[語法初識]原句感知自主探究①．．．Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingarealookingaroundcuriously．②Istoodforaminutewatchingthemandthenwenttogreetthem．③Shesteppedbackappearingsurprised．．．④ThenAkiraNagatafromJapancameinsmiling,togetherwithGeorgeCookfromCanada．⑤WhenDarleneCoulonfromFrancecamedashingthroughthedoor．．．⑥Turningaround,shesawanambulancedrivingaway．⑦Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,leavingtheprojectunfinished．⑧Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoff．⑨Havingwrittenaletter,Ilistenedtomusicforawhile．(1)動詞-ing形式在句中可作伴隨狀語(句①、②、③、④、⑤)，時間狀語(句⑥)，結(jié)果狀語(句⑦)，原因狀語(句⑧、⑨)。(2)假設(shè)動詞-ing短語為一般式，表示動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生(句⑧)；假設(shè)動詞-ing短語為完成式，表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前(句⑨)。(3)動詞-ing形式的邏輯主語都是句子的主語(句①～⑨)。[語法剖析]語法點一現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的用法現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)在句中作狀語用來修飾謂語動詞或整個句子，表示動作發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、方式、讓步或伴隨狀況。1．作時間狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語時，常放在句首，相當于一個時間狀語從句。Hearingthenoise,Iturnedround．＝WhenIheardthenoise,Iturnedround．聽到響聲我轉(zhuǎn)過身去。2．作原因狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語時，相當于一個原因狀語從句，也可以放在句首。Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset．＝Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset．由于貧窮，他買不起一臺電視機。3．作條件狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語時，相當于一個if引導的條件狀語從句。Workinghard,you'llcertainlysucceed．＝Ifyouworkhard,you'llcertainlysucceed．只要努力學習，你肯定會成功的。4．作結(jié)果狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語時，通常放在句末，中間用逗號隔開，表示一種順其自然、意料之中的結(jié)果。Thefirelastedawholenight,causinggreatdamage．大火持續(xù)了一整夜，造成了巨大損失。[點津]現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，是隨著謂語動詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，其邏輯主語往往是前面整個句子所描述的情況，前面有時候可以加thus。而不定式作結(jié)果狀語時常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，有時前面可以加only。試比擬：Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold．被雨淋后他感冒了。Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofinditwasSunday．我匆忙趕到學校，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)是星期天。5．作讓步、方式和伴隨狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步、方式和伴隨狀語時，說明動作發(fā)生的背景和情況。作伴隨狀語時，表示分詞的動作和主句的動作同時發(fā)生，此時它可轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句。Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook．＝Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroomandwasreadingabook．瑪麗坐在教室的窗邊讀一本書。即時演練11－1．用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語改寫以下句子①Whensheturnedaround,shesawacardrivingup．→Turningaround,shesawacardrivingup．②Theystoodthereandwaitedforthebus．→Theystoodthere,waitingforthebus．③Ashewasill,hecouldn'tattendthemeeting．→Beingill,_hecouldn'tattendthemeeting．1－2．完成句子④(湖南高考改編)Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,staring_at_the_night_sky(凝視著夜空)．⑤Being_too_old(因為年老),hecouldn'ttakeaplane．語法點二現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的考前須知1．現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，要注意分詞的時間性，是用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing)，還是用完成式(havingdone)。(1)當現(xiàn)在分詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生時，用分詞的一般式。Walkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine．我正在大街上行走時，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和謂語動詞met同時發(fā)生)(2)當現(xiàn)在分詞的動作先發(fā)生，而謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生時，用分詞的完成式。Havingfinishedtheletter,hewenttopostit．他寫完信后就把它寄了出去。(havingfinished是先發(fā)生的，went是后發(fā)生的)即時演練2用所給動詞的適當形式填空①Seeing_(see)nobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote．②Having_suffered(suffer)suchheavypollution,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver．③Having_lived(live)inBeijingforyears,Ialmostknoweveryplacequitewell．④(江西高考改編)Having_spent(spend)nearlyallourmoney,wecouldn'taffordtostayatahotel．2．現(xiàn)在分詞的語態(tài)使用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式還是被動式，這主要取決于現(xiàn)在分詞和句子主語之間的關(guān)系。句子的主語就是分詞的邏輯主語。Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy．(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式)被領(lǐng)著參觀了工廠后，他們很快樂。Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed．(現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式)完成了作業(yè)后，他上床睡覺。即時演練33－1．用所給動詞的適當形式填空①Being_talked(talk)to,youshouldlookintotheeyesoftheperson．②Having_been_told(tell)forseveraltimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandtherules．③Hearing(hear)thebadnews,shedidn'tknowwhattodo．3－2．單句改錯④(重慶高考改編)Beingaskedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm．Being_asked→Having_been_asked3．動詞-ing形式的否認式：not＋v．-ing;nothaving＋v．-edNotknowingthis,hedidn'tcome．他不知道這件事，所以沒來。Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthesportsmeeting．因為沒有做好充分的準備，我們把運動會延期了。4．獨立主格動詞-ing形式作狀語，有時它也可以有自己獨立的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，通常用來表示伴隨的動作或情況，也可以表示時間、原因或條件。Allthestudentshavingsatdown,thelecturebegan．所有學生坐好之后，講座開始了。Thenewyearcoming,wewerehappy．新年來了，我們很快樂。Theregulationpermitting,Iwillgowithyou．制度允許的話，我就和你去。即時演練44－1．用現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)改寫以下句子①Ifweatherpermits,weshallgothereonfoot．→Weatherpermitting,_weshallgothereonfoot．②AfterMarycameback,theydiscussedittogether．→Marycomingback,_theydiscussedittogether．4－2．完成句子③(江蘇高考改編)The_lecture_having_been_given(講座結(jié)束后),alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed．④Spring_coming_on(春天來了),thetreesturnedgreen．5．現(xiàn)在分詞作評注性狀語有些現(xiàn)在分詞在句中沒有邏輯主語，它們往往作為句子的評注性狀語來修飾整個句子，說明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點等。例如：generallyspeaking“一般來說〞，judgingby/from．．．“從……判斷〞，takingeverythingintoconsideration“從全盤考慮〞。Judgingfromhisbehaviour,hemustbemad．從他的行為來判斷，他一定是瘋了。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremoreinterestedinliteraturethanboys．一般來說，女孩比男孩對文學更感興趣。[鏈接高考]用所給動詞的適當形式填空1．(2023·北京高考)Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,turning(turn)theoldtownintoadreamland．2．(2023·天津高考)Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,making(make)airconditioningunnecessary．3．(2023·天津高考)Having_worked(work)fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule．4．(2023·重慶高考)Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirwayusing(use)thesunandthestars．5．(2023·湖北高考)Looking(look)atthebeefbeingcookedonthestove,themotherpicturedthewholefamilyhavingmealstogether．6．(2023·湖南高考)Whentheclerksawakindfacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,wondering(wonder)whethertostayorleave．7．(2023·福建高考)Having_spent(spend)thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage．[針對演練]Ⅰ．用所給動詞的適當形式填空1．Pressedfromhisparents,andrealizing(realize)thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames．2．Disappearing(disappear)fromviewdaybyday,thesingeristurningtohismemoriesforcomfort．3．Gathering(gather)aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople．4．MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,making(make)itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother．5．Not_having_completed(complete)theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks．6．Judging(judge)fromtheappearance,itisverypeaceful,butinfact,awarwillbreakoutsoon．7．Thedecisionhaving_been_made(make),whatistobedonenowishowtocarryitout．8．Tasting_(taste)goodandsweet,thiskindofpearwassoonsoldoutinthemarket．9．Hesatinachairundertheshadeofthetree,reading(read)anovel．10．Theoldman,having_worked(work)abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland．Ⅱ．完成句子1．Thestudentswalkedonthestreet,talking_and_laughing．學生們走在街上，又說又笑。2．Hearing_the_news,_hecouldn'thelplaughing．一聽到那個消息，他禁不住大笑起來。3．Having_worked_hard_for_many_years,_hefinallyachievedhisdream．努力工作了很多年后，他終于實現(xiàn)了夢想。4．Thechildslippedandfell,hitting_his_head_against_the_door．那男孩滑了一跤，頭撞到了門上。5．Having_been_told_many_times,_hestilldidn'tlearntheserulesbyheart．盡管被告知了很屢次，他還是沒把這些規(guī)定記下來。Ⅲ．短文改錯Dearclassmates，Ithin