第第頁3、治療指引（三）根治性放化療手術(shù)無法切除或R1、R2切除，或不能耐受手術(shù)但能耐受放化療根治性放化療手術(shù)無法切除或R1、R2切除，或不能耐受手術(shù)但能耐受放化療BSC/姑息治療:BSC/姑息治療:支架置入術(shù)，PDT，微波治療；營養(yǎng)支持治療手術(shù)無法切除而且不能耐受放化療4、治療指引（四）KPS>70化療KPS>70化療BSC/姑息治療BSC/姑息治療:支架置入術(shù)，PDT，微波治療；營養(yǎng)支持治療KPS<70KPS<70六、參考文獻(xiàn)診斷部分參考文獻(xiàn):Esophagealcancer:Riskfactors，screeningandendoscopictreatmentinWesternandEasterncountries.WorldJGastroenterol.

2015Jul14;21（26）:7933-43.Impactof（18）F-FDGPET/CTonthetherapeuticmanagementintheinitialstagingoftheesophagealcancer.RevEspMedNucl.

2009May-Jun;28（3）:101-5.Prognosticsignificanceoftumorlengthinpatientsreceivingesophagectomyforesophagealcancer.JSurgOncol.

2017Dec;116（8）:1114-1122.

Survivalbasedradiographic-groupingfor

esophageal

squamouscellcarcinomamayimpactclinicalTstage.Oncotarget.

2018Jan9;9（10）:9512-9530.ValueoforaleffervescentpowderadministrationformultidetectorCTevaluationofesophagealcancer.EurJRadiol.

2015Feb;84（2）:215-20.Diagnosisof

esophagealcancer

andmetastaticlymphnodeusing

CT

andMRI.NihonRinsho.

2011Aug;69Suppl6:174-81Roleofclinicallydetermineddepthoftumorinvasioninthetreatmentofesophagealcarcinoma.JThoracCardiovascSurg.

2003May;125（5）:1091-102NCCNClinicalPracticeGuidelinesinOncology（NCCNGuidelines?），EsopagealandEsophagogastricJunctionCancer，Version1.2018—March16，2018.ZhuW，SunX，XingL，etal.Oesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma:relationshipbetweenfluorine-18fludeoxyglucosepositronemissiontomographyCTmaximumstandardiseduptakevalue，metabolictumourvolume，andtumour，nodeandmetastasisclassification[J].BriJRadiol，2014，85（1016）:383-387.LevineEA，F(xiàn)armerMR，ClarkP，etal.Predictivevalueof18-fluorodeoxy-glucose-positronemissiontomography（18F-FDG-PET）intheidentificationofresponderstochemoradiationtherapyforthetreatmentoflocallyadvancedesophagealcancer.AnnSurg，2006（243）:472-8.GoelR，

SubramaniamRM，

WachsmannJW，etal.PET/Computed

Tomography

ScanningandPrecisionMedicine:

Esophageal

Cancer.PET

Clin.

2017Oct;12（4）:373-391.病理部分參考文獻(xiàn)中國消化內(nèi)鏡活組織檢查與病理學(xué)檢查規(guī)范專家共識（草案）.中華消化雜志，2014，34（9）:577-581.消化道黏膜病變內(nèi)鏡黏膜下剝離術(shù)治療專家共識.中華胃腸外科雜志，2012，15（10）:1083-1086.中國早期食管癌篩查及內(nèi)鏡診治專家共識意見（2014年，XX）.胃腸病學(xué)，2015，20（4）:220-240.中國早期食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌及癌前病變篩查與診治共識（2015年，XX）.中國醫(yī)刊，2016，51（1）:17-31.TheParisendoscopicclassificationofsuperficialneoplasticlesions:esophagus，stomach，andcolon:November30toDecember1，2002.GastrointestinalEndoscopy.2003;58（6Suppl）:S3-43.DawseySM，LewinKJ，WangGQ，etal.Squamousesophagealhistologyandsubsequentriskofsquamouscellcarcinomaoftheesophagus:Aprospectivefollow-upstudyfromLinxian，China.Cancer，1994，74（6）:1686-1692.WangGQ，AbnetCC，ShenQ，etal.Histologicalprecursorsofoesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma:Resultsfroma13yearprospectivefollowupstudyinahighriskpopulation.Gut，2005，54（2）:187-192.XueL，RenL，ZouS，etal.Parameterspredictinglymphnodemetastasisinpatientswithsuperficialesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma.ModernPathology，2012，25（10）:1364-77.外科部分及綜合治療參考文獻(xiàn)毛友生，赫捷，程貴余.我國食管癌外科治療的現(xiàn)狀與未來對策.中華腫瘤雜志，2010，32（6）:401-404.肖澤芬，楊宗貽，王綠化等.食管癌術(shù)后淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移對生存率的影響和放射治療的意義.中華腫瘤雜志2004，26（2）:112-115.彭林，陳利華，李強(qiáng)等.IvorLewis食管次全切除術(shù)和二野淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù)及其對預(yù)后的影響.中國癌癥雜志2003，13:574-576.吳昌榮，薛恒川，朱宗海等.現(xiàn)代二野淋巴結(jié)清掃食管癌切除術(shù)的療效分析.中華腫瘤雜志2009，31:630-633.安豐山，黃金球，陳少湖.217例胸段食管癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及其對預(yù)后影響的分析.癌癥2003，22:974-977.余志廉.食管癌頸胸腹淋巴結(jié)清掃研究.中國腫瘤2001，10:148-149.JunMa，ChengZhan，LinWang，etal.TheSweetApproachIsStillWorthwhileinModernEsophagectomy.AnnThoracSurg2014;97:1728–33.AltorkiN，KentM，F(xiàn)erraraC，PortJ.Three-fieldlymphnodedissectionforsquamouscellandadenocarcinomaoftheesophagus.AnnSurg.2002Aug，236（2）:177-183.ShimadaH，OkazumiS，MatsubaraH，etal.Impactofthenumberandextentofpositivelymphnodesin200patientswiththoracicesophagealsquamouscellcarcinomaafterthree-fieldlymphnodedissection.WorldJSurg.2006Aug，30（8）:1441-1449.ShiozakiH，YanoM，TsujinakaT，etal.Lymphnodemetastasisalongtherecurrentnervechainisanindicationforcervicallymphnodedissectioninthoracicesophagealcancer.DisEsophagus.2001;14（3-4）:191-6..LuketichJD，Alvelo-RiveraM，BuenaventuraPO，et

al.Minimallyinvasiveesophagectomy:outcomesin222patients.AnnSurg，2003，238（4）:486-494..NafteuxP，

MoonsJ，

CoosemansW，etal.Minimallyinvasiveoesophagectomy:avaluablealternativetoopenoesophagectomyforthetreatmentofearlyoesophagealandgastro-oesophagealjunctioncarcinoma.EurJCardiothoracSurg，

2011，40（6）:1455-1463.SihagS，WrightCD，WainJC，etal.ComparisonofperioperativeoutcomesfollowingopenverusminimallyinvasiveIvorLewisoesophagectomyatasingle，high-volumecentre.EurJCardiothoracSurg，

2012，42（3）:430-437.郭明，胡蒙，孫曉燕等.全胸腔鏡聯(lián)合非氣腹腹腔鏡輔助食管癌根治術(shù)與常規(guī)手術(shù)的對比研究.中國微創(chuàng)外科雜志2012，12（1）:53-56.TsujimotoH，TakahataR，NomuraS，etal.Video-assistedthoracoscopicsurgeryforesophagealcancerattenuatespostoperativesystemicresponsesandpulmonarycomplications.Surgery2012，151（5）:667-673.BiereSS，vanBergeHenegouwenMI，MaasKW，etal.Minimallyinvasiveversusopenoesophagectomyforpatientswithoesophagealcancer:amulticentre，open-label，randomisedcontrolledtrial.Lancet2012，379（9829）:1887-1892.vanderSluisPC，

RuurdaJP，

vanderHorstS，etal.Robot-assisted

minimally

invasive

thoraco-laparoscopic

esophagectomy

versus

open

transthoracicesophagectomy

forresectable

esophagealcancer，arandomizedcontrolledtrial（ROBOTtrial）.Trials

2012，13:230.ZhangJ，

WangR，

LiuS，etal.Refinementofminimallyinvasiveesophagectomytechniquesafter15yearsofexperience.JGastrointestSurg2012，16（9）:1768-1774.汪灝，譚黎杰，李京沛等.胸腔鏡食管癌根治術(shù)的安全性評價(jià).中華胃腸外科雜志2012，15（9）:926–929.ZhangDW，ChengGY，HuangGJ，etal.Operablesquamousesophagealcancer:currentresultsfromtheEast[J].WorldJSurg1994;18:347-354.AndoN，IizukaT，KakegawaT，etal.Arandomizedtrialofsurgerywithandwithoutchemotherapyforlocalizedsquamouscarcinomaofthethoracicesophagus:theJapanClinicalOncologyGroupStudy[J].JThoracCardiovascSurg1997;114:205-209..AndoN，IizukaT，IdeH，etal.Surgerypluschemotherapycomparedwithsurgeryaloneforlocalizedsquamouscellcarcinomaofthethoracicesophagus:aJapanClinicalOncologyGroupStudy--JCOG9204[J].JClinOncol2003;21:4592-4596.AndoN，KatoH，IgakiH，etal.Arandomizedtrialcomparingpostoperativeadjuvantchemotherapywithcisplatinand5-fluorouracilversuspreoperativechemotherapyforlocalizedadvancedsquamouscellcarcinomaofthethoracicesophagus（JCOG9907）[J].AnnSurgOncol2012;19:68-74.LeeJ，LeeKE，ImYH，etal.Adjuvantchemotherapywith5-fluorouracilandcisplatininlymphnode-positivethoracicesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma[J].AnnThoracSurg2005;80:1170-1175.HuangJ，ZhouY，ZhangH，etal.:AphaseIIstudyofbiweeklypaclitaxelandcisplatinchemotherapyforrecurrentormetastaticesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma:ERCC1expressionpredictsresponsetochemotherapy.MedOncol2013;30:343.LyuX，HuangJ，MaoY，etal.Adjuvantchemotherapyafteresophagectomy:Istherearoleinthetreatmentofthelymphnodepositivethoracicesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma?[J].JSurgOncol2014.110（7）:864-8.TeniereP，HayJM，F(xiàn)ingerhutA，F(xiàn)agniezPL.Postoperativeradiationtherapydoesnotincreasesurvivalaftercurativeresectionforsquamouscellcarcinomaofthemiddleandloweresophagusasshownbyamulticentercontrolledtrial.FrenchUniversityAssociationforSurgicalResearch[J].SurgGynecolObstet1991;173:123-130.XiaoZF，YangZY，LiangJ，etal.Valueofradiotherapyafterradicalsurgeryforesophagealcarcinoma:areportof495patients[J].AnnThoracSurg2003;75:331-336.XiaoZF，YangZY，MiaoYJ，etal.Influenceofnumberofmetastaticlymphnodesonsurvivalofcurativeresectedthoracicesophagealcancerpatientsandvalueofradiotherapy:reportof549cases[J].IntJRadiatOncolBiolPhys2005;62:82-90.TachibanaM，YoshimuraH，KinugasaS，etal.Postoperativechemotherapyvschemoradiotherapyforthoracicesophagealcancer:aprospectiverandomizedclinicaltrial[J].EurJSurgOncol2003;29:580-587.LvJ，CaoXF，ZhuB，etal.Long-termefficacyofperioperativechemoradiotherapyonesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma[J].WorldJGastroenterol2010;16:1649-1654.ChenJPJ，LiuJetal.Postoperativeradiationtherapywithorwithoutconcurrentchemotherapyfornode-positivethoracicesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma.IntJRadiatOncolBiolPhys.2013;86（4）:671-677.陳萬青，鄭榮壽，張思維，etal.2013年中國惡性腫瘤發(fā)病和死亡分析[J].中國腫瘤，2017，26（01）:1-7.放療部分參考文獻(xiàn)vanHagenP，HulshofMC，vanLanschotJJ，etal.Preoperativechemoradiotherapyforesophagealorjunctionalcancer.NEnglJMed2012，366:2074–2084.TepperJ，KrasnaMJ，NiedzwieckiD，etal.PhaseIIItrialoftrimodalitytherapywithcisplatin，fluorouracil，radiotherapy，andsurgerycomparedwithsurgeryaloneforesophagealcancer:CALGB9781.JClinOncol.2008.26（7）:1086-92.KhushalaniNI，LeichmanCG，ProulxG，etal.Oxaliplatinincombinationwithprotracted-infusionfluorouracilandradiation:reportofaclinicaltrialforpatientswithesophagealcancer.JClinOncol.2002.20（12）:2844-50.AjaniJA，MansfieldPF，CraneCH，etal.Paclitaxel-basedchemoradiotherapyinlocalizedgastriccarcinoma:degreeofpathologicresponseandnotclinicalparametersdictatedpatientoutcome.JClinOncol.2005.23（6）:1237-44.AjaniJA，WinterK，OkawaraGS，etal.PhaseIItrialofpreoperativechemoradiationinpatientswithlocalizedgastricadenocarcinoma（RTOG9904）:qualityofcombinedmodalitytherapyandpathologicresponse.JClinOncol.2006.24（24）:3953-8.BedenneL，MichelP，BouchéO，etal.Chemoradiationfollowedbysurgerycomparedwithchemoradiationaloneinsquamouscanceroftheesophagus:FFCD9102.JClinOncol.2007.25（10）:1160-8.vanHagenP，HulshofMC，vanLanschotJJ，etal.Preoperativechemoradiotherapyforesophagealorjunctionalcancer.NEnglJMed.2012.366（22）:2074-84.[8] ZhangZX，GuXZ，YinWB，HuangGJ，ZhangDW，ZhangRG.Randomizedclinicaltrialonthecombinationofpreoperativeirradiationandsurgeryinthetreatmentofadenocarcinomaofgastriccardia（AGC）--reporton370patients.IntJRadiatOncolBiolPhys.1998.42（5）:929-34.StahlM，WalzMK，StuschkeM，etal.PhaseIIIcomparisonofpreoperativechemotherapycomparedwithchemoradiotherapyinpatientswithlocallyadvancedadenocarcinomaoftheesophagogastricjunction.JClinOncol.2009.27（6）:851-6.KlevebroF，AlexanderssonvDG，WangN，etal.Arandomizedclinicaltrialofneoadjuvantchemotherapyversusneoadjuvantchemoradiotherapyforcanceroftheoesophagusorgastro-oesophagealjunction.AnnOncol.2016.27（4）:660-7.GebskiV，BurmeisterB，SmithersBM，F(xiàn)ooK，ZalcbergJ，SimesJ.Survivalbenefitsfromneoadjuvantchemoradiotherapyorchemotherapyinoesophagealcarcinoma:ameta-analysis.LancetOncol.2007.8（3）:226-34.SjoquistKM，BurmeisterBH，SmithersBM，etal.Survivalafterneoadjuvantchemotherapyorchemoradiotherapyforresectableoesophagealcarcinoma:anupdatedmeta-analysis.LancetOncol.2011.12（7）:681-92.HerskovicA，MartzK，al-SarrafM，etal.Combinedchemotherapyandradiotherapycomparedwithradiotherapyaloneinpatientswithcanceroftheesophagus.NEnglJMed.1992.326（24）:1593-8.XiaoZF，YangZY，LiangJ，etal.Valueofradiotherapyafterradicalsurgeryforesophagealcarcinoma:areportof495patients.AnnThoracSurg.2003.75（2）:331-6.YangJ，ZhangW，XiaoZ，etal.TheImpactofPostoperativeConformalRadiotherapyafterRadicalSurgeryonSurvivalandRecurrenceinPathologicT3N0M0EsophagealCarcinoma:APropensityScore-MatchedAnalysis.JThoracOncol.2017.12（7）:1143-1151.化療部分參考文獻(xiàn):MedicalResearchCouncilOesophagealCancerWorkingGroup.Surgicalresectionwithorwithoutpreoperativechemotherapyinoesophagealcancer:arandomisedcontrolledtrial.[J].Lancet，2002，359（9319）:1727-1733.AndoN，KatoH，IgakiH，etal.Arandomizedtrialcomparingpostoperativeadjuvantchemotherapywithcisplatinand5-fluorouracilversuspreoperativechemotherapyforlocalizedadvancedsquamouscellcarcinomaofthethoracicesophagus（JCOG9907）.[J].AnnalsofSurgicalOncology，2012，19（1）:68.CunninghamD，AllumWH，StenningSP，etal.Perioperativechemotherapyversussurgeryaloneforresectablegastroesophagealcancer.[J].NEnglJMed，2006，355（1）:11.YchouM，BoigeV，PignonJP，etal.Perioperativechemotherapycomparedwithsurgeryaloneforresectablegastroesophagealadenocarcinoma:anFNCLCCandFFCDmulticenterphaseIIItrial.[J].JournalofClinicalOncologyOfficialJournaloftheAmericanSocietyofClinicalOncology，2011，29（13）:1715-21.Varadhachary，GauriR.ASCO2017:GastrointestinalCancerUpdates[J].OncologyTimes，2017，39（15）:1.AndoN，IizukaT，IdeH，etal.SurgeryPlusChemotherapyComparedWithSurgeryAloneforLocalizedSquamousCellCarcinomaoftheThoracicEsophagus:AJapanClinicalOncologyGroupStudy-JCOG9204[J].JournalofClinicalOncology，2003，21（24）:4592-4596.LeeJ，LeeKE，ImYH，etal.AdjuvantChemotherapywith5-FluorouracilandCisplatininLymphNode-PositiveThoracicEsophagealSquamousCellCarcinoma[J].AnnalsofThoracicSurgery，2005，80（4）:1170-1175.ZhangJ，ZhangYW，ChenZW，etal.Adjuvantchemotherapyofcisplatin，5-fluorouracilandleucovorinforcompleteresectableesophagealcancer:acase-matchedcohortstudyineastChina[J].DiseasesoftheEsophagus，2008，21（3）:207-213.LyuX，HuangJ，MaoY，etal.Adjuvantchemotherapyafteresophagectomy:Istherearoleinthetreatmentofthelymphnodepositivethoracicesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma?[J].JournalofSurgicalOncology，2015，110（7）:864-868.CunninghamD，RaoS，StarlingN，etal.RandomisedmulticentrephaseIIIstudycomparingcapecitabinewithfluorouracilandoxaliplatinwithcisplatininpatientswithadvancedoesophagogastric（OG）cancer:TheREAL2trial.[J].JournalofClinicalOncology，2006，24（18_suppl）:182S-182S.DuttonSJ，F(xiàn)erryDR，BlazebyJM，etal.Gefitinibforoesophagealcancerprogressingafterchemotherapy（COG）:aphase3，multicentre，double-blind，placebo-controlledrandomisedtrial.[J].LancetOncology，2014，15（8）:894-904.PettyRD，DahlesmithA，DajS，etal.GefitinibandEGFRGeneCopyNumberAberrationsinEsophagealCancer.[J].JournalofClinicalOncology，2017，35（20）:2279-2287.HuangJ，F(xiàn)anQ，LuP，etal.IcotinibinPatientswithPretreatedAdvancedEsophagealSquamousCellCarcinomawithEGFROverexpressionorEGFRGeneAmplification:ASingle-Arm，MulticenterPhase2Study.[J].JournalofThoracicOncologyOfficialPublicationoftheInternationalAssociationfortheStudyofLungCancer，2016，11（6）:910-917.CrosbyT，HurtCN，F(xiàn)alkS，etal.Chemoradiotherapywithorwithoutcetuximabinpatientswithoesophagealcancer（SCOPE1）:amulticentre，phase2/3randomisedtrial.[J].LancetOncology，2013，14（7）:627-637.SuntharalingamM，WinterK，IlsonD，etal.EffectoftheAdditionofCetuximabtoPaclitaxel，Cisplatin，andRadiationTherapyforPatientsWithEsophagealCancer:TheNRGOncologyRTOG0436Phase3RandomizedClinicalTrial.[J].JamaOncology，2017，3（11）.LorenzenS，SchusterT，PorschenR，etal.Cetuximabpluscisplatin–5-fluorouracilversuscisplatin–5-fluorouracilaloneinfirst-linemetastaticsquamouscellcarcinomaoftheesophagus:arandomizedphaseIIstudyoftheArbeitsgemeinschaftInternistischeOnkologie[J].Annalsofoncology，2009，20（10）:1667-1673.LordickF，KangYK，ChungHC，etal.Capecitabineandcisplatinwithorwithoutcetuximabforpatientswithpreviouslyuntreatedadvancedgastriccancer（EXPAND）:arandomised，open-labelphase3trial[J].LancetOncology，2013，14（6）:490-499.OkinesAFC，AshleySE，CunninghamD，etal.Epirubicin，oxaliplatin，andcapecitabinewithorwithoutpanitumumabforadvancedesophagogastriccancer:dose-findingstudyfortheprospectivemulticenter，randomized，phaseII/IIIREAL-3trial[J].JournalofClinicalOncology，2010，28（25）:3945-3950.DoiT，Piha-PaulSA，JalalSI，etal.UpdatedresultsfortheadvancedesophagealcarcinomacohortofthephaseIbKEYNOTE-028studyofpembrolizumab（MK-3475）[J].JClinOncol，2016，34（suppl4S;abstr7）.KudoT，HamamotoY，KatoK，etal.Nivolumabtreatmentforoesophagealsquamous-cellcarcinoma:anopen-label，multicentre，phase2trial[J].LancetOncology，2017，18（5）:631.HuangJ，MoH，WuD，etal.PhaseIstudyoftheanti-PD-1antibodySHR-1210inpatientswithadvancedsolidtumors[J].JClinOncol2017，35（suppl_15）:e15572.內(nèi)鏡及篩查參考文獻(xiàn)王國清，魏文強(qiáng)，喬友林.食管癌篩查和早診早治的實(shí)踐與經(jīng)驗(yàn)[J].中國腫瘤.2010;19（1）:4-8.王國清，劉韻源，郝長青，等.食管黏膜碘染色圖像和淺表食管癌及癌前病變組織學(xué)的關(guān)系[J].中華腫瘤雜志.2004;26:342-344.CarvalhoR，AreiaM，BritoD，etal.Diagnosticaccuracyoflugolchromoendoscopyintheoesophagusinpatientswithheadandneckcancer[J].RevEspEnfermDig.2013;105（2）:79-83.DawseySM，F(xiàn)leischerDE，WangGQ，etal.MucosaliodinestainingimprovesendoscopicvisualizationofsquamousdysplasiaandsquamouscellcarcinomaoftheesophagusinLinxian，China[J].Cancer.1998;83（2）:220-31.PengG，LongQ，WuY，etal.Evaluationofdoublevitalstainingwithlugol'siodineandmethyleneblueindiagnosingsuperficialesophageallesions[J].ScandJGastroenterol.2011;46（4）:406-13.UedoN，F(xiàn)ujishiroM，GodaK，etal.Roleofnarrowbandimagingfordiagnosisofearly-stageesophagogastriccancer:currentconsensusofexperiencedendoscopistsinAsia-Pacificregion[J].DigEndosc.2011;23Suppl1:58-71.MutoM，MinashiK，YanoT，etal.Earlydetectionofsuperficialsquamouscellcarcinomaintheheadandneckregionandesophagusbynarrowbandimaging:amulticenterrandomizedcontrolledtrial[J].JClinOncol.2010;28（9）:1566-72.NagamiY，TominagaK，MachidaH，etal.Usefulnessofnon-magnifyingnarrow-bandimaginginscreeningofearlyesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma:aprospectivecomparativestudyusingpropensityscorematching[J].AmJGastroenterol.2014;109（6）:845-54.李艷霞，余世界，沈磊，等.內(nèi)鏡智能分光比色技術(shù)對早期食管癌及癌前病變的診斷價(jià)值[J].中華消化內(nèi)鏡雜志.2012;29:689-692.KodashimaS，F(xiàn)ujishiroM.Novelimage-enhancedendoscopywithi-scantechnology[J].WorldJGastroenterol.2010;16（9）:1043-9.LiuH，LiYQ，YuT，etal.Confocallaserendomicroscopyforsuperficialesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma[J].Endoscopy.2009;41（2）:99-106.LiM，ZuoXL，YuT，etal.Surfacematurationscoringforoesophagealsquamousintraepithelialneoplasia:anoveldiagnosticapproachinspiredbyfirstendomicroscopic3-dimensionalreconstruction[J].Gut.2013;62（11）:1547-55.李淑德，許國銘，李兆申.熒光內(nèi)鏡在上消化道疾病診斷中的應(yīng)用[J].國外醫(yī)學(xué):消化系疾病分冊.2003;23:282-284.IshiharaR，InoueT，HanaokaN，etal.Autofluorescenceimagingendoscopyforscreeningofesophagealsquamousmucosalhigh-gradeneoplasia:aphaseIIstudy[J].JGastroenterolHepatol.2012;27（1）:86-90.CiocirlanM，LapalusMG，HervieuV，etal.Endoscopicmucosalresectionforsquamouspremalignantandearlymalignantlesionsoftheesophagus[J].Endoscopy.2007;39（1）:24-9.SaitohY，KoyamaS，SaiS，etal.[Acaseofsuperficialsquamouscellcarcinomaoftheesophagusshowingmulticentricdevelopment][J].GanNoRinsho.1989;35（9）:1050-60.TakekoshiT，BabaY，OtaH，etal.Endoscopicresectionofearlygastriccarcinoma:resultsofaretrospectiveanalysisof308cases[J].Endoscopy.1994;26（4）:352-8.夏蕓，鄒曉平，呂瑛，等.內(nèi)鏡下分片黏膜切除術(shù)治療早期食管癌及癌前病變[J].中國微創(chuàng)外科雜志.2012;12:197-201.KatadaC，MutoM，TanabeS，etal.Surveillanceafterendoscopicmucosalresectionorendoscopicsubmucosaldissectionforesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma[J].DigEndosc.2013;25Suppl1:39-43.ZhangYM，BergmanJJ，WeustenB，etal.Radiofrequencyablationforearlyesophagealsquamouscellneoplasia[J].Endoscopy.2010;42（4）:327-33.BergmanJJ，ZhangYM，HeS，etal.Outcomesfromaprospectivetrialofendoscopicradiofrequencyablationofearlysquamouscellneoplasiaoftheesophagus[J].GastrointestEndosc.2011;74（6）:1181-90.VanVilsterenFG，AlvarezHerreroL，PouwRE，etal.Radiofrequencyablationfortheendoscopiceradicationofesophagealsquamoushighgradeintraepithelialneoplasiaandmucosalsquamouscellcarcinoma[J].Endoscopy.2011;43（4）:282-90.TanakaT，MatonoS，NaganoT，etal.Photodynamictherapyforlargesuperficialsquamouscellcarcinomaoftheesophagus[J].GastrointestEndosc.2011;73（1）:1-6.王國清，郝長青，魏文強(qiáng)，等.氬離子熱凝固術(shù)治療癌前病變和早期食管癌的遠(yuǎn)期效果[J].中華腫瘤雜志.2013;35:456-458.附錄A食管癌的大體分型早期/表淺食管癌推薦巴黎分型（同早期/表淺食管癌日本大體分型，即0型）:隆起型（0-Ⅰ）:又可分為有蒂隆起型（0-Ⅰp）和無蒂隆起型（0-Ⅰs）；表淺型（0-Ⅱ）:又可分為表淺隆起型（0-Ⅱa）、表淺平坦型（0-Ⅱb）和表淺凹陷型（0-Ⅱc）。同時(shí)具有表淺隆起和表淺凹陷的病灶根據(jù)表淺隆起/表淺凹陷的比例分為表淺凹陷+表淺隆起型（0-Ⅱc+Ⅱa型）和表淺隆起+表淺凹陷型（0-Ⅱa+Ⅱc型）。凹陷（潰瘍）型（0-Ⅲ）:凹陷和表淺凹陷結(jié)合的病灶根據(jù)凹陷/表淺凹陷的比例分為表淺凹陷+凹陷型（0-Ⅱc+Ⅲ型）和凹陷+表淺凹陷型（0-Ⅲ+Ⅱc型）。進(jìn)展期食管癌推薦國內(nèi)分型:髓質(zhì)型:以食管壁增厚為特點(diǎn)，邊緣坡狀隆起。蕈傘型:腫瘤邊緣隆起，唇狀/蘑菇樣外翻，表面可伴有淺潰瘍。潰瘍型:少見，此類型也可見于早期癌。中央有明顯潰瘍，通常伴有邊緣隆起（與Borrmann分型的2或3型對應(yīng)）?？s窄型:以管腔明顯狹窄為特點(diǎn)，患者的吞咽困難癥狀明顯。腔內(nèi)型:少見，此類型也可見于早期癌。病變像蘑菇樣或大息肉樣，有細(xì)蒂。附錄B食管癌WHO組織學(xué)類型（參照2010版消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤WHO分類）組織學(xué)類型ICD-O編碼鱗狀細(xì)胞癌特殊亞型:疣狀癌梭形細(xì)胞鱗狀細(xì)胞癌基底細(xì)胞樣鱗狀細(xì)胞癌8070/38051/38074/38083/3腺癌8140/3黏液表皮樣癌8430/3未分化癌8020/3神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌腫瘤:神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌瘤（NET）NETG1NETG2神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌癌（NEC）小細(xì)胞癌大細(xì)胞神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌癌混合性腺神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌癌8240/38249/38246/38041/38013/38244/3

附錄C食管癌TNM分期（2017年第8版AJCC）食管癌TNM分期中T、N、M的定義原發(fā)腫瘤（T）TX原發(fā)腫瘤不能評價(jià)T0沒有原發(fā)腫瘤的證據(jù)Tis高級別上皮內(nèi)瘤變/異型增生T1腫瘤侵及黏膜固有層、黏膜肌層或黏膜下層T1a腫瘤侵及黏膜固有層或黏膜肌層T1b腫瘤侵及黏膜下層T2腫瘤侵及固有肌層T3腫瘤侵及食管纖維膜T4腫瘤侵及鄰近結(jié)構(gòu)T4a腫瘤侵及胸膜、心包、奇靜脈、膈肌或腹膜T4b腫瘤侵及其它鄰近結(jié)構(gòu)如主動脈、椎體或氣道區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)（N）NX區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)不能評價(jià)N0無區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移N11-2個(gè)區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移N23-6個(gè)區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移N3≥7個(gè)區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移（M）M0無遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移M1有遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌病理TNM分期（pTNM）預(yù)后分組:分期TNM組織學(xué)分級部位0ⅠAⅠBⅡAⅡBⅢAⅢBⅣAⅣBTis（HGD）N0M0T1aN0M0T1aN0M0T1aN0M0T1bN0M0T1bN0M0T2N0M0T2N0M0T2N0M0T3N0M0T3N0M0T3N0M0T3N0M0T3N0M0T1N1M0T1N2M0T2N1M0T2N2M0T3N1-2M0T4aN0-1M0T4aN2M0T4bN0-2M0任何TN3M0任何T任何NM1高分化分化程度不確定中或低分化任何分化分化程度不確定高分化中或低分化分化程度不確定任何分化高分化中或低分化分化程度不確定任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化任何部位任何部位任何部位任何部位任何部位任何部位任何部位任何部位任何部位下段食管上或中段食管上或中段食管任何部位部位不確定任何部位任何部位任何部位任何部位任何部位任何部位任何部位任何部位任何部位任何部位食管腺癌/食管胃交界部腺癌病理TNM分期（pTNM）預(yù)后分組:分期TNM組織學(xué)分級0ⅠAⅠAⅠBⅠCⅡAⅡBⅢAⅢBⅣAⅣBTis（HGD）N0M0T1aN0M0T1aN0M0T1aN0M0T1bN0M0T1bN0M0T1N0M0T2N0M0T2N0M0T2N0M0T1N1M0T3N0M0T1N2M0T2N1M0T2N2M0T3N1-2M0T4aN0-1M0T4aN2M0T4bN0-2M0任何TN3M0任何T任何NM1高分化分化程度不確定中分化高或中分化分化程度不確定低分化高或中分化低分化分化程度不確定任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化任何分化注釋:1．HGD，高級別上皮內(nèi)瘤變/異型增生。2．要達(dá)到準(zhǔn)確分期，區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)的數(shù)目應(yīng)該≥12個(gè)。3．腫瘤部位按照腫瘤中心的位置分段（分上、中、下段，上段=頸段+胸上段，中段=胸中段；下段=胸下段+腹段）。4．若腫瘤累及食管胃交界部，腫瘤中心在食管胃交界部食管側(cè)者或在胃側(cè)2cm之內(nèi)者（Siewert分型Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型），按食管癌分期；腫瘤中心在近端胃2cm之外（Siewert分型Ⅲ型）按胃癌分期。腫瘤中心雖在近端胃2cm之內(nèi)但未累及食管胃交界部者，按胃癌分期。5．基底細(xì)胞樣鱗狀細(xì)胞癌、梭形細(xì)胞鱗狀細(xì)胞癌、小細(xì)胞癌、大細(xì)胞神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌癌及未分化癌按低分化鱗狀細(xì)胞癌分期?；旌嫌绪[狀細(xì)胞癌成分的混合型癌（如腺鱗癌）或組織學(xué)類型不明確的按鱗狀細(xì)胞癌分期。6．食管的神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌瘤（NET）十分罕見，其分期參照胃腸道神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌瘤的TNM分期。7．本分期不適用于非上皮性腫瘤，如淋巴瘤、肉瘤、胃腸道間質(zhì)瘤和黑色素瘤等。

食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌臨床TNM分期（cTNM）預(yù)后分組:分期TNM0ⅠⅡⅢⅣAⅣBTis（HGD）N0M0T1N0-1M0T2N0-1M0T3N0M0T3N1M0T1-3N2M0T4N0-2M0任何TN3M0任何T任何NM1食管腺癌/食管胃交界部腺癌臨床TNM分期（cTNM）預(yù)后分組:分期TNM0ⅠⅡAⅡBⅢⅣAⅣBTis（HGD）N0M0T1N0M0T1N1M0T2N0M0T2N1M0T3N0-1M0T4aN0-1M0T1-4aN2M0T4bN0-2M0任何TN3M0任何T任何NM1食管癌新輔助治療后病理分期（ypTNM）預(yù)后分組（食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌與食管腺癌/食管胃交界部腺癌相同）:分期TNMⅠⅡⅢAⅢBⅣAⅣBT0-2N0M0T3N0M0T0-2N1M0T3N1M0T0-3N2M0T4aN0M0T4aN1-2M0T4aNXM0T4bN0-2M0任何TN3M0任何T任何NM1附錄D新輔助治療后病理學(xué)評估:術(shù)前新輔助放/化療治療反應(yīng)的程度與預(yù)后密切相關(guān)。CAP（CollegeofAmericanPathologists）/NCCN（TheNationalComprehensiveCancerNetwork）指南的新輔助治療后病理學(xué)評估標(biāo)準(zhǔn):診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)腫瘤退縮分級無存活癌細(xì)胞0（完全反應(yīng)）單個(gè)或小簇癌細(xì)胞殘留1（中度反應(yīng)）殘留癌灶伴間質(zhì)纖維化2（輕度