2019-2020年高中英語必修5Module2Periodl:Reading-TheHumanTrafficSignalGoals?TolearnaboutjobsdonebypeopleinEnglish?TolearntoreadwithstrategiesProcedures■Warmingupbylearningabout“jobhunting”Goodmorning,class.TodayweshalltakeUnit2:AJobWorthDoing.Butfirstwehavetofindajob,thatis,tohuntajob."Jobhunting"istheactoflookingforemployment.Itisalsoknownasjobseeking.Theimmediategoalofjobseekingisusuallytoobtainajobinterviewandultimatelyaformofemployment.Thepeopleinthepicturesonpage11aredoingjobsofdifferenttypes.Whatareyougoingtodointhefuture?Nowgotopage12.Let'sreadaboutanunusualjob.Themaninthearticleisworkingasatrafficlightortrafficsignal.Doyouthinkitstrange?Atrafficlightortrafficsignalisasignalingdevicepositionedataroadintersectionorpedestriancrossingtoindicatewhenitissafetodrive,rideorwalk,usingauniversalcolorcode.Yes,thismanisworkingasasignalingdevice,notformoneybutforhelpingpeople.■BeforeyoureadPleasegooverthewordlistforthismodule,payingattentiontothepronunciationoftheword,therelationshipbetweenitspronunciationanditsspelling.■WhileyoureadCut/thesentencesintothoughtgroups,blackenthepredicates,underlinetheusefulexpressionsanddarkentheconnectives.■AfteryoureadCopyalltheusefulexpressionsintoyourExpressionBookandmakeyourownsentenceswiththem.Expressionsfrom:TheHumanTrafficSignalat3,500metres,heworld,athighaltitude,make.,difficult,inbadcondition,inparticular,beconsideredthemostdangerousroadintheworld,ononeside,risesteeply;ontheotherside,asheerdrop,inplaces,hundredsofmetresdeep,alotoftraffic,onaverageeofftheroad,insidethevehicle,isluckytosurvive.Intheory,beusedbytraffic,gouphill,edownhill,inpractice,respecttherules,thanksto...,thedeathtoll,agentle46-year-oldman,liveinavillagenearthemostdangerouspartoftheroadknownlocallyas…，haveanunusualjob,ahumantrafficsignal,climbupto...,with.inone'shand,redononesideandgreenontheother,standon…，directthetraffic,approachfromoppositedirections,pay…for…，give…atip,havejustenoughmoneytoliveon,passby,take...forgranted,workas…，haveacloseencounterwithdeath,drivealorryloadof...,eofftheroadatabend,fallthreehundredmetresdownthemountain,inhospitalformonths,afewyearslater,becalledoutinthenight,helppull...outofabus,haveaprofoundeffecton..,beluckytobealive,one'smissioninlifetohelpothers,weekin,weekout,fromdawntodusk,takeupone'splace,onthebend■ReadtotransferinformationTheHumanTrafficSignalWhereWhoandwhatWhyAt3,500metres,Lapaz,inBolivia,isthehighestcapitalintheworld.Butthankstooneman,thedeathtollhasfallen.TimoteoApazaisagentle46-year-oldmanSowhydoeshedoit?Herealisedthatitw^shismissioninlifetohelpothers.AndsoeveryManyroadsareinbadconditionandaccidentsarefrequent.Oneroadinparticular,whichgoesnorthfromLaPaz,isconsideredthemostdangerousroadintheworld.wholivesinavillagenearthemostdangerouspartoftheroad?Timoteohasa^nunusualjob___heisahumantrafficsignal.Timoteostandsonthebendanddirectsthetraffic.morning,weekin,weekout,fromdawntodusk,Timoteotakesuphisplaceonthebendanddirectsthetraffic.■LearningtoreadinEnglishPayattentionwhenyoureadandreadasifitreallymatters.PAYATTENTIONPAYATTENTIONandPAYATTENTION.Stoptalkingtoyourselfwhenyouread.Peopletalktothemselvesin2ways,by:vocalizing,whichistheactualmovingofyourlipsasyouread,andsubvocalizing,whichistalkingtoyourselfinyourheadasyousilentlyread.Readinthoughtgroups.Trytoreadinphrasesofthreeorfourwords,especiallyinpleteclausesandprepositionalphrases.Don'tkeepre-readingthesamephrases.Poorreadershabituallyreadandre-readthesamephraseoverandoveragain.Varyyourreadingratetosuitthedifficultyandtypeofwritingofthetext.Poorreadersalwaysreadatthesameslowrate.Anefficientreaderspeedsupforeasiermaterialandslowsdownforthehard.■Readingmoreabout“KindsofJobs”Whatkindsofjobsdopeopledo?SomethatIhavebeeninterestedinatvarioustimes.ArtistIincludeartistsinallmedia,includingwords,images,buildings,drama,danceandmore.Thesepeopleworkwithideasandemotionsastheyareexpressedinsomekindofartifact,soletitincludeeventheartsandcraftstypeswhoareusuallysneeredatbyfineartists.Ijustdon'thavethevisiontobemuchofanartist,althoughIhaveburstsofpretentiousnesswhichmakemewanttobeanartistofsomekind.What'sannoyingisthatIwillgetanideaforanoveloramovieoraTVshowbutthenitwon'tcrystallize,andthenIgetboredwithit.AtthemomentIamnotrespondingverywelltoart.Somethingaboutabstractionisfrustratingme,andithasadestructiveeffectontryingtoinventimaginaryworlds,eventsandcharacters.I'veneverbeenmuchforvisualarts,unlessyoucountgraphicarts.DesignerApersonwhoblendsaestheticswithpracticalproduction:architectures,graphicartistsandprintdesigners,industrialdesignersandthelike.Gamedesigners,too,Iguess.ThisisthesortofworkIamprobablymostsuitedto,butIhavefoundthatbecauseitneedssomekindofpracticalimpetus,itisdifficulttoeupwithprojectsindependently,atleastforme.Also,IfindthatIhavetrouble"seeing"variousdesignchoices--findingthesuitableone.Onedesignjobthatusedtoreallyinterestme,andwhichisreallyobscure,istypefacedesign.Igotprettyinterestedinitasateenager,butIjustcouldn'tgetintoitfulltime.IthinkIwaspartlydiscouragedbymyatrocious,left-handedpenmanship.Iamalwaysinaweofskilledcalligraphers.Iusedtospendhoursandhoursdesigningpostersorjustdrawingwords,butIcouldnotpaintthem,soIwouldcarefullyconstructtheoutlinesandthenfillthemin.TechnicianAspecialistinatechnicalfield,usuallyrelatedtotheproductionoroperationofsomekindofspecializedequipment.Yougetalotofjobtitlesthatinclude"engineer"thatarenotengineers--thosearetechnicians.Audioengineers,forexample.Itsoundsfancier.Iwouldmakeagreattechnician,becauseitrequiresfairlystrict,butnotabsolute,conformancetorulesofthedomain.Equipmentoperationisreadily"benchmarked"forefficiency,whichmymechanicalmindisprettygoodat.HoweverIhavenotacquiredmuchinthewayoftechnicalknowledgeinmylife,sinceIfearthedangersofobsolescence.Informationtechnologyworkismostlyahighfalutingkindoftechnicianwork,withalargebaseoftheoreticalknowledge.Itlendsitselftothebureaucraticmind,whichissomethingthatmanypeople,myselfincluded,findforting.Butitalsolendsitselftorigidness,whichisnotsomethingIseeaspositive.ScientistThescariestcalling--toextractthesecretsoftheuniverse,itsfunctionanditsrules.ItrequiresakindofobsessionwhichIdonothave,andaloveofnature,whichIamgenerallyhalf-heartedabout,andacapabilitytoinvent,performanddocumentdetailedexperimentsinordertodiscoverpropertiesofthetestsubject--andIhateexperimentation.Ifiguredthisoutrightawayinfirstyearuniversity.IthinkscientistsaregreatandIliketolearnaboutscience(maybenotsomuchnowasIusedto),butthiswasabriefdreamforme.EngineerSuper-technician.Toonerve-wracking,becauseengineersmakethingsthatpeople'slivesdependon,likevehicles,buildings,electricgrids,medicalequipmentandthelike.WhileIwouldcertainlyderivepridefromhelpingbuildanewandbetterorbitalvehicle,that'spurefantasy.Engineeringisalltheworstpartsofscienceandalltheworstpartsofdesign.Ilovewhattheymakeand,likescientists,Irespectthemimmensely,butIdonothaveabrainforrememberingrulesandformulae.Iwouldgetpeoplekilledforsure.AnalystYouknow,likeeconomistsandfinancialanalystsandaccountants.Iamsurethereareanalystswhodonotworkwithmoney,butthatseemstobethe

primaryarea.Ineverseriouslyconsideredanythinginthisrealm,butIdidthinkaboutitbrieflyonce.Ithinkthatatleastpartoftheskillsetofananalystisoverlapswiththatofotherfields,sinceyouhavetobeabletolookatasystem,understandit,andpredictitsbehaviourinmosttechnically-relatedwork.Butmoneyandbusinesssystemsareveryabstract,almostvirtual.LatelyIamhavingalotoftroublewithanythingabstract.It'salljustturningintoahazeofsymbols.ClerkYeah,nokidding,sometimesImissjustbeingtheguywhotellsyouwhereitisontheshelf.Reliable,predictable,concrete,orderly,tactile,andprehensible.Aretailstoreisanicestaticsystem.AndIwanttodistinguishaclerk,whojustfacilitatesapurchase,fromasalesperson,whoattemptstoencourageorinventthedesireforapurchase.Clerksdon'thavestressandtheydon'tmakeanymoney,usuallynotevenenoughtoliveon,unlesstheyareatafancierretailerlikeTheBayorSears.Thereareallkindsofotherjobsalsocalled"clerk"butIhavetoadmitIdonotknowanythingaboutthem.Buttheydohaveanice,safe,routinetediumtofortthemwhentheyfeelliketheworldisturningupsidedown.Everybodyneedssomelevelofstability.■ClosingdownbytellingaboutyourfuturejobI'dliketoworkas…inthefuture.ActressorActorAmbassador/diplomatAnimatorActressorActorAmbassador/diplomatAnimatorArchaeologistArchitectArtistAstronomerAstronautBabysitterBasketballplayerBiologistBusiness/EconomyChef/cookputersCosmetologistCounselorDancerDentistDoctorElectricianEngineerFarmerFashionDesignerFirefighterHairdresserHorserider,etc.InteriordecoratorVeterinarianInterpreter/translatorJournalist/WriterLawyer/LegalMassagetherapistMechanicMilitaryModelVeterinarianMoviedirectorMusicianNaturalistNursePhotographerPilotPolicePresidentPriestPsychiatristPsychologistScientistSkateboarderSingerSoccerplayerSocialworkerSportspersonStewardessStylistSurgeonTeacherTourismUnusualJobsAdditionalMaterialspletethearticlewithonewordineachblank:Lapazisthehighest__1intheworld.Lifeishardthere.Manyroadsareinbad__2andaccidentsarefrequent.Thankstoonemanthe3__tolloftrafficaccidenthas__4.TimoteoApaza,agentle46-year-oldman,hasanunusualjobthere.He__5asahumantrafficsignal.EverymorningTimoteo__6onthebendanddirectsthetraffic.Sowhy__7hedoit?Onedayhewasdrivingalorryloadofbananas__8hecameofftheroadatabendand__9threehundredmetresdownthemountain.Somehowhe__10.ThisexperieneehadaprofoundeffectonTimoteo.He__11thatitwashismissioninlifeto__12others.（keys:1.capital2.condition3.death4.fallen5.works6.stands7.does8.when9.fell10.survived11.realised12.help）Studythenotestothedifficultsentences:1?Oneroadinparticular,whichgoesnorthfromLaPaz,isconsideredthemostdangerousroadintheworld?其中有一條路，從拉巴斯往北，被認(rèn)為是世界上最危險(xiǎn)的路。閱讀或朗讀時(shí)，considered后面有個(gè)停頓，the到句號(hào)是主語補(bǔ)語。帶有賓語補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后，原賓語變成了主語，賓語補(bǔ)語亦因而變成了主語補(bǔ)語。女如Shewasmadeangry?（她被惹得生氣了。）HewaselectedPresident.?（他被選為總統(tǒng)。）Whatisthebabycalled?（這個(gè)嬰兒叫什么？）Ononesidethemountainsrisesteeply;ontheothersidethereisasheerdrop,whichinplacesishundredsofmetresdeep?一邊，群山陡峭，另一邊，懸崖直下，有些地方深達(dá)幾百英尺。Ononeside和ontheotherside是相關(guān)并列連詞，也是所謂“篇章銜接詞語”。篇章中表示語義聯(lián)系的語法和詞匯手段有五類,構(gòu)成不同類型的語義銜接。前者包括照應(yīng)（referenee）、替代（substitution）、省略（ellipsis）、連接（conjunction）和詞匯銜接（lexicalcohesion）。后者則包括詞匯重述（reiteration）、同義（synonymy）、下義（hyponymy）和搭配（collocation）等。Thedropissogreatthatanyoneinsidethevehicleisluckytosurvive.落差太大了，車?yán)锏娜四芩览锾由闶敲?。so...that引導(dǎo)的是程度狀語從句。它例如：Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.Itsuchagoodchaneethatwemustnotmissit.Tosuchandegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn'tsleeplastnight.Timoteohasanunusualjob—heisahumantrafficsignal?鐵穆特歐有一份不尋常的工作，他是人式形交通信號(hào)燈。ahumantrafficsignal是名詞短語作表語，是所謂“暗喻”用法。Metaphor（暗喻）：Itislikeasimile,alsomakesaparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thisparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Forexample,theworldisastage.英語修辭還有：Figuresofspeech（修辭），Simile（明喻）,Analogy（類比）Personification（擬人）Hyperbole（夸張）Understatement（含蓄陳述）Euphemism（委婉）Metonymy（轉(zhuǎn)喻）Synecdoche（提喻）Antonomasia（換喻）Pun（雙關(guān)語）Syllepsis（一語雙敘），Zeugma（軛式搭配）Irony（反語），Innuendo（暗諷），Sarcasm（諷刺），Paradox（似非而是的雋語）Oxymoron（矛盾修飾）,Antithesis（對(duì)照）,Epigram（警句）,Climax（漸進(jìn)）,Anti-climaxorbathos（突降），Apostrophe（頓呼），TransferredEpithet（轉(zhuǎn)類形容詞），Alliteration（頭韻）,Onomatopoeia（擬聲）。Andsoeverymorning,weekin,weekout,fromdawntodusk,Timoteotakesuphisplaceonthebendanddirectsthetraffic.因此，每天早上，一周又一周，從早到晚，鐵穆特歐在拐角處站好位置，指揮交通。本句中的短語有：andso，everymorning,weekin,weekout,fromdawntodusk,takeupone'splace，onthebend，directthetraffic。Answerthereadingprehensionquestions:WhylifeinLapaz,inBolivia,ishard?A:Becauseitisat3，500metres.B:Becauseitisthehighestcapitalintheworld.C:Becausethemountainsmakemunicationdifficult.D:Alloftheabove.2?Whatdoestheword“drop”meaninthesentenceThedropissogreatthatanyoneinsidethevehicleisluckytosurvive??A:Thesmallestquantityofliquidheavyenoughtofallinasphericalmass.B:Asmallquantityofasubstanee.C:Theactoffalling;descent.D:Aswiftdeclineordecrease,asinquality,quantity,orintensity.WhatanunusualjobdoesTimoteohave?A:Heisahumantrafficsignal.B:Heisminer.C:Heisatruckdriver.D:Heisatrafficpoliceman.4?Whatdoestheword“mission”meaninthesentenceItwashismissioninlifetohelpothers??A:AChristianchurchorcongregationwithnoclericofitsownthatdependsforsupportonalargerreligiousorganization.B:AseriesofspecialChristianservicesforpurposesofproselytizing.C:Awelfareoreducationalorganizationestablishedfortheneedypeopleofadistrict.D:Aninnercallingtopursueanactivityorperformaservice;avocation.（keys:DCAD）AbsorbinformationconcerningNationalCollegeEntranceExamination:短語動(dòng)詞課文中Althoughthereisnotalotoftraffic,onaverage,onevehicleesofftheroad/everytwoweeks.一句中短語動(dòng)詞有eoff...。動(dòng)詞加小品構(gòu)成的起動(dòng)詞作用的短語叫短語動(dòng)詞（PhrasalVerb）。例如：Turnofftheradio.把收音機(jī)關(guān)上。（turnoff是短語動(dòng)詞）。短語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成基本有下列幾種:1）動(dòng)詞+副詞，如：blackout；動(dòng)詞+介詞，如：lookinto；動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞，如：lookforwardto。構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞的副詞和介詞都統(tǒng)稱為小品詞（Particle）。請(qǐng)看：高考中的短語動(dòng)詞1.1don'trock‘n'roll.It'smuchtoonoisyformyears.（2004北京）AgoafterBgoawaywithCgointoDgoinfor——fortheglass!——It'sOK.I'mwearingshoes.（2004湖南）A.LookoutB.WalkoutC.GooutD.SetoutHeaccidentallyhehadquarreledwithhiswifeandthathehadn'tbeenhomeforacoupleofweeks.（2004湖南）A.letoutB.tookcareC.madesureD,madeoutWehavetothewheatassoonaspossiblebecauseastormisontheway.（2004湖北）A.getawayB.getacrossC.getthroughD.getinOnceadecisionhasbeenmade,allofusshouldit.（2004湖北）A.directtoB.sticktoC.leadtoD.refertoThefinalexaminationisingupsoon.It'stimeforustoourstudies.（2004遼寧）A.getdowntoB.getoutC.getbackforD.getoverItwasnotaseriousillness,andshesoonit.（2004天津）AgotoverBgotonwithCgotaroundDgotoutofInsomewesterncountries,demandforgraduatesfromMBAcourseshas.(2004廠西)A.turneddownB.turnedoverC.fallendownD.fallenoverBeforethewarbrokeout,manypeopleinsafeplacespossessionstheycouldnottakewiththem.(2004重慶)A.threwawayB.putawayC.gaveawayD.carriedawayThemaninsistedataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.(2004江蘇)A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding(keys:1-5DAADB,6-10AACBC)2019-2020年高中英語必修5Module2Period2:Grammar—Reviewofverbforms(I)Goals?ToreviewPastsimple,pastperfectandpastcontinuousProcedures■ReviewingPresentsimple,presentcontinuous,presentperfectSimplePastFORMSimplePast[VERB+ed]EXAMPLES:Ivisitedmyfriends.Ioftenvisitedmyfriends.NOTE:WhenyouareusingaverbtensewithonlyonepartsuchasSimplePast(visited),adverbsusuallyebeforetheverb(oftenvisited).PleaserememberthisisdifferentfromverbswithmorethanonepartsuchasPresentContinuous.USE1pletedActioninthePastp日戢USE1pletedActioninthePastp日戢PresentFutureUsetheSimplePasttoexpresstheideathatanactionstartedandfinishedataspecifictimeinthepast.Sometimesthespeakermaynotactuallymentionthespecifictime,buttheydohaveonespecifictimeinmind.EXAMPLES:Isawamovieyesterday.Ididn'tseeamovieyesterday.Lastyear,ItraveledtoJapan.Lastyear,Ididn'ttraveltoJapan.Shewashedhercar.Shedidn'twashhercar.USE2ASeriesofpletedActionsPastPresentFutureUSE2ASeriesofpletedActionsPastPresentFutureWeusetheSimplePasttolistaseriesofpletedactionsinthepast.Theseactionshappen1st,2nd,3rd,4th...EXAMPLES:Ifinishedwork,walkedtothebeach,andfoundaniceplacetoswim.Hearrivedfromtheairportat8:00,checkedintothehotelat9:00,andmettheothersat10:00.USE3SingleDurationPastPresentFutureTheSimplePastcanbeusedwithadurationwhichstartsandstopsinthepast.Adurationisalongactionoftenusedwithexpressionslike"fortwoyears,""forfiveminutes,""allday"or"allyear."EXAMPLES:IlivedinBrazilfortwoyears.ShaunastudiedJapaneseforfiveyears.Theysatatthebeachallday.Wetalkedonthephoneforthirtyminutes.Howlongddyouwaitforthem?Wewaitedforonehour.xxxxxIUSE4HabitinthePastTheSimplePastcanalsobeusedtodescribeahabitwhichstoppedinthepast.Itcanhavethesamemeaningas"usedto".Tomakeitclearthatwearetalkingaboutahabitweoftenuseexpressionssuchas"always,""often,""usually,""never,""...whenIwasachild"or"...whenIwasyounger"inthesentence.EXAMPLES:IstudiedFrenchwhenIwasachild.Heplayedtheviolin.Sheworkedatthemovietheaterafterschool.Theyneverwenttoschool,theyalwaysskipped.IMPORTANT"Whenclauses"happenfirstClausesaregroupsofwordswhichhavemeaningbutarenotpletesentences.Someclausesbeginwiththewordwhensuchas"WhenIdroppedmypen..."or"Whenclassbegan..."Theseclausesarecalled"whenclauses"andtheyareveryimportant.Theexamplesbelowcontain"whenclauses."EXAMPLES:WhenIpaidheronedollar,sheansweredmyquestion.Sheansweredmyquestion,whenIpaidheronedollar.

"Whenclauses"areimportantbecausetheyalwayshappenfirstwhenbothclausesareintheSimplePast.Bothoftheexamplesabovemeanthesamething.First,Ipaidheronedollar,andthen,sheansweredmyquestion.However,theexamplebelowhasadifferentmeaning.First,sheansweredmyquestion,andthen,Ipaidheradollar.EXAMPLE:Ipaidheradollar,whensheansweredmyquestion.ACTIVE/PASSIVESimplePastEXAMPLES:Tomrepairedthecar.ACTIVEThecarwasrepairedbyTom.PASSIVEPastPerfectFORMPastPerfect[HAD]+[PASTPARTICIPLE]Examples:IhadstudiedalittleEnglishwhenIcametotheU.S.TheyhadnevermetanAmericanuntiltheymetJohn.NOTE:WhenyouareusingaverbtensewithmorethanonepartsuchasPastPerfect(hadmet),adverbsoftenebetweenthefirstpartandthesecondpart(hadnevermet).USE1pletedActionBeforeSomethinginPastPastPresentFuturePastPresentFutureThePastPerfectexpressestheideathatsomethingoccurredbeforeanotheractioninthepast.Itcanalsoshowthatsomethinghappenedbeforeaspecifictimeinthepast.EXAMPLES:IhadneverseensuchabeautifulbeachbeforeIwenttoKauai.

HadyouevervisitedtheU.S.beforeyourtripin1992?Yes,IhadbeentotheU.S.oncebeforein1988.USE2DurationBeforeSomethinginthePast(Non-continuousVerbs)WithNon-progressiveVerbsandsomenon-progressiveusesofMixedVerbs,weusethePastPerfecttoshowthatsomethingstartedinthepastandcontinuedupuntilanotheractioninthepast.EXAMPLES:Wehadhadthatcarfortenyearsbeforeitbrokedown.BythetimeAlexfinishedhisstudies,hehadbeeninLondonforovereightyears.IMPORTANTSpecificTimeswiththePastPerfectUnlikethePresentPerfect,itispossibletousespecifictimewordsorphraseswiththePastPerfect.Althoughthisispossible,itisusuallynotnecessary.XX|PastPresentFutureEXAMPLE:ShehadvisitedherJapaneserelativesoncein1993beforeshemovedinwiththemin1996.IfthePastPerfectactiondidoccurataspecifictime,theSimplePastcanbeusedinsteadofthePastPerfectwhenbeforeorafterisusedinthesentence.ThewordsbeforeandafteractuallytellyouwhathappensfirstsothePastPerfectisoptional.Bothsentencesbelowarecorrect.EXAMPLE:ShehadvisitedherJapaneserelativesoncein1993beforeshemovedinwiththemin1996.ShevisitedherJapaneserelativesoncein1993beforeshemovedinwiththemin1996.HOWEVERIfthePastPerfectactiondidnothappenataspecifictime,PastPerfectMUSTbeusedatalltimes.parethetwosentencesbelow.?X|PastPresentFutureEXAMPLE:ShehadneverseenabearbeforeshemovedtoAlaska.CorrectSheneversawabearbeforeshemovedtoAlaska.NotCorrectACTIVE/PASSIVEFORMSPastPerfectEXAMPLESGeorgehadrepairedmanycarsbeforehereceivedhismechanicslicense.ACTIVEManycarshadbeenrepairedbyGeorgebeforehereceivedhismechanicslicense.PASSIVEPastContinuousFORMPastContinuous[WAS/WERE]+[VERB+ing]EXAMPLES:Iwasstudyingwhenshecalled.Iwascarefullypickingupthesnakewhenitbitme.NOTE:WhenyouareusingaverbtensewithmorethanonepartsuchasPastContinuous(waspicking),adverbsoftenebetweenthefirstpartandthesecondpart(wascarefullypicking).IMPORTANTClausesaregroupsofwordswhichhavemeaningbutarenotpletesentences.Some

clausesbeginwiththewordwhensuchas"...whenshecalled"or"...whenitbitme."ClauseswiththePastContinuoususuallystartwithwhile.Whileexpressestheidea"duringthetime."Studytheexamplesbelow.Theyhavethesamemeaning.EXAMPLES:Iwasstudyingwhenshecalled.WhileIwasstudying,shecalled.USE1InterruptedActioninthePastUsethePastContinuoustoindicatethatalongeractioninthepastwasinterrupted.TheinterruptionisusuallyanactionintheSimplePast.Rememberthiscanbearealinterruptionorjustaninterruptionintime.EXAMPLES:IwaswatchingTVwhenshecalled.Whenthephonerang,shewaswritingaletter.Whilewewerehavingapicnic,itstartedtorain.SallywasworkingwhenJoehadthecaraccident.WhileJohnwassleepinglastnight,someonestolehiscar.IUSE2SpecificTimeasanInterruptioniInUSE1,describedabove,thePastContinuousisinterruptedbyanactionintheSimplePast.However,youcanalsouseaspecifictimeasaninterruption.EXAMPLES:Lastnightat6p.m.,Iwaseatingdinner.Atmidnight,weweresti