18th-centuryEngland,itwastriggeredbyaseriesofclassicinventionsandnewprocesses它起源于18世紀(jì)的英國(guó)，由一系列經(jīng)典的發(fā)明和新工藝引發(fā)?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Takethetimeto（

）withyourchild,toreadwithher,toplaywithher,tohavegoodconversationswithher,totakewalkswithher.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cuddle

B.cumber

C.rrode

D.canvass

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。cuddle摟抱，擁抱；cumber拖累，妨害；corrode侵蝕，損害；canvass細(xì)究。句意：花時(shí)間擁抱你的孩子，讀書給她聽，和她玩耍，語(yǔ)重心長(zhǎng)地和她交談，和她一起散步。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

感激是對(duì)于每一件善舉，無(wú)論其大小，表示優(yōu)雅地接受并欣賞的藝術(shù)。我們中

的大多數(shù)人受到款待，接收禮物和獲得明顯的好處的時(shí)候都不會(huì)忘記表達(dá)自己的愉悅之情。但即使在此情景下我們都需注意并能夠以完善的方式表達(dá)之，使其盡可能地顯得個(gè)性化和體現(xiàn)自己的誠(chéng)意。感激的藝術(shù)首先應(yīng)該體現(xiàn)在對(duì)待小事情上充分體現(xiàn)出來(lái)：公共汽車售票員、醫(yī)院的護(hù)士、飯店的女招待還有校園的保潔員—所有這些人都在以不同

的方式為我們服務(wù)。通過(guò)表示感謝我們可以使日常平淡的關(guān)系顯得更有人情味，讓一些單調(diào)的任務(wù)變得令人愉快。我們所給予的感激永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)過(guò)多，因?yàn)槲覀兩磉叺娜硕紩?huì)以我們的微笑構(gòu)成他們的人生追求和工作的動(dòng)力。

【答案】Gratitudeistheartofgraciouslyacceptingandappreciatingeveryactofkindness,nomatterhowsmall.Mostofusdonotfailtoshowourpleasurewhenwereceivehospitality,giftsandobviousbenefits,buteveninthiscase,wehavetomindandbecompetenttoperfectourmannerofshowinggratitudebymakingitaspersonalandsincereaspossible.Itis,aboveall,inthelittlethingsthatthegraceofgratitudeshouldbemostemployed.Thebusconductor,thenurseinthehospital,thewaitressatarestaurant,thecleanerinthecampus—allobligeusinonewayoranother.Byshowingourgratitudewemakeroutinerelationshipshumanandrendermonotonoustasksmoreagreeable.Gratitudeissomethingofwhichnoneofuscangivetoomuch.Forpeoplearoundusbuilduptheirpursuitoflifeandmotivationofworkonthesmileswegive.

11.單選題

Duringthe1960’sand1970’s,theprimaryeconomicdevelopmentstrategyoflocalgovernmentsintheUnitedStateswastoattractmanufacturingindustries.Unfortunately,thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense:manymanufacturingfacilitieswereluredawayfromtheirmooringselsewherethroughtaxincentivesandslickpromotionalefforts.Throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy.

Inthe1980’sthestrategyshiftedfromthiszero-sumgametoonecalled“high-technologydevelopment,”inwhichlocalgovernmentscompetedtoattractnewlyformedhigh-technologymanufacturingfirms.Althoughthisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs,italsohaditsshortcomings:high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce,andtheresimplyarenotenoughhigh-techfirmstosatisfyallgeographicareas.

Recently,localgovernmentshaveincreasinglycometorecognizetheadvantagesofyetathirdstrategy:thepromotionofhomegrownsmallbusinesses.Smallindigenousbusinessesarecreatedbyanearlyubiquitousresource,localentrepreneurs,withrootsintheircommunities,theseindividualsarelesslikelytobeenticedawaybyincentivesofferedbyanothercommunity.Indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship.

1.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthemajorityofUnitedStatesmanufacturingindustriesbeforethehigh-technologydevelopmenteraofthe1980’s?

2.Thetoneofthepassagesuggeststhattheauthorismostoptimisticabouttheeconomicdevelopmentpotentialofwhichofthefollowinggroups?

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasanadvantageofhigh-technologydevelopment?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theylostmanyoftheirmostinnovativepersonneltosmallentrepreneurialenterprises.

B.Theyexperiencedamajordeclineinprofitsduringthe1690’sand1970’s.

C.Theycouldproviderealeconomicbenefitstotheareasinwhichtheywerelocated.

D.Theyemployedworkerswhohadnospecializedskills.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Localgovernments

B.High-technologypromoters

C.Localentrepreneurs

D.Manufacturing-industrymanagers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itencouragesthemodernizationofexistingmanufacturingfacilities.

B.Itdoesnotadvantageonelocalworkforceattheexpenseofanother.

C.Itencouragesthegrowthofrelatedindustries.

D.Ittakesfulladvantageoftheexistingworkforce.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Advocatemoreeffectivestrategiesforencouragingthedevelopmentofhigh—technologyenterprisesintheUnitedStates.

B.Contrasttheincentivesforeconomicdevelopmentofferedbylocalgovernmentswiththoseofferedbytheprivatesector.

C.Acknowledgeandcounteradversecriticismofprogramsbeingusedtostimulatelocaleconomicdevelopment.

D.Reviewandevaluatestrategiesandprogramsthathavebeenusedtostimulateeconomicdevelopment.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第一段中“thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense這種策略通常是實(shí)現(xiàn)另一個(gè)社區(qū)的代價(jià),”以及“throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy通過(guò)這種做法帶來(lái)的就業(yè)和相關(guān)收入的轉(zhuǎn)移，一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的勝利可能成為另一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的悲劇”，可知，在八十年代以前，經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展都是本地化的，只能為自己所在的社區(qū)帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。C項(xiàng)“它們可以為它們所處的地區(qū)提供真正的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段“high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce高科技制造企業(yè)只雇傭了一小部分受過(guò)專門訓(xùn)練的制造勞動(dòng)力”，以及第三段“indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship本土產(chǎn)業(yè)和人才被留在國(guó)內(nèi)，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)既提供就業(yè)又促進(jìn)進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)業(yè)的環(huán)境”。可知作者是對(duì)本土的企業(yè)持有比較樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段“thisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs這種辦法比奪走其他地理地區(qū)的工作而使其受害要好”可知與B項(xiàng)“它不會(huì)犧牲一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)貏趧?dòng)力的利益而使另一個(gè)勞動(dòng)力受益?！毕喾?。

4.主旨大意題。文章主要目的在于通過(guò)講解三種不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展策略，告訴讀者哪種發(fā)展策略優(yōu)勢(shì)比較明顯，同時(shí)三種發(fā)展策略對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)有哪些好的促進(jìn)作用。故D項(xiàng)“審查和評(píng)估用于刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略和方案?！狈项}意。

12.單選題

BillClintonprojectedan（

）personalityinthe1992campaign,butthatwasnothisonlyadvantageoverBushandanindependentcandidate,RossPerot.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.informal

B.exaggerative

C.affluent

D.effervescent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。informal“非正式的”；exaggerative“夸張的”；affluent“富裕的；流暢的”；effervescent“活躍的”。句意：比爾?克林頓（美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)）在1992年的競(jìng)選中表現(xiàn)出活躍的個(gè)性，但這不是他相對(duì)于布什和獨(dú)立候選人羅斯?佩羅的唯一優(yōu)勢(shì)。只有D項(xiàng)可以形容personality。

13.單選題

Thepublishingworldwouldbebadlyhitifpoliticiansdidnot（

）theirdiariesfromtimetotimeshowingjusthowtheyreactedatthetimetoparticularworldevents.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.partwith

B.bringforth

C.layout

D.turnto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)partwith“與······分開；舍棄”；B選項(xiàng)bringforth“產(chǎn)生；發(fā)表”；C選項(xiàng)layout“展示；安排”；D選項(xiàng)turnto“轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于；致力于”。句意：如果政客們沒(méi)有不時(shí)······當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)世界大事的反應(yīng)，那么出版界將受到嚴(yán)重打擊。由句意可知，出版界的新聞來(lái)源之一與“政客對(duì)世界大事的反應(yīng)”有關(guān)，“發(fā)表意見(jiàn)”符合語(yǔ)境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

However,thevillagersdidnot（

）themthebestoutofthingstoentertainusinthemostsinceresmiletogreetthearrivalofus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.jealous

B.stingy

C.reluctant

D.begrudge

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞形容詞辨析。jealous妒忌的；stingy吝嗇的；reluctant不情愿的，勉強(qiáng)的；begrudge羨慕，吝惜。句意：然而，村民卻毫不吝惜地拿出他們最好的東西來(lái)招待我們，以最真誠(chéng)的笑容迎接我們的到來(lái)。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Inmostdevelopedcountries,menhavehighersalaries,onaverage,thanwomen.Muchofthesalarydifferentialresultsfromthetendencyofwomentobeinlower-payingoccupations.Thequestionofwhetherthisoccupationalemploymentpatterncanbeattributedtosexdiscriminationisacomplexone.Infact,wagedifferentialsamongoccupationsarethenormratherthantheexception.SuccessfulathletescommonlyearnmorethanNoblePrize-winningacademics;giftedartistsoftencannotearnenoughtosurvive,whilemediocreinvestmentbankersprosper.Givensuchdifferences,thequestionnaturallyarises:talentandabilitybeingequal,whydoesanyone—manorwoman—enteralow-payingoccupation?Oneobviousanswerispersonalchoice.Anindividualmayprefer,forexample,toteachmathatamodestsalaryratherthantobecomeamorehighlypaidelectricalengineer.

Somepeoplearguethatpersonalchoicealsoexplainssex-relatedwagedifferentials.Accordingtothisexplanation,manywomen,becausetheyplaceahighpriorityonparentingandperforminghouseholdservices,choosecertaincareersinwhichtheyarefreetoenterandleavetheworkforcewithminimumpenalty.Theymaychoosetoacquireskills,suchastypingandsalesclerking,thatdonotdepreciaterapidlywithtemporaryabsencesfromtheworkforce.Theymayavoidoccupationalspecialtiesthatrequireextensivetrainingperiods,longandunpredictablehours,andwillingnesstorelocate,allofwhichmakespecializationindomesticactivitiesproblematic.Bychoosingtoinvestlessindevelopingtheircareerpotentialandtoexpendlesseffortoutsidethehome,womenmust,accordingtothisexplanation,payapriceintheformoflowersalaries.Butwomencannotbeconsideredthevictimsofdiscriminationbecausetheypreferthelower-payingoccupationstohigher-payingones.

Analternativeexplanationforsex-relatedwagedifferentialsisthatwomendonotvoluntarilychooselower-payingoccupationsbutareforcedintothembyemployersandsocialprejudices.Accordingtoproponentsofthisview,employerswhodiscriminatemayrefusetohirequalifiedwomenforrelativelyhigh-payingoccupations.Moregenerally,subtlesociety-wideprejudicesmayinducewomentoavoidcertainoccupationsinfavorofothersthatareconsideredmoresuitable.Indeed,the“choice”ofwomentospecializeinparentingandperforminghouseholdservicesmayitselfresultfromthesesubtleprejudices.Whetherthediscriminationisbyemployersinaparticularoccupationorbysocietyasawholeisirrelevant;theeffectwillbethesame.Further,ifsuchdiscriminationdoesoccur,womenexcludedfromcertainoccupationswillfloodothers,andthisincreaseinsupplywillhaveadepressingeffectonw