住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Itwasno________thathiscarwasseennearthebankatthetimeoftherobbery.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.coincidence

B.convention

C.certainty

D.complication

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“巧合，一致發(fā)生”；B選項(xiàng)“大會(huì)，公約”；C選項(xiàng)“確認(rèn)”；D選項(xiàng)“并發(fā)癥，復(fù)雜”。句意：在銀行被搶的時(shí)候他的車被看到停在附近，這絕對(duì)不是（）。根據(jù)句意，這個(gè)人在推測(cè)為什么正好在銀行被搶的時(shí)候在附近看到了他的車，會(huì)不會(huì)也太巧了。這里結(jié)合選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該選A。

2.單選題

Themeeting’sbeencancelled.Ann（

）allthatwork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.needtodo

B.needhave

C.needn’thavedone

D.needednottodo

【答案】C

【解析】考查need的用法。句意：會(huì)議被取消了。安娜（）所有工作。前面分句中的時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，所以這里的主句也是用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“需要”或“必須”，沒(méi)有性和數(shù)的變化，通常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，A、B、C選項(xiàng)都不符合題意，所以答案選C選項(xiàng)，needn’thavedone是做了不需要做的事情。翻譯：會(huì)議已經(jīng)被取消了，Ann做了不需要做的工作。

3.單選題

Anyonewithhalfaneyeontheunemploymentfiguresknewthattheassertionabouteconomicrecovery________justaroundthecornerwasuntrue.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldbe

B.tobe

C.was

D.being

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：任何人只要清楚失業(yè)人數(shù)就知道關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)即將恢復(fù)的斷言是不真實(shí)的。分析句子成分主句是anyoneknew...，that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是assertionwasuntrue，about后面的成分用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明assertion。因?yàn)閍bout后面沒(méi)有從句連接詞，所以我們要用非謂語(yǔ)形式，否則會(huì)造成一個(gè)從句里面沒(méi)有連接詞卻有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，這樣不符合語(yǔ)法，因而A，C錯(cuò)誤；關(guān)鍵詞aroundthecorner“即將來(lái)臨”，我們要選現(xiàn)在分詞，表即將到來(lái)的事情。不定式表將要到的事情，但“將來(lái)”什么時(shí)候來(lái)并不清楚。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Whathappensifpeopledonottakeintoaccountthecultureofthecountriestheyaredealingwith?Herearesomeexamples.

Mr.Byrdwashiredbyawell-knownAmericancorporationtobeits“maninRiyadh”,SaudiArabia.HewenttothehomeofaSaudi,Mr.Fouad,totrytointeresthiminparticipatinginalocaljointventurewithhiscompany.Asthiswasafirstmeeting,themen’sconversationbeganwith“Howareyoudoing?How’syourfamily?Andhowisyourfather?”thatmadeMr.Byrdalittleimpatient.Mr.Byrd,familiarwiththeseobligatoryformalitiesofgreeting,answered“Fine,myfather,yes,well,heisfine.IsawhimafewmonthsagoduringChristmaswhenwetookhimoutofthenursinghomeforafewdays.”

Fromthatpointeverythingfrozeup.Mr.Byrd’smissionwascompletelyderailedbecausewhileMr.Fouadremainedgraciousenough,hewasobviouslyuninterestedindoinganybusinesswithMr.Byrd.

TheAmericanwasatalossanddidn’tknowwhathe’ddonewrong.Infacttheproblemwithhimisthathedidnotunderstandthefamilycultureinthispartoftheworld.ItwouldhavebeeninconceivablefortheSauditohaveplacedhisfatherinthecareofstrangers.Mr.FouadthusfeltthathecouldnottrustMr.Byrdasabusinesspartner.

Anotherexample,JimTurnerwasattendingaconferenceinLyon.ThiswasnothisfirsttriptoFrance,andhewaspleasedsomeoftheFrenchcolleagueshe’dmetpreviouslyrememberedhim.Oneeveningtheyinvitedhimalongfordinner.Shortlyafterthefoodwasserved,theybeganjokingaboutthequalityofthefood.Thatsurprisedhim.Hethoughtthefoodwasreallyrathergoodandsaidso,expectingthediscussiontocontinue.Buttohisgreatdiscomfort,theythenmadesomejokeabout“foodandAmericans”andchangedthesubject.Hefeltsomewhatexcludedanddidn’tknowwhathe’ddonewrong.

Interpretation:TheFrenchtakegreatprideintheirfoodandwineandforeignersshouldbeveryprudentaboutpassingjudgmentonthequalityofthefood.Inthiscase,theFrenchmenobviouslythoughtthatthefoodattherestaurantdidnotwarrantsuchpraise,andintheirview,theAmericanrevealedhislackoftaste.

1.Mr.ByrdtriedtopersuadeMr.Fouadto________.

2.TheconversationbetweenMr.ByrdandMr.Fouad________.

3.Mr.Byrd’sproblemliesinthathe________.

4.JimTurnerpraisedthefoodbecause________.

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethatwhendoingbusinessabroad________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.joinhiscompanyasthelegaladviser

B.investinhiscompanyasalocalpartner

C.workinhiscompanyasthelocalmanager

D.cooperatewithhiscompanyasthelocaldealer

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.beganwithsmalltalk

B.wentdirectlytobusiness

C.deepenedtheirfriendship

D.endedupinaquarrel

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.wasnotfamiliarwithSaudiArabianwayoftalking

B.wasnotgoodattheartoftalkingwithastranger

C.didnotknowMr.Fouad’spersonalityandinterests

D.didnotrealizetheimportanceoffamilyinSaudiArabia

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.hetriedtopleasethehosts

B.itwassociallynecessary

C.hetrulyenjoyedthefood

D.itwaspartofthetablemanners

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.sincerityisthekeytosuccess

B.itisessentialtounderstandculturaldifferences

C.oneshouldbecarefulinmakingjudgment

D.itisnecessarytocreateawin-winsituation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干人名Mr.Byrd和Mr.Fouad定位到文章第二段第二句HewenttothehomeofaSaudi,Mr.Fouad,totrytointeresthiminparticipatinginalocaljointventurewithhiscompany.（他（指Mr.Byrd）到一個(gè)叫Mr.Fouad的沙特人的家里，試圖吸引他，讓他對(duì)與自己公司一起在當(dāng)?shù)亟⒁患液腺Y公司產(chǎn)生興趣）。由此可知Mr.Byrd去的目的是讓Mr.Fouad成為自己公司的地區(qū)合伙人，所以答案選B選項(xiàng)“投資自己公司成為地區(qū)合伙人”，而不是A選項(xiàng)“做該公司地區(qū)法律顧問(wèn)”，C選項(xiàng)“成為該公司地區(qū)經(jīng)理”或者D選項(xiàng)“與他合作，說(shuō)服他成為地區(qū)經(jīng)銷商”。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由conversation我們可以對(duì)應(yīng)到文中提到的兩個(gè)人之間的談話內(nèi)容，即第二段第三句Asthiswasafirstmeeting,themen’sconversationbeganwith“Howareyoudoing?How’syourfamily?Andhowisyourfather?”thatmadeMr.Byrdalittleimpatient.（在第一次會(huì)面的時(shí)候，兩人之間的談話是以“你最近怎么樣？你家人怎么樣？你爸爸近來(lái)可好？”，這些對(duì)話使得拜德先生變得有點(diǎn)不耐煩。）從這句話可知，兩人的對(duì)話沒(méi)有開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山直接談生意而是從一些日常小事開(kāi)始的，所以B選項(xiàng)“直入主題”錯(cuò)誤，A選項(xiàng)“從無(wú)關(guān)緊要的對(duì)話開(kāi)始”正確。我們?cè)俣ㄎ坏降谌蔚诙湓扢r.Byrd’smissionwascompletelyderailedbecausewhileMr.Fouadremainedgraciousenough,hewasobviouslyuninterestedindoinganybusinesswithMr.Byrd.（拜德先生的任務(wù)完全失敗了因?yàn)楸M管福德先生仍然保持著風(fēng)度，但是很顯然他對(duì)和拜德先生做生意這件事已經(jīng)沒(méi)有任何興趣了）。從這句話我們可以知道這次談話失敗了，福德先生對(duì)拜德先生不是很滿意，所以并沒(méi)有增加他們之間的友誼，因而C選項(xiàng)“加深了他們之間的友誼”排除，而且從remaingracious這個(gè)短語(yǔ)來(lái)看，福德先生保持著風(fēng)度的，所以D選項(xiàng)“以爭(zhēng)吵結(jié)束”錯(cuò)誤。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干我們定位到第三段第三、四句話TheAmericanwasatalossanddidn’tknowwhathe’ddonewrong.Infacttheproblemwithhimisthathedidnotunderstandthefamilycultureinthispartoftheworld.（這個(gè)美國(guó)人非常迷茫，不知道那里做錯(cuò)了。事實(shí)上問(wèn)題在于他并不理解這個(gè)地區(qū)的家庭文化），由此我們答案選D選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有意識(shí)到家庭對(duì)于沙特人的重要性”。A選項(xiàng)“不熟悉沙特阿拉伯人的談話方式”；B選項(xiàng)“不善于和陌生人談話”；C選項(xiàng)“不知道福德先生的性格和興趣”；這三點(diǎn)文章中都沒(méi)有提及，所以答案選D。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干我們可以定位到第四段第六句話Hethoughtthefoodwasreallyrathergoodandsaidso（他覺(jué)得食物非常不錯(cuò)而且也是這樣說(shuō)的），由此可知Jim夸贊食物的原因是因?yàn)樗嫘挠X(jué)得好吃，并不是A選項(xiàng)“為了取悅主人”；B選項(xiàng)“為了社交需求”；D選項(xiàng)“或者是出于餐桌禮儀”。所以答案應(yīng)該選C選項(xiàng)“他真的覺(jué)得食物好吃”。

第5題:主旨大意題。從conclude（總結(jié)）這個(gè)詞可知，這道題是選貼近文章主題的。A選項(xiàng)“真誠(chéng)是成功的關(guān)鍵”，B選項(xiàng)“了解文化差異是必要的”，C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎地作出判斷”，D選項(xiàng)“營(yíng)造雙贏環(huán)境是非常必要的”。整篇文章主要是講了兩個(gè)例子，都是關(guān)于主人公因?yàn)闆](méi)有注意到文化差異，一個(gè)造成生意沒(méi)談成，一個(gè)造成不能融入集體。和真誠(chéng)、謹(jǐn)慎，還有雙贏這三個(gè)話題沒(méi)有關(guān)系，所以答案要選擇B。

5.單選題

（

）inanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thegirl’sbeingeducated

B.Thegirltobeeducated

C.Thegirlbeingeducated

D.Thegirlhavingbeeneducated

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)。題干的中inanatmosphereofsimpleliving作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句作從句的賓語(yǔ)，題干中是缺主語(yǔ)。B、C、D的主語(yǔ)都是thegirl，句子意思是在單純環(huán)境下接受教育的女孩是父母想要的，但是句子的本意應(yīng)該是女孩生活在單純的環(huán)境下接受教育是父母想要的，所以答案只能選A。

6.單選題

Bythetimeyouhavecompletedtheessentialtraining,you________exposedtovirtuallyeverynewfeatureofthecourse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhavebeen

B.willbe

C.wouldhavebeen

D.wouldbe

【答案】A

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。A將來(lái)完成時(shí)，表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，并將繼續(xù)完成的動(dòng)作；B一般將來(lái)時(shí)，將來(lái)可能發(fā)生的事情；C過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去觀點(diǎn)看將來(lái)某時(shí)某動(dòng)作已完成；D過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。前面是由bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，且是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主將從現(xiàn)的原則，所以答案選A。

7.翻譯題

Inthedeliveryofahighstandardofmedicalcare,thesafetyofthepatientisparamount.Itseemsthatmedicalblundersareemergingalmostonadailybasis.Butweneedtokeepasenseofperspective.

Whilesuchincidentsareworrying,theyshouldnotnecessarilybeseenasasignthatthingsaregettingworseandthatpatientsarebeingexposedtoincreasingrisks.Theymaysimplyhavebeencomingtolightmorefrequently.Ifso,thatisgood.Thehospitalparthasrightlypromisedtoseethattheyarealwaysbroughttopublicattentionfromnowon.Promptdisclosureofpossibledefectsinthehealthcaresystemandtransparentactiontoremedythemcanonlyhaveapositiveeffectonthestandardofcareinthelongrun.

【答案】在提供高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的醫(yī)療服務(wù)時(shí)，病人的安全是最重要的。醫(yī)療事故似乎每天都在發(fā)生。但我們需要保持一種洞察力。

雖然這類事件令人擔(dān)憂，但它們并不一定意味著情況正在惡化，或者病人暴露在面臨越來(lái)越多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中。它們可能只是被曝光得更頻繁了。如果是這樣，那很好。醫(yī)院方面恰當(dāng)?shù)爻兄Z，從現(xiàn)在起一定要讓公眾注意到他們。及時(shí)披露醫(yī)療體系中可能存在的缺陷，并采取透明行動(dòng)加以補(bǔ)救，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，只會(huì)對(duì)醫(yī)療標(biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)生積極的影響。

8.單選題

TomMacaulay,beingadiligentyoungman,neverrefusesto________moreworkthathisbossassignedtohim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeup

B.takein

C.takeoff

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)takeup“占據(jù)”；B選項(xiàng)takein“吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)takeoff“脫下，起飛”；D選項(xiàng)takeon“承擔(dān)，承受”。句意：TomMacaulay作為一名勤奮的年輕人，從來(lái)不拒絕（）他老板派發(fā)給他的工作。派發(fā)的工作是要承擔(dān)的，因而答案選D最為合適。

9.單選題

IcanspeakFrenchalittlebut（

）you.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notasgoodas

B.notsowellthan

C.notsobetteras

D.notsowellas

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析。句意：我會(huì)講一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)法語(yǔ)但是（）你。這里屬于同級(jí)比較，所以排除B，C。這里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是speak，所以要用副詞well修飾，答案選D。在否定句里，good的同級(jí)比較是sogoodas，所以A不能選。

10.單選題

Thechairmanoftheboard________onmetheunpleasantjobofdismissinggoodworkersthefirmcannolongeraffordtoemploy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compelled

B.posed

C.pressed

D.tempted

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“迫使，強(qiáng)迫”；B選項(xiàng)“形成，擺姿勢(shì)”；C選項(xiàng)“壓迫”；D選項(xiàng)“引誘，吸引”。句意：董事會(huì)主席（）我干一件不愉快的工作，就是解雇公司負(fù)擔(dān)不起的優(yōu)秀員工。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞unpleasantjob，這里選擇“強(qiáng)迫”更加符合語(yǔ)境，可以排除B，D；compel一般和to搭配，而且后面接的賓語(yǔ)一般指人，指物的話需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。presssthonsb“勉強(qiáng)某人接受”，這句話中press后面接的賓語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)，放在句子中間會(huì)造成頭重腳輕，所以把賓語(yǔ)后置了。

11.翻譯題

Muchofthediscussionofenvironmentalproblemsinthepopularpressleavesthereaderwiththeimpressionthatmattershavebeengrowingsteadilyworse,andthatpollutionislargelyaproductoftheprofitsystemandmodernindustrialization.Thereareenvironmentalproblemstodaythatarebothenormousandpressing,butinfactpollutionisnothingnew.Medievalcitieswerepestholes—thestreetsandriverswerelitteredwithgarbageandtheairstankofrottingwastes.Atthebeginningoftheeighteenthcentury,aGermantravelerreportedthattogetaviewofLondonfromthetowerofSt.Paul’sCathedral,onehadtogetthereveryearlyinthemorningbeforetheairwasfullofcoalsmoke.Thepotentialdamagethatweareinflictingonourselvesandonoursurroundingsisveryrealandsubstantial.

【答案】大眾報(bào)紙上關(guān)于環(huán)境問(wèn)題的許多討論給讀者留下這樣的印象：情況一直在不斷惡化，污染很大程度上是利潤(rùn)制度和現(xiàn)代工業(yè)化的產(chǎn)物。今天的環(huán)境問(wèn)題是巨大的和緊迫的，但事實(shí)上污染不是什么新鮮事。中世紀(jì)的城市就像瘟疫區(qū)——街道和河流上到處都是垃圾，空氣中彌漫著腐爛廢物的臭味。18世紀(jì)初，一位德國(guó)旅行者報(bào)告說(shuō)，要想從圣保羅大教堂的塔上一覽倫敦的風(fēng)光，必須一大早趕到那里，趕在空氣中彌漫著煤煙之前。我們對(duì)自己和周圍環(huán)境造成的潛在傷害是非常真實(shí)和實(shí)質(zhì)性的。

12.單選題

Crushediceisoftenappliedtoinjuries________thereisswelling,toremoveexcessheatgeneratedinthetissues.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthat

B.forthat

C.where

D.which

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：碎冰通常用于腫脹的傷口，以清除組織中產(chǎn)生的多余熱量。從句意來(lái)看，從句是為了修飾injuries“傷口”這個(gè)名詞，所以后面是定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句中that前面不能接介詞，所以排除A，B；which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)，而從句不缺成分，所以排除D，答案選C。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Watermakesupnearlythree-quartersoftheEarth’ssurface,butitdoesmorethanjustcoverourplanet—italsoplaysavitalroleinshapingit.

ConsidertheGrandCanyon.Measuring277mileslong,18mileswideandmorethan1miledeep,itisconsideredoneoftheSevenNaturalWondersoftheWorldandattractsmorethan5millionvisitorsperyear.ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.

Weatheringistheprocessbywhichmovingwaterbreaksdownsoil,rockandminerals,anderosionistheprocessbywhichtheflowingwatertransportssoilandrockfromonespotanddepositsitelsewhere.Thetwoprocessesoftenoccurinconjunction.

Weatheringanderosionareveryslowprocesses.GeologistsbelievetheColoradoRiverhasbeenflowingthroughtheGrandCanyonforatleast17millionyears,andithasbeengraduallyshapingthecanyonthisentiretime.TheflowingwateroftheriveranditstributarieshascarvedawayattherockoftheColoradoPlateau,creatingthesightwearefamiliarwithtoday.

Cavesandcavernsareanotherexampleofweatheringanderosion.Limestonecaves,suchastheCarlsbadCavernsinNewMexico,areformedwhenrainwatermixeswithcarbondioxideinthegroundandwearsawayatthelimestone.Seacaves,whichcanbefoundalongcoastlines,areformedwhenpowerfulwavescrashagainsttheshoreandbreakawaychunksofrock.Icecavesareformedwhenglaciersmeltandtheicemeltflowsacrossthegroundasastream.

Youdon’thavetotravelveryfartoseetheeffectsofweatheringanderosionforyourself,though.Ifyou’veeverbeentothebeach,you’vealreadyseenevidenceofhowpowerfulofaforcemovingwatercanbe—andallyouhadtodowaslookdown.Thesandcoveringthebeachisactuallytheresultofrocksbeingbrokendownintotinypiecesandthenwashedashorebythewaves.

AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.Whenhillsidesormountainsidesaregraduallywornaway,theycanbecomeunstableandbreakdown,especiallywhentriggeredbyextremeweathersuchasfloods,heavyrainorsnow.Everyyear,landslidescausemassiveamountsofpropertydamageandcasualties.

1.WhataretheprocessesbywhichwatercanshapetheEarth?

2.Whatdoestheauthordescribeinthepassage?

3.HowdoestheauthorpresenttheGrandCanyon?

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormentionslandslidestomakethepointthaterosion________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Deforestationandclimatechange.

B.Weatheringanderosion.

C.Soilproductivityandfertilization.

D.Deepplowingandcroprotation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thepositiveeffectsofindustrialization.

B.ThetourismindustryaroundtheGrandCanyon.

C.Thehistoryofclimatechange.

D.Thewaysthatmovingwatercanshapeandchangetheland.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Aseffectsoflandslides.

B.Asgeologicalmysteries.

C.Asnegativeeffectsoferosion.

D.Aspositiveeffectsoferosion.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isoftenbeneficial

B.isaveryslowprocess

C.canhaveharmfuleffects

D.canhelpshapecavesandcaverns

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“荒漠化和環(huán)境變化”；B選項(xiàng)“風(fēng)化和侵蝕”；C選項(xiàng)“土地生產(chǎn)率和肥料”；D選項(xiàng)“深耕和輪耕”。根據(jù)題干的watercanshapeearth，我們定位到第二段最后一句ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.（這種物理奇跡是科羅拉多的水通過(guò)侵蝕和腐蝕而創(chuàng)作出來(lái)的。）答案選B，其他選項(xiàng)與題無(wú)關(guān)。

第2題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)化的積極影響”；B選項(xiàng)“科羅拉多大峽谷周圍的旅游業(yè)”；C選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境變化的歷史”；D選項(xiàng)“流水改變大地的方式”；整篇文章沒(méi)有提及工業(yè)化和環(huán)境變化，A，C排除；文章只是用科羅拉多峽谷的變化來(lái)引入主題，沒(méi)有提及峽谷周圍的旅游業(yè)，所以B選項(xiàng)排除；文章第一句話點(diǎn)出主題后，后面都是談的水對(duì)地形的變化，所以正確答案選D。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思“作者怎么展現(xiàn)大峽谷的？”；A選項(xiàng)“滑坡影響”；B選項(xiàng)“作為地理之謎”；C選項(xiàng)“侵蝕的消極影響”；D選項(xiàng)“侵蝕的積極影響”。根據(jù)題干的watercanshapeearth定位到第二段最后一句ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.（這種地理奇跡是科羅拉多的水通過(guò)侵蝕和腐蝕而創(chuàng)作出來(lái)的。）由此可以看出科羅拉多大峽谷是地理奇跡而不是地理之謎，排除A；然后定位到最后一段第一句AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.（雖然風(fēng)化和侵蝕造就了像沙灘和大峽谷這樣的美麗景觀，但也有很多負(fù)面的影響?；率乔治g所帶來(lái)的最危險(xiǎn)的副作用之一。）從這句可以看出大峽谷是水的侵蝕作用的積極影響，而滑坡是負(fù)面影響，所以排除A、C，答案選D。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思“最后一段，作者提到滑坡是為了證明：侵蝕（）”；A選項(xiàng)“總是有益的”；B選項(xiàng)“緩慢的過(guò)程”；C選項(xiàng)“有負(fù)面影響”；D選項(xiàng)“能幫助形成洞穴和峽谷”。根據(jù)題干，我們定位到最后一段，最后一段第一句話是主旨句AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.（雖然風(fēng)化和侵蝕造就了像沙灘和大峽谷這樣的美麗景觀，但也有很多負(fù)面的影響?；率乔治g所帶來(lái)的最危險(xiǎn)的副作用之一。）從although這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞可以看出來(lái)，整篇文章是要講侵蝕的不好的方面了，所以答案C正確。A，B，D選項(xiàng)雖然在前文中都說(shuō)到了，但是根據(jù)題干Inthelastparagraph，答案只能選C。

14.單選題

BythetimehearrivesinBeijing,（

）herefortwodays.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wehadstayed

B.wewillhavestayed

C.wewouldhavestayed

D.Wehavestayed

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在他到北京來(lái)的時(shí)候，我們將已經(jīng)來(lái)了兩天了。bythetime“在……時(shí)候”，這里引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則。而從句在這里是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以主句要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，所以答案選B。

15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.Notthatitissolely,orchiefly,toformgreatthinkersthatfreedomofthinkingisrequired.Onthecontrary,itisasmuchorevenmoreindispensabletoenableaveragehumanbeingstoattainthementalstaturewhichtheyarecapableof.Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed:wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithhermind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem:whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform;shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof:elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpeopleareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow;theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwhoholdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewith?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheAgeofReason

B.TheNeedforIndependentThinking

C.TheValueofRefutation

D.StirringPeople’sMinds

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted

B.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination

C.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees

D.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.acceptanceoftruth

B.controversyoverprinciples

C.inordinateenthusiasm

D.adreadofheterodoxspeculation

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.enslavedbytradition

B.lessthanfullyrational

C.determinedoncontroversy

D.havingaclosedmind

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes

B.Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection

C.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers

D.Excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)，文章由問(wèn)句導(dǎo)入引出文章主題“思考者的首要職責(zé)是跟隨自己的思維能力達(dá)成其可能帶來(lái)的結(jié)論，沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)的人不可能是一位偉大的思考者”，然后指出“思考者需要獨(dú)立思考”的觀點(diǎn)以及后續(xù)段落圍繞“獨(dú)立思考的重要性”進(jìn)行論述，可推知B項(xiàng)“對(duì)獨(dú)立思考的需要”正確。

A選項(xiàng)“理性時(shí)代”，文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點(diǎn)，這是獨(dú)立思考帶來(lái)的好處，屬于以偏概全。

C選項(xiàng)“反駁的價(jià)值”，文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點(diǎn)，這是獨(dú)立思考帶來(lái)的好處，屬于以偏概全。

D選項(xiàng)“激動(dòng)人心的人們的思想”，文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點(diǎn)，這是獨(dú)立思考帶來(lái)的好處，屬于以偏概全。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章第二段第一二三句話Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.（只知道自己一方（觀點(diǎn)）的人對(duì)這個(gè)知之甚少。她的（辯護(hù)）理由也許很好，沒(méi)人能反駁。但是如果她同樣不能反駁對(duì)方的理由；如果她連它們（對(duì)方的論點(diǎn)）是什么都不知道，她就沒(méi)有理由偏愛(ài)任何一種觀點(diǎn)），由此可知答案選C選項(xiàng)“要熟悉贊成某人不同意的觀點(diǎn)的論點(diǎn)”。

A選項(xiàng)“有無(wú)法反駁的觀點(diǎn)”，見(jiàn)正確答案解析，這里屬于反向干擾。

B選項(xiàng)“選擇自己最喜歡的觀點(diǎn)”，見(jiàn)正確答案解析，這里屬于反向干擾。

D選項(xiàng)“暫停異端的推測(cè)，支持教條主義的方法”，定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.（任何異端猜測(cè)在那一段時(shí)間內(nèi)停止，在任何策略會(huì)議中其原則是不能爭(zhēng)議的，在任何討論中，那些能主導(dǎo)人性的討論被認(rèn)為是停止了的，我們都別想找到通常高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)就是讓某些時(shí)間段的歷史被人們記住的原因），停止了異端猜測(cè)反而會(huì)導(dǎo)致思想停滯不前，這里屬于反向干擾，不選。

第3題:推理判斷題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.（任何異端猜測(cè)在那一段時(shí)間內(nèi)停止，在任何策略會(huì)議中其原則是不能爭(zhēng)議的，在任何討論中，那些能主導(dǎo)人性的討論被認(rèn)為是停止了的，我們都別想找到通常高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)就是讓某些時(shí)間段的歷史被人們記住的原因），從這里可知是異端猜測(cè)暫停會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們進(jìn)入不了偉大的時(shí)代，也就是說(shuō)異端學(xué)說(shuō)活躍才導(dǎo)致思想活躍才會(huì)把人們帶入到偉大時(shí)代，而文藝復(fù)興是思想活躍的時(shí)期，所以我們會(huì)經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)B選項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)議原則”。

A選項(xiàng)“接受真理”，文中沒(méi)有提及屬于無(wú)中生有，所以不選。

C選項(xiàng)“過(guò)度的熱情”，文中沒(méi)有提及屬于無(wú)中生有，所以不選。

D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)異端猜測(cè)的恐懼”，見(jiàn)正確解析，這里屬于反向干擾。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。C選項(xiàng)文章沒(méi)有提及屬于無(wú)中生有，所以答案選C；

A選項(xiàng)“被傳統(tǒng)奴役”定位到第二段第四句Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.（對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，理性的立場(chǎng)是停止判斷，除非她滿足于這一點(diǎn)，否則她要么被權(quán)威人士所左右，要么像世界上大多數(shù)人一樣，站在她覺(jué)得最傾向的一邊），由此可知A選項(xiàng)正確；

B選項(xiàng)“不完全理性”，定位到第二段第三句話…ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeither（……如果她連它們是什么都不知道，她就沒(méi)有理由偏愛(ài)任何一種觀點(diǎn)），由此可知B選項(xiàng)正確；

D選項(xiàng)“封閉的思想”，定位到第二段第六句Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithhermind.（這不是公正對(duì)待這些論點(diǎn)的方法，也不是讓它們與她的思想真正接觸的方法），從這里作者委婉地表達(dá)出像題干那樣做的人思想是封閉的，并沒(méi)有真正的接觸到反方思想，由此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.（任何異端猜測(cè)在那一段時(shí)間內(nèi)停止，在任何策略會(huì)議中其原則是不能爭(zhēng)議的，在任何討論中，那些能主導(dǎo)人性的討論被認(rèn)為是停止了的，我們都別想找到通常高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)就是讓某些時(shí)間段的歷史被人們記住的原因），第二步，綜合理解，從這里可知那些沒(méi)有異端邪說(shuō)的時(shí)代很難孕育出偉大的思想，反推就是偉大的時(shí)代存在異端學(xué)說(shuō)，所以B選項(xiàng)正確；

A選項(xiàng)“真正偉大的思想家是不會(huì)犯錯(cuò)的”定位到第一段第二句Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.（即使一個(gè)經(jīng)過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)習(xí)和準(zhǔn)備，自己思考的人犯錯(cuò)誤，也比那些僅僅因?yàn)椴蛔屪约核伎级钟姓_意見(jiàn)的人更能獲得真理），思想家不是不犯錯(cuò)誤是那些經(jīng)過(guò)自己思考的人即使想錯(cuò)了也比那些不經(jīng)思考的更能夠成為思想家的，由此可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)已被接受的觀點(diǎn)的反駁最好由自己的老師提供”，定位到第二段第五句話Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.（她也不應(yīng)該僅僅從她自己的老師那里聽(tīng)到對(duì)手的論點(diǎn)，就像他們陳述的那樣，并伴隨著他們提出的反駁。），作者并不贊同被動(dòng)地從老師那接受思想并且附和老師觀點(diǎn)，這樣思想是得不到提高的，由此可知C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“過(guò)多的爭(zhēng)論會(huì)妨礙清晰的思考”，定位到第一段最后一句話Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.（當(dāng)爭(zhēng)論回避那些足以點(diǎn)燃人們熱情的大而重要的課題時(shí)，一個(gè)民族的思想就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)從它的基礎(chǔ)和沖動(dòng)中被激發(fā)出來(lái)，這種沖動(dòng)甚至把最普通的智力的人提高到有思想的人的尊嚴(yán)的程度），要想民族的思想激發(fā)出來(lái)就不能回避爭(zhēng)論，由此可知選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾。

16.單選題

________arepoorobserversoftheirchild’sbehavior,sodeviantbehaviorreachesunmanageableproportions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Parentsthat

B.Parents

C.Whenparents

D.Ifparents

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞。句意：因?yàn)楦改覆簧朴谟^察孩子的行為，所以離譜的行為將會(huì)到達(dá)一個(gè)難以掌控的比例。這個(gè)句子關(guān)鍵詞是連詞so，我們要連接兩個(gè)完整的句子，所以答案選B；其他選項(xiàng)與題干結(jié)合都是把前面一半句當(dāng)成從句看待，從句不能算是真正意義上的句子只能在句子中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分，所以A，C，D選項(xiàng)不能選。

17.單選題

Theworkhas________thestatusofaclassicamongthecomposer’sadmirers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.required

B.acquired

C.inquired

D.inspired

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)required“要求”；B選項(xiàng)acquired“獲得，取得”；C選項(xiàng)inquired“詢問(wèn)，問(wèn)明”；D選項(xiàng)inspired“激發(fā)，鼓舞”。句意：這個(gè)作品在作曲者的追隨者中（）經(jīng)典的地位，作品和追隨者心目中的地位是需要獲得的，所以B選項(xiàng)acquire最合適。

18.單選題

Aburningmatchappliedtopaperwillmakeit（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heatup

B.catchfire

C.disintegrate

D.glow

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“加熱”；B選項(xiàng)“著火”；C選項(xiàng)“分解”；D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)光，發(fā)紅”。句意：燃燒的火柴放在紙上會(huì)讓紙（）。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)，燃燒的物品放在紙上肯定是會(huì)讓紙燃燒的，所以答案選B。

19.單選題

Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigitalinformationthan________intraditionalmedia.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exist

B.exists

C.existing

D.toexist

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。than可以做定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞。在此用法中than既充當(dāng)比較作用，又充當(dāng)代詞作用，代替前面的theuseandcopyingofdigitalinformation，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原型，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。句意：這些提案尋求在數(shù)字信息的使用和復(fù)制上給予比在傳統(tǒng)媒體的使用和復(fù)制上更多的限制。

20.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Itis,perhaps,significantthatalongwiththeincreaseinviolencecomesaproportionalincreaseinmethodsofself-defense.CurrentlythemostpopularofthevariousmodishartsthathasdescendedontheWestfromtheoppositepointofthecompassisKungFu.

Asusual,whentheWestglamorizessomethingforcommercialpurposes,thewholeweightofthecommunicationmediahasbeenthrownintoitsvulgarization,withtheresultthatwearetreatedtoanewsetoftelevisionandcinemawondersdispensingsubtleandkillingblowstotheaccompanimentofsententiousepigramsinmusic-hallChinese.Thismakeslightofwhatisnotonlyacraftbutadistinctwayoflife.

KungFuisChineseboxingandprobablyfirstsawlifeasadevelopmentfromBuddhistmeditationalexercises.Atanyratethereispictorialevidencedatingback2000yearsshowingstudentsengagedintempleboxing.Thenameitselfmeansnothingbut“trainedman”andincludesarangeofcombatformsalotofwhicharebasedonthewaysthatanimalsfight,givingrisetotheanimalnamesfortheseveralstyles.

Initstrueformthereisnoneofthechicanerythatwe