Unit2Beethoven:aremarkablelife

para1On7May1824,acrowdofmusicloversstreamedintoatheatreinViehoven’sSymphonyNo.9.Thecrowdimmediatelyrecognizedthattheywerelisteningtosomethingtrulyspecial,andtheybrokeintoenthusiasticcheersattheendofthesymphony.1824年5月7日，一群音樂愛好者涌入維也納的一座劇院，聆聽大作曲家路德維希.凡.貝多芬的第九交響曲的首演。聽眾很快意識到他們所聽絕非凡品，演出結(jié)束的那一刻，全場爆發(fā)出熱情的歡呼。一群...涌入爆發(fā)出熱烈的歡呼

Beethoven,whowasalmostcompletelydeafatthispointinhislife,wasunawareoftheaudience’sresponseuntiloneofthesingersturnedhimaroundtofacethecrowd.Beforehim,hesawaseaofpeopleallstanding,clapping,andwavingtheirhatsandhandkerchiefs

toexpresstheirappreciationofhismasterwork.

para1當(dāng)時貝多芬已近全聾，直到一位領(lǐng)唱扶他轉(zhuǎn)過身來，面向觀眾，他才發(fā)覺反響之熱烈。他看見眼前的人山人海全部起立，有的鼓掌，有的揮舞帽子和手帕，表達著對這部杰作的贊賞。表達他們對...的欣賞在這一刻沒有意識到讓某人轉(zhuǎn)身一群人

para2SymphonyNo.9wasBeethoven’slastmajorpieceofmusicinavastbodyofworks

writtenthroughouthisremarkablelife.Asagiftedchild,Beethovenwaspushedbyhisfathertostudymusicdayandnight.Notlongafter,hebegantobeappreciatedforhispianoperformances.Bythetimehewasateenager,hehadalreadyenjoyedareputationasawonderfulyoungmusician.貝多芬非凡的一生留下了極為豐厚的作品，《第九交響曲》是他最后一部大型作品。貝多芬幼年即展露才華，在父親管教下夜以繼日地學(xué)習(xí)音樂。沒過多久，他的鋼琴演奏已受人賞識。十多歲的時候，他已經(jīng)是有名的杰出少年音樂家了。享受...的盛譽大量的作品Bythetimehewasateenager,hehadalreadyenjoyedareputationasawonderfulyoungmusician.Bythetimehewasateenager表示“到他少年時為止(過去的時間點)...已經(jīng)”①by+過去時間或者bythetime+一般過去時,含有“過去的過去”之意，主句通常用過去完成時(haddone)。Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnt2,000Englishwords.Bythetimewereachedhome,hehadleft.②by+將來時間或者bythetime+一般現(xiàn)在時，含有“到將來某個時間或某個動作發(fā)生為止將已經(jīng)...”之意,主句通常用將來完成時(will/shallhavedone)。(了解)Bythetimeshegetshome,hermotherwillhaveleftforLondontoattendameeting.

para2Manyimportantfiguresinthemusicworld,includingthebrilliantmusicianMozart,startedmakingpredictionsaboutBeethoven’sextraordinaryfuture.However,lifetookasharpturn.Inhislatetwenties,Beethovensufferedoneoftheworstpossibletwistsforamusician:hestartedtolosehishearing.不少音樂領(lǐng)域的重要人物，包括才華卓絕的莫扎特，都紛紛對他不可限量的前程給出預(yù)言。然而，厄運突至，不到三十歲，貝多芬就開始經(jīng)受對音樂家來說至為殘酷的挫折:他的聽覺開始衰退了。對...進行預(yù)測非凡的前程突如其來地發(fā)生變化

para3ThelossofhishearingdeeplydepressedBeethoven.Hewassoupsetthat,atfirst,hewantedtokeepitasecret.Inalettertohisbrothers,hewrote,“…h(huán)owcouldIpossiblyadmitaweaknessintheonesensewhichshouldbemoreperfectinmethaninothers,asensewhichIoncepossessedinthegreatestperfection…”聽覺下降令貝多芬深受打擊。他痛苦不堪，起初只想盡量隱瞞。他在給弟弟的信中說:....這樣一種在我身上本應(yīng)比別人更加完美的感官，這樣一種我曾擁有絕頂稟賦的感官，如今怎能讓我承認它有了缺陷....承認...方面的缺陷保守秘密

para3Eveninhisdarkestmoments,however,Beethovenneverabandonedhope.Despitehishearingloss,hewasdeterminedtofindawaytocontinuelivingalifefullofmusic.Heusedavarietyofhearingaidstotrytoincreasetheamountofsoundhecouldtakein.然而，即使在那些最晦暗的時刻，貝多芬都不曾放棄希望。雖然聽不清了，但他決心想辦法讓生活繼續(xù)充滿音樂。他嘗試各種各樣的助聽設(shè)備，讓自己聽到更多的聲音。各種助聽器放棄希望決定做某事盡管失聰

para3Whencomposingmusicatthepiano,hewouldputoneendofapencilinhismouthandplacetheotherendagainsttheinstrumentsothathecouldfeelthenotes.AlthoughBeethovenwasabletocontinuecomposingmusic,itbecameincreasinglydifficultforhimtoperforminpublic.WhenBeethovenpresentedSymphonyNo.9inViennain1824,itwashisfirsttimeonstageinovertenyears.在鋼琴上作曲時，他將鉛筆的一端含在嘴里，另一端頂住鋼琴，這樣就能感受到音符。作曲還可以繼續(xù)，但公開演出對于他而言越來越艱難了。1824年在維也納指揮這場《第九交響曲》，是他十多年來第一次登臺。Whencomposingmusicatthepiano,hewouldputoneendofapencilinhismouthandplacetheotherendagainsttheinstrumentsothathecouldfeelthenotes.①當(dāng)when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致或主語為it，且謂語部分含有動詞be的某種形式時，可以把從句的主語(或it)連同謂語動詞be省略掉，省略后的部分為”when+分詞/介詞短語/形容詞/名詞短語等”②引導(dǎo)狀語從句時可以省略的連詞還有：while,once,as,asif,when,unless,until,evenif,though,if等

Whenaskedwhereshewasfrom,thelittlegirlwasonlycrying,sayingnothing.

Whenintrouble,youshouldturntothepolice.Heisalwaysreadytohelpotherswhennecessary.

Whenaboy,hewassickallthetime.

para4Sincethatday,Beethoven’sSymphonyNo.9hasbecomeoneofthemostfamousandtreasuredpiecesinthehistoryofclassicalmusic.Thefirstmovementstartsquietly,butallofasuddenthewholeorchestrabreaksintoanenergetictheme.Youcansoonfeelthedetermination—aqualityBeethovenunderstoodwellbecauseofhishearingdifficulties—coursingthroughthemusic.從此，貝多芬《第九交響曲》成為古典音樂史上最著名和最受珍視的作品之一。交響曲第一章先是在平靜中開始，隨后，樂隊全體猛然奏出一個強烈的主題。你頓時會感到貫穿整部作品的那種剛毅，那種深受聽障之苦的貝多芬所熟知的品質(zhì)。感受到?jīng)Q心貫穿在音樂中突然突然變成充滿活力的旋律

para4Thenexttwomovementsarefullofdesperatelowsandupliftinghighswhichperhapsreflectbothhissufferingandhisstrongwilltofightit.Themusicmovesthroughtechnicallydifficultsectionswithease,showinghisgeniusasacomposer.Finally,inthefourthmovement,heconnectsallofthedifferentvariationsintoajoyfulchorus.接下來的兩個樂章，充滿了絕望的低聲部和激越的高聲部，或許分別反映了作曲家的痛苦和與之抗爭的堅強意志。即使技術(shù)難度很高的段落，音樂也都從容流過，展現(xiàn)了他作為作曲家的才華。最后，在第四樂章中，他將一系列形態(tài)各異的變奏整合為一首歡樂的合唱。把不同的變奏連接成歡樂的合唱堅強的意志從容地

para5AsBeethoven’slastgreatwork,hisSymphonyNo.9wasalsoagrandfinaletohislife—hediedlessthanthreeyearsaftertheconcertinVienna