INTERNALCONTROLANDCASH內(nèi)部控制制和現(xiàn)金金Defineinternalcontrol.Principlesofinternalcontrol.Internalcontroltocashreceipts.Internalcontroltocashdisbursements.Operationofapettycashfund.Controlfeaturesofabankaccount.Prepareabankreconciliation.MainPointsInternalcontrolconsistsoftheplanoforganizationandalltherelatedmethodsandmeasuresadoptedwithinabusinessinorderto:1safeguarditsassetsand2enhancetheaccuracyandreliabilityofitsaccountingrecords.INTERNALCONTROL內(nèi)部控制Establishmentofresponsibility責任的建立立:controlismosteffectivewhenonlyonepersonisresponsibleforagiventask.Segregationofduties職責責的的分分離離:theworkofoneemployeeshouldprovideareliablebasisforevaluatingtheworkofanotheremployee.Documentationprocedures過程程證證據(jù)據(jù)化化:documentsshouldprovideevidencethattransactionsandeventshaveoccurred.PRINCIPLESOFINTERNALCONTROLPhysical,mechanical,andelectroniccontrols物理控制:relateprimarilytothesafeguardingofassetsandenhancingaccuracyandreliabilityoftheaccountingrecords.Independentinternalverification獨立的內(nèi)部驗驗證:thereview,comparison,andreconciliationofinformationfromtwosources.Othercontrols其他控制:bondingofemployeeswhohandlecash,rotating輪換employee’sduties,andrequiringemployeestotakevacations休假.PRINCIPLESOFINTERNALCONTROLSafes,andsafetydepositboxesforcashandbusinesspapersLockedwarehousesandstoragecabinetsforinventoriesandrecordsComputerfacilitieswithpasskeyaccessPHYSICALCONTROLSMECHANICALANDELECTRONICCONTROLSAlarmstopreventbreak-insTelevisionmonitorstodetertheftTimeclocksforrecordingtimeworkedToobtainmaximumbenefitfromindependentinternalverification:1Theverificationshouldbemadeperiodicallyoronasurprisebasis.2Theverificationshouldbedonebyanemployeewhoisindependentofthepersonnelresponsiblefortheinformation.3Exceptionsshouldbereportedtoamanagementlevelthatcan takeappropriatecorrectiveaction.INDEPENDENTINTERNALVERIFICATIONIndependentinternalverificationisoftenassignedtointernalauditors內(nèi)部審計師.Internalauditorsevaluatetheeffectivenessofthecompany’ssystemofinternalcontrolonacontinuousbasis.Internalauditingisaprofessionalactivitywithinacompany,oftenwithdirectaccesstotheboardofdirectors.INDEPENDENTINTERNALVERIFICATIONMakesmonthlycomparisons:reportsanyunreconcilabledifferencestotreasurerMaintainscashbalancesMaintainscustodyofperbookscashonhandIndependentInternalVerificationCOMPARISONOFSEGREGATIONOFDUTIESPRINCIPLEWITHINDEPENDENTINTERNALVERIFICATIONPRINCIPLEAccountingEmployeeAAssistantCashierBAssistantTreasurerCSegregationofDutiesCostsofestablishingcontrolproceduresshouldnotexceedtheirexpectedbenefitsaccordingtotheconceptofreasonableassurance.Thehumanelementisalsoanimportantfactor.AgoodsystemcanbecomeineffectivethroughemployeecarelessnessCollusion合謀mayresultwhentwoormoreindividualsworktogethertogetaroundprescribedcontrolsandmaysignificantlyimpairtheeffectivenessofasystem.LIMITATIONSOFINTERNALCONTROL內(nèi)部控制的限限制Cashincludescoins,currency,checks,moneyorders,andmoneyonhandorondepositatabankorsimilardepository.Internalcontrolovercashisimperativeinordertosafeguardcashandassuretheaccuracyoftheaccountingrecordsforcash.CASH現(xiàn)金Onlydesignatedpersonnelshouldbeauthorizedtohandleorhaveaccesstocashreceipts.Differentindividualsshould:1receivecash2recordcashreceipttransactions3havecustodyofcashINTERNALCONTROLOVERCASHRECEIPTS接受現(xiàn)金的內(nèi)內(nèi)部控制Documentsshouldinclude:remittanceadvices,cashregistertapes,depositslipsCashshouldbestoredinsafesandbankvaultsAccesstostorageareasshouldbelimitedtoauthorizedpersonnelDailycashcountsanddailycomparisonsoftotalreceipts.Allpersonnelwhohandlecashreceiptsshouldbebondedandrequiredtotakevacations.Controlofover-the-counterreceiptsiscenteredoncashregistersthatarevisibletocustomers.Paymentsaremadebycheck支票ratherthanbycash,exceptforpettycash零用現(xiàn)金transactions.Onlyspecifiedindividualsshouldbeauthorizedtosignchecks.Differentdepartmentsorindividualsshouldbeassignedthedutiesofapprovinganitemforpaymentandpayingit.INTERNALCONTROLOVERCASHDISBURSEMENTS現(xiàn)金支付的內(nèi)內(nèi)部控制Pre-numberedchecksshouldbeusedandeachcheckshouldbesupportedbyanapprovedinvoiceorotherdocument.Blankchecks空白支票shouldbestoredinasafe.1Accessshouldberestrictedtoauthorizedpersonnel.2Acheckwritermachineshouldbeusedtoimprinttheamountonthecheckinindelibleink.Eachcheckshouldbecomparedwiththeapprovedinvoicebeforeitisissued.Followingpayment,theapprovedinvoiceshouldbestampedPAID.PaidElectronicFundsTransfer(EFT)isadisbursementsystemthatuseswire,telephone,orcomputertosendcashfromonelocationtoanother.Regularpaymentssuchasthoseforhouse,car,andutilitiesarefrequentlymadebyEFT.ELECTRONICFUNDSTRANSFER電子資資金劃劃賬Apettycashfundisusedtopayrelativelysmallamounts.Operationofthefund,oftencalledanimprestsystem,involves:1establishingthefund,2makingpaymentsfromthefund,and3replenishingthefund.PETTYCASHFUND備用金金Accountingentriesarerequiredwhen:1thefundisestablished,2thefundisreplenished,and3theamountofthefundischanged.PETTYCASHFUND備用金金ESTABLISHINGTHEFUNDTwoessentialstepsinestablishingapettycashfundare1appointingapettycashcustodianwhowillberesponsibleforthefundand2determiningthesizeofthefund.Ordinarily,theamountisexpectedtocoveranticipateddisbursementsfora3-weekto4-weekperiod.

GeneralJournalDateAccounttitleDRCRMar.1Pettycash100

cash100ToestablishapettycashLairdCompanydecidestoestablisha$100fundonMarch1.Whenthefundisestablished,acheckpayabletothepettycashcustodianisissuedforthestipulatedamount.REPLENISHINGTHEFUNDWhenthemoneyinthepettycashfundreachesaminimumlevel,thefundisreplenished.Therequestforreimbursementisinitiatedbythepettycashcustodian.Thepettycashcustodianpreparesascheduleofthepaymentsthathavebeenmadeandsendstheschedule,withsupportingdocumentation,tothetreasurer’’soffice.

GeneralJournalDateAccounttitleDRCRMar.15Postageexpense44Freight-in38Miscellaneousexpense5

cash87ToreplenishpettycashfundOnMarch15thepettycashcustodianrequestsacheckfor$87.Thefundcontains$13cashandpettycashreceiptsforpostage$44,freight-in$38,andmiscellaneousexpenses,$5.Theuseofabankminimizestheamountofcurrencythatmustbekeptonhandandcontributessignificantlytogoodinternalcontrolovercash.Acompanycansafeguarditscashbyusingabankasadepositoryandclearinghouseforchecksreceivedandcheckswritten.Newdepositorsarerequiredtosignasignaturecardwhenopeningacheckingaccount.USEOFABANKAcheckisawrittenordersignedbythedepositordirectingthebanktopayaspecifiedsumofmoneytoadesignatedrecipient.Threepartiestoacheckare:1Maker(drawer)issuesthecheck2Bank(payer)onwhichcheckisdrawn3PayeetowhomcheckispayableWRITINGCHECKS開支票DrawerBankPayeeCheckCheckCashBankStatementBANKSTATEMENTS銀行對賬單單Abankstatementshows:1checkspaidandotherdebitschargedagainsttheaccount2depositsandothercreditsmadetotheaccount3accountbalanceaftereachday’stransactionsBANKSTATEMENTS銀行對賬單單Bankdebitmemorandaindicatechargesagainstthedepositor’saccount.Example:ATMservicechargesBankcreditmemorandaindicateamountsthatwillincreasethedepositor’saccount.Example:interestincomeonaccountbalanceMEMORANDARECONCILINGTHEBANKACCOUNT銀行戶頭的的調(diào)整Reconciliationisnecessarybecausethebalanceperbank銀行余額andbalanceperbooks賬上余額areseldominagreementduetotimelagsanderrors.Abankreconciliationshouldbepreparedbyanemployeewhohasnootherresponsibilitiespertainingtocash.Stepsinpreparingabankreconciliation:1Determinedepositsintransit2Determineoutstandingchecks3Noteanyerrorsdiscovered4TracebankmemorandatotherecordsEachreconcilingitemusedindetermining theadjustedcashbalanceperbooksshould berecordedbythedepositorRECONCILINGTHEBANKACCOUNTThebankstatementfortheLairdCompanyshowsabalanceperbankof$15,907.45onApril30,2002.Onthisdatethebalanceofcashperbooksis$11,589.45.BANKRECONCILIATONCashbalanceperbankstatement15907.45Add:depositintransit2201.4Less:outstandingchecks

No.4533000

No.4571401.3

No.4601502.7Adjustedbalanceperbankstatement12204.85Cashbalanceperbooks11589.45Add:collectionofnotesreceivable,interest①1035

errorinrecordingcheckNo.443②36Less:NSFcheck③425.6

bankservicecharge④30Adjustedbalanceperbooks12204.85

GeneralJournal①DateAccounttitlesDRCRApril30Cash1035Miscellaneousexpense15

Notesreceivable1000

Interestrevenue50TorecordcollectionCollectionofNoteReceivableThisentryinvolvesfouraccounts.Interestof$50hasnotbeenaccruedandthecollectionfeeischargedtoMiscellaneousExpense.

GeneralJournal②DateAccounttitlesDRCRApril30Cash36

Accountspayable36TocorrecterrorinrecordingcheckNo.443BookErrorAnexaminationofthecashdisbursementsjournalshowsthatcheckNo.443wasapaymentonaccounttoAndreaCompany,asupplier.Thecheck,withacorrectamountof$1,226,wasrecordedat$1,262.