10.虛假語氣匯總10.虛假語氣匯總10.虛假語氣匯總虛假語氣動詞除“時(shí)態(tài)”和“語態(tài)”的變化外，還有“語氣”的變化，表示說話人對動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度和看法。英語中有三種語氣：陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛假語氣。虛假語氣表示說話人的夢想、建議、推測或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一、非真實(shí)條件句所假設(shè)的條件與事實(shí)相反，或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小。條件從句主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)動詞過去式（be動詞would（should、could、相反的情況的過去式用were）might）+動詞原形表示與過去事實(shí)had+過去分詞would（should、could、相反的情況might）+have+過去分詞表示將來不太可should+動詞原形would（should、could、wereto+動詞原形might）+動詞原形能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況動詞過去式1、表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反：Ifthere

were

anythingtotellyou,I

woulddo

so.IfI

were

rich,I

wouldbuy

anythingyouwanted.Ifyoudidnotstayuplatesonotfeelsosleepybyday.Wecouldturntohimforhelpifhe

often,youwere

wouldwithus.2、表示與過去事實(shí)相反：Ifyouhadworkedharderatschool,havegotabetterjob.Theviewwaswonderful.IfIhadhadwouldhavetakensomephotographs.Iftheearthquakehadoccurredintherewouldhavebeenfewerdeaths.IshouldhavemetherifIhadminutesearlier.Ifshehadnotbeensobusy,she

youwouldacamera,Ithedaytime,comeafewwouldhave3、表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況：IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitbetter.Ifshecametomorrow,Iwouldtellherthenews.Ifyoushouldneedmyhelp,youcouldcallme.二、省去if的虛假條件句把動詞或助動詞were、had、should放在主語從前構(gòu)成倒裝句，這種結(jié)構(gòu)常用在書面語中，省略掉連詞

if

：Hadherecognized(=Ifhehadrecognized)me,hewouldhavecomeover.Shouldhefail(=Ifheshouldfail)tocome,Johnwouldworkinhisplace.Wereitnotfortheirassistance,wewouldbeinaverydifficultposition.三、虛假語氣的一些其他用法1、省去結(jié)果主句的非真實(shí)條件句，常表示一種不能能實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢想，用ifonly引導(dǎo)：IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages!Ifonlytheletterhadarrivedearlier!2、asif或asthough引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示與實(shí)質(zhì)情況相反：表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句動詞用過去式（be動詞用were）；表示與過去事實(shí)相反，從句動詞用過去完成式；表示將來不太可能發(fā)生的情況，從句動詞用過去將來式；注意：主句中的時(shí)態(tài)不影響從句中的虛假式Heorders/orderedmeasifIwere

hisservant.Hetalks/talkedabouttheaccidentasifhe

hadseenitwithhisowneyes.3、動詞wish后的賓語從句，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)或不能能實(shí)現(xiàn)的主觀夢想。從句中的謂語動詞：用過去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的夢想；用過去完成式，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的夢想；用過去將來式，表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢想。IwishIwereasyoungasyou.IwishedIhadnotmadethatmistake.WewishweshouldflytotheMarsinthefuture.4、wouldrather后的賓語從句：謂語動詞用過去式表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膲粝?；用過去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反的夢想。HewouldratherIwentnow.Iwouldratheryouhadleftyesterday.5、demand（要求）、suggest（建議）、insist（堅(jiān)持）、order（命令）、propose（建議）、require（要求）、request（央求）、command（命令）、recommend（介紹）、decide（決定）、ask（要求）等動詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：表示建議、要求、命令等。從句的謂語動詞用

should

（用于所有人稱）

+動詞原形，should能夠省略。Thedoctorsuggestedthathaveanoperation.Theteacherinsistedthatvocabularybyheart.Isuggestedthatameeting

thepatienthe(should)(should)

(should)learnthebeheldat6、含有以下形容詞、過去分詞引出的主語從句，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should能夠省略：necessary（必要的）、important（重要的）、imperative（必要的）、essential（重要的）、advisable（建議）、strange（奇怪的）、desirable（切合需要的）、vital（極其重要的）、ordered（命令）、suggested（建議）、decided（已經(jīng)決定）、

arranged

（已安排）、

proposed

（建議）、recommended（介紹）、demanded（要求）等：Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.Itisrequestedthatadelegation(should)besentthere.Itisessentialthateveryone(should)havetheequalright.7、suggestion（建議）、proposal（建議）、order（命令）、instruction（指示）、advice（勸告）、request（央求）、demand（命令）等名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句：謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should能夠省略：Myrequestisthatleaders(should)paymoreIaminfavorofhissuggestionthatthework(should)bestartedatonce.8、Itis(about/high)time+that從句：表示委宛的提議或建議。謂語動詞用過去式（be動詞用were），或should+動詞原形，should不能夠省略。Itishightimeyoutoldthetruth.itishightimeyoushouldtellthetruth.Itistimethechildrenwenttobed.Itistimethechildrenshouldgotobed.Exercises：1、Ifyou____toseeMary,whatwouldyoutellher?arearegoinghavewere2、Theexperimentsucceed,wewould

isbe

veryable

expensive.tomake

But____productionmoreefficient.shouldwewereweifshouldweifwe3、____tome,Johnwouldnothavefailed.IfhehaslistenedtomeHadhelistenedIfhelistenedtomeShouldhehavelistened4、Iwishedit____butitdid.notoccurreddidnotoccurhadnotoccurredwouldnotoccur5、-IthinkthattheSmithswereembarrassedbyhisgenerosity.Heinsisted____itasagift.onthemtoaccepttheiracceptingthattheyacceptthattheyaccepted6、Thechairmanrequestedthat____.themembersstudiedtheproblemmorecarefullytheproblemwouldbemorecarefullystudiedthemembershadstudiedtheproblemwithmorecareD.theproblembestudiedwithmorecare7、Thehousemasterwasverystrict.Heaskedthatwe____televisiononweeknight.notwatchnotbewatchingmustnotwatchshouldnothavewatched8、IfonlyI____howtooperateacomputer!le