目錄第一部分設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)及方案················ ··········2第二部分設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明································3第三部分設(shè)計(jì)成果································11第四部分結(jié)束語(yǔ)··································26第五部分致謝····································27第六部分參考文獻(xiàn)································28第一部分設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)及方案1.1設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)它可以作為時(shí)鐘電路來(lái)顯示時(shí)間，進(jìn)行設(shè)置，定時(shí)打鈴。按照自頂向下設(shè)計(jì)方法劃分自動(dòng)打鈴系統(tǒng)的功能?？煞譃?顯示電路設(shè)計(jì),按鍵電路，時(shí)鐘電路等。以某高校的打鈴情況設(shè)計(jì)：表1-1打鈴情況設(shè)計(jì)圖表內(nèi)容時(shí)間起床6:30早自習(xí)7:30-8:10第一節(jié)課8:20-9:00第二節(jié)課9:10-9:50第三節(jié)課10:00-10:40第四節(jié)課10:50-11:30第五節(jié)課13:30-14:10第六節(jié)課14:20-15:00第七節(jié)課15:20-16:00第八節(jié)課16:10-16-50晚自習(xí)19:00-20:30熄燈22:301.2設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明本系統(tǒng)主要由主控模塊，時(shí)鐘模塊，顯示模塊，鍵盤(pán)接口模塊等4部分構(gòu)成。通過(guò)內(nèi)部定時(shí)產(chǎn)生中斷，從而使驅(qū)動(dòng)電鈴打鈴。設(shè)定51單片機(jī)工作在定時(shí)器工作方式1，每100ms產(chǎn)生一次中斷，利用軟件將基準(zhǔn)100ms單元進(jìn)行累加，當(dāng)定時(shí)器產(chǎn)生10次中斷就產(chǎn)生1S信號(hào)，這是秒單元加1。同理，對(duì)分單元和時(shí)單元計(jì)數(shù)從而產(chǎn)生秒，分，時(shí)的值，通過(guò)六位七段顯示器進(jìn)行顯示。由于動(dòng)態(tài)顯示法需要數(shù)據(jù)所存等硬件，接口較復(fù)雜，考慮顯示只有六位，且系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有其他浮躁的處理程序，所有采用動(dòng)態(tài)掃描LED的顯示。

本系統(tǒng)采用四個(gè)按鍵，當(dāng)時(shí)鐘時(shí)間和設(shè)置時(shí)間一直時(shí)，驅(qū)動(dòng)程序動(dòng)作，進(jìn)行打鈴，每次打鈴30S。1.3設(shè)計(jì)方案基于單片機(jī)的自動(dòng)打鈴系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)以AT89C51單片機(jī)為控制器，通過(guò)DS1307來(lái)為系統(tǒng)提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間，單片機(jī)讀取DS1307時(shí)間后送顯示器顯示，通過(guò)按鍵來(lái)設(shè)置打鈴時(shí)間。當(dāng)打鈴時(shí)間到時(shí)，系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)電鈴提示。圖1-1整體框圖第二部分設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明2.1主要原件參數(shù)及功能簡(jiǎn)介1.主控器AT89C51AT89C51公司生產(chǎn)的AT89C51單片機(jī)用高性能的靜態(tài)89C51設(shè)計(jì)，由先進(jìn)工藝制造，并帶有非易失性FLASH程序存儲(chǔ)器，它是·種高性能、低功耗的8位CMOS微處理芯片，市場(chǎng)應(yīng)用最多，主要特點(diǎn)有：有4K的FLASH程序存儲(chǔ)器、256字節(jié)內(nèi)部RAM、電源控制模式：時(shí)鐘可停止和恢復(fù)，空閑模式，掉電模式、6個(gè)中斷源、4個(gè)中斷優(yōu)先級(jí)、4個(gè)8位I/O口、全雙工增強(qiáng)型UART、2個(gè)16位定時(shí)、計(jì)數(shù)器。圖2-1AT89C512.時(shí)鐘電路1.DS1307簡(jiǎn)介:DS1307是I2C總線接口的日歷時(shí)鐘芯片，片內(nèi)有8個(gè)特殊寄存器和56字節(jié)的非易失性RAM，是一種低功耗、BCD碼的8引腳實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘芯片。它的主要特點(diǎn)：可對(duì)秒、時(shí)、分、每月的天數(shù)、月份、每周的天數(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)，并具有閏年補(bǔ)償功能，記年上線為2100年;56字節(jié)非易失性RAM；

兩線串行接口；

可編程方波輸出；自動(dòng)掉電檢測(cè)和切換電路；在電池備份模式下，功耗小于50nA；工業(yè)級(jí)工作溫度：-40℃-80℃；8引腳DIP和SOIC封裝。DS1307的引腳排列如圖2-2所示。圖2-2DS1307引腳圖引腳說(shuō)明如下：X1、X2：接入32.768kHz的石英晶振；

VBAT：+3V電源輸入；

GND：地；

SDA：數(shù)據(jù)線，輸入輸出數(shù)據(jù)，需要外接上拉電阻；

SCL：時(shí)鐘線，用來(lái)同步數(shù)據(jù)；

SQW/OUT：方波信號(hào)輸出端，可輸出供選擇的頻率方波，1Hz、4

KHz、8K

Hz、32K

Hz，需外接上拉電阻。VCC：+5V電源;2.時(shí)鐘電路如圖2-3所示。時(shí)鐘芯片的SCL引腳和SDA引腳分別由單片機(jī)的P3.1和P3.2引腳控制，單片機(jī)只需按照DS1307的工作時(shí)序來(lái)控制DS1307即可實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)間的寫(xiě)入和讀取，其中DS1307的時(shí)鐘端與數(shù)據(jù)端需外接上拉電阻，本設(shè)計(jì)選用5針排阻來(lái)充當(dāng)上拉電阻。圖2-3時(shí)鐘電路3.按鍵電路本設(shè)計(jì)中按鍵電路如圖2-4所示，由單片機(jī)的P1口控制按鍵電路。本設(shè)計(jì)中按鍵用于設(shè)定定時(shí)時(shí)間、打鈴時(shí)間間隔，所以只需4路按鍵即可實(shí)現(xiàn)所需功能，采用獨(dú)立式按鍵即可。由于按鍵是機(jī)械式觸點(diǎn)，所以在斷開(kāi)或閉合時(shí)，一般都有抖動(dòng)產(chǎn)生，雖然這個(gè)抖動(dòng)時(shí)間在我們看來(lái)非常短，但是單片機(jī)執(zhí)行指令的速度為微秒級(jí)別，很容易會(huì)讀取這個(gè)時(shí)間而將其判斷為真正的工作狀態(tài)，從而引起誤判。因此，在設(shè)計(jì)中必須考慮到按鍵抖動(dòng)的影響。常用的去抖動(dòng)的方法有兩種：硬件方法和軟件方法。硬件方法一般是加電容或者RS觸發(fā)器；軟件方法是在單片機(jī)在檢測(cè)引腳所連接的按鍵的工作狀態(tài)時(shí)加一個(gè)延時(shí)程序再次確認(rèn)，通過(guò)2次的確認(rèn)就可以確保按鍵的工作狀態(tài)不受機(jī)械抖動(dòng)的影響了。圖2-4按鍵電路圖4.顯示電路設(shè)計(jì)顯示部分采用普通的共陽(yáng)數(shù)碼管顯示，采用動(dòng)態(tài)掃描，以減少硬件電路，數(shù)碼管分別為十時(shí)，時(shí)，十分，分，十秒，秒顯示，顯示時(shí)采用串行口輸出段碼，用74LS164來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)數(shù)碼管掃描只需7ms。4LS164內(nèi)部位8個(gè)D觸發(fā)器，用以實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的串行移位，74LS164位TTL單向8位移位寄存器，可實(shí)現(xiàn)串行輸入并行輸出，CPU位時(shí)鐘輸入端，可接到串行口TXD端。每個(gè)時(shí)鐘信號(hào)的上升沿加到CP端時(shí)，移位寄存器移一位，8個(gè)時(shí)鐘脈沖過(guò)后，8為二進(jìn)制數(shù)個(gè)部移入74LS164中，MR為復(fù)位端，當(dāng)該位為低電平時(shí)，移位寄存器各位復(fù)O。當(dāng)它為高電平時(shí)時(shí)鐘脈沖才起作用。圖2-5顯示電路5.響鈴電路設(shè)計(jì)響鈴電路用到了蜂鳴器、三極管、1K電阻。蜂鳴器兩端分別接地和三極管。三極管一段電源另一端與電阻相連并接入AT89C51的P3.7接口。圖2-6響鈴電路2.2流程圖1.主程序流程圖圖3-1主程序流程圖2.系統(tǒng)定時(shí)中斷程序流程圖圖3-2定時(shí)中斷程序流程圖第三部分設(shè)計(jì)成果3.1硬件原理圖3.2仿真圖源程序：BEEPEQUp3.7ORG0000HLJMPDL1ORG000BHLJMPDL2ORG0300HDL1:SETBBEEPSETB48HSETB47HCLR15HMOVRI,#0MOV20H,#00HMOV21H,#00HMOV22H,#00HMOV23H,#00HMOV24H,#00HMOVIP,#02H;IP;IEMOVIE,#82HMOVTMOD,#01HMOVTHO,#3CHMOVTLO,#oBoH;SETBTRO；MOVSP,#4OH；MAIN:CJNER1,#00H,A1；LCALLL3LCALLL4LCALLL5A1:LCALLDlSPLAY；LCALLA2；JZMAIN；LCALLA3；JB46H,MAIN；LCALLB1；LCALLDEC_KEY；LCALLA5；LJMPMAINL2:PUCHACCPUCHPSW;MOVTHO，#3CHMOVTLO,#0B0HCPL47H；INC24HMOVA,24HCJNEA,#l0,B2CPL48H；MOV24IJ,#00HB2:INC20HMOVA，20HCJNEA,#20,DL1MOV20H,#O0H;MOVA,21HADDA，#01HDAAMOV21H,ACJNEA,#60H,DL1MOV21H，#00HMOVA，22HADDA，#01HDAAMOV22H,ACJNEA，#60H,DL1MOV22H,#00HMOVA,23HADDA,#01HDAAMOV23H,ACJNEA,#24H,DL1MOV23H,#00HDL1:POPPSWPOPACCRET1DISPLAY:MOVA,#21HANLA,#0FHSWAPAMOV2EH,AJB46H,MINCJNER1,#3,MINJB45H,MINMOV2EH,#0AHMIN:MOVA,22HANLA,#0F0HSWAPAMOVA,22HANLA,#0F0HSWAPAMOV2CH,AJB46H,HOURCJNER1,#2,C3JB48H,HOURMOV2DH,#0AHMOV2CH,#0AHC3:MOVA,323HANLA,#0FHMOV2BH,AMOVA,23HANLA,0F0HSWAPAMOV2AH,AJB46H,C4CJNER1,#1,C4MOV2BH,#0AHMOV2AH,#0AHC4:MOVDPTR,#TABLEMOVA,2FHMOVCA,@A+DPTRMOVP0,ACLRP2.7LCALLDELAYSETBP2.7MOVA,2EHMOVCA,@A+DPTRMOVP0,ACLRP2.6LCALLDELAYSETBP2.6MOVA,#0BFMOVP0,ACLRP2.5LCALLDELAYSETBP2.5MOVA,2DHMOVCA,@A+DPTRMOVP0,ACLRP2.4LCALLDELAYSETBP2.4MOVA,2CHMOVCA,@A+DPTRMOVP0,ACLRP2.3LCALLDELAYSETBP2.3MOVA,#0BFHMOVP0,ACLRP2.2LCALLDELAYSETBP2.2MOVA,2BHMOVCA,@A+DPTRMOVP0,ACLRP2.1LCALLDELAYSETBP2.1MOVDPTR,#TABLE1MOVA,2AHMOVCA,@A+DPTRMOVP0,ACLRP2.0LCALLDELAYSETBP2.0RETA2:CLR46HMOVP1,#0FFHMOVA,P1CPLAANLA:#0FH,P1CPLAANLA,#0FHJZD1:MOVR5,AMOVR4,#00HLOOP:LCALLDISPLAYMOVA,P1CPLAANLA,#0FHJB47H,LOOP1INCR4LOOP1:CJNER1,#03H,LOOP2LJMPLOOP3LOOP3:JNZLOOPMOVA,R5RETDELAY:MOVR7,#150DJNZR7,$RETA3:CJNER5,#01H,D2INCR1SETBBEEPCJNER1,#4,D2MOVR1,#0MOV24H,#00HRETB1:CJNER5,#02H,D2CJNER1,#01H,L1MOVA,23HADDA,#01HADAMOV23H,ACJNE23H,#00HL1:CJNER1,#02H,L2MOVA,22HADDA,#01HDAAMOV22H,ACJNEA,#260H,D2MOV22H,#00HL2:CJNER1,#03H,D2MOV21H,#00HRETDEC_KEY:CJNER5,#04H,D2CJNER1,#01H,L3MOVA,23HADDA,#99HDAAMOV23H,ACJNE,#99H,D2MOV23H,#23HL3:CJNER1,#02H,L4MOVA,22HADDA,#99HDAAMOV22H,ACJNEA,#99H,D2MOV22H,#59HL4:CJNER1,#03H,D2MOV21H,#00HRETA5:CJNER5,#08H,D2CPLBEEPRETD2:RETTABLE:DBOCOH,OFGH,OA4H,OBOH,99H,92H,82H,OFSH,80H,90H,OFFHTABLE1：DBOFFH,OFGH,OA4H,OBOH,99H,92H,82H,OFSH,80H,90H,OFFHZF1:MOVA，23HCJNEA，#06H，G0MOVA，22HCJNEA，#30H，G0SETB45HRETG0:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#22H,D3MOVA,22HCJNEA,#30H,D3SETB45HRETD3:CLR45HRETZF2:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#07H,G1MOVA，22HCJNEA，#30H，G1SETB44HRETG2:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#08H,G2MOVA,22HCJNEA，#10H，G2SETB44HRETG2:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#08H,G3MOVA,22HCJNEA，#20H，G3SETB44HRETG3:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#09H,G4MOVA,22HCJNEA，#00H，G4SETB44HRETG4:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#09H,G5MOVA,22HCJNEA，#10H，G5SETB44HRETG5:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#09H,G6MOVA,22HCJNEA，#50H，G6SETB44HRETG6:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#10H,G7MOVA,22HCJNEA，#00H，G6SETB44HRETG7:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#10H,G8MOVA,22HCJNEA，#40H，G8SETB44HRETG8:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#10H,G9MOVA,22HCJNEA,#50H,G9SETB44HRETG9:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#11H,G10MOVA,22HCJNEA,#30H,G10SETB44HRETG10:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#13H,G11MOVA,22HCJNEA,#30H,G11SETB44HRETG11:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#14H,G12MOVA,22HCJNEA,#10H,G12SETB44HRETG12:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#14H,G13MOVA,22HCJNEA,#20H,G13SETB44HRETG13:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#15H,G14MOVA,22HCJNEA,#00H,G14SETB44HRETG14:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#15H,G15MOVA,22HCJNEA,#20H,G15SETB44HRETG15:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#16H,G16MOVA,22HCJNEA,#00H,G16SETB44HRETG16:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#16H,G17SETB44HRETG17:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#16H,G18MOVA,22HCJNEA,#50H,G18SETB44HRETG18:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#19H,G19MOVA,22HCJNEA,#00H,G19SETB44HRETG19:MOVA,23HCJNEA,#20H,EXIT_2MOVA,22HCJNEA,#30H,EXIT_2SETB44HRETEXIT_2：CLR44HRETDALING1；JNB45H,EXIT_DALINGMOVA,21HCJNEA,#05H,H2SETBBEEPH2：CJNEA,#07H,H3CLRBEEPRETH3：CJNEA，#12H,EXIT_DALINGSETBBEEPRETDALINGZ::JNB44H，EXIT_DALINGMOVA，51HCJNEA，#00H，H4CLRBEEPH4：MOVA，21HCJNEA，#05H，EXIT