英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)EnglishTense2一、時(shí)態(tài)概述時(shí):表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間－現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、未來(lái)和過(guò)去未來(lái).態(tài):表示動(dòng)作進(jìn)行到何種程度－普通動(dòng)作、進(jìn)行動(dòng)作、完成動(dòng)作和完成進(jìn)行動(dòng)作.16種時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在過(guò)去未來(lái)過(guò)去未來(lái)普通動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在普通過(guò)去普通未來(lái)普通過(guò)去未來(lái)普通進(jìn)行動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行過(guò)去進(jìn)行未來(lái)進(jìn)行過(guò)去未來(lái)進(jìn)行完成動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在完成過(guò)去完成未來(lái)完成過(guò)去未來(lái)完成完成進(jìn)行動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行未來(lái)完成進(jìn)行過(guò)去未來(lái)完成進(jìn)行3二、普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法1:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或者存在狀態(tài).

Heoftengoestothegym.Ilikethericefordinner.Hedoesn’tworkhand.形式:do

或does(第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù))此使用方法常與一些表示動(dòng)作頻率時(shí)間副詞連用(副詞放在be動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前).1)表示必定頻率副詞:always,frequently,usually,sometimes,often,occasionally,generally

等.2)表示否定頻率副詞:never,seldom,rarely

等.Healwaysgoestoschoolbybike.4使用方法2:表示不受時(shí)間限制事實(shí)陳說(shuō)或客觀性真理.

Theearthmovesaroundthesun.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.Knowledgeispower.二、普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法3:有時(shí)用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生動(dòng)作.

Here

comesyourfriend.

There

goesourbus;we’llhavetowaitforthenextone.用在以there或here開(kāi)頭句中,表示當(dāng)前短暫動(dòng)作.5使用方法4:有時(shí)用普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示未來(lái)發(fā)生動(dòng)作.二、普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本使用方法

Pleaseletmeknowwhenhecomesback.Whatareyougoingtodowhenyouleaveschool.I’llgivethebooktohimassoonasIseehim.I’llbegladifshecomesovertovisitme.主要用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句(if,unless)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(when,assoonas,befor,after,etc.)中,表示未來(lái)動(dòng)作.6三、普通過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)普通過(guò)去時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法1:表示過(guò)去時(shí)間所發(fā)生動(dòng)作或存在狀態(tài).形式:didHewaslateforschoolthismorning.Iboughtthiscomputerthreeyearsago.Iwastiredlastnight,soIwenttobedearly.使用方法2:表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間一直連續(xù)或重復(fù)發(fā)生動(dòng)作.Heusedtodomorningexercises.Ilivedinthecountryfortenyears.Hetookawalkaftersupperwhenhewasalive.7四、普通未來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)普通未來(lái)時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法1:表示預(yù)測(cè)將要發(fā)生某事,用will或begoingtodo.形式:willdo或begoingtodobegoingto

尤其意指依據(jù)當(dāng)前顯著跡象來(lái)推斷某件事要發(fā)生;will

則只是表名說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為或相信某件事要發(fā)生.begoingto

通慣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人預(yù)期所說(shuō)事件馬上或在相當(dāng)近未來(lái)就要發(fā)生;will

所表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間可近可遠(yuǎn).Lookatthisblackclouds!It’s

goingtorain.Ifeelterrible,IthinkI’m

goingtobesick.Thebridgewillcollapse.Thebridgeisgoingtocollapse.8四、普通未來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)普通未來(lái)時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法2:表示行動(dòng)計(jì)劃時(shí)用begoingtodo;表示意愿時(shí)用will.begoingto

表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)未來(lái)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃或打算,通常是事先考慮并含有已經(jīng)為這一行動(dòng)作了一些準(zhǔn)備意思.will

表示意愿,則表示在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻馬上做出決定,表明將去做某事,并沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮,更沒(méi)有為這一活動(dòng)做出事先準(zhǔn)備.IhaveboughtacomputerandI’m

goingtolearnthecomputerscience.Someoneisknockingatthedoor.I’llgoandopenit.-Iamthirsty.-Iwillmakeyouahotcupoftea.9五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法1:表示說(shuō)話此刻動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行.形式:am/is/are+doingHeisnotavailablenow.heistalkingonthephone.Pleasedon’tmakesomuchnoise.Iamstudying.使用方法2:表示現(xiàn)階段正在連續(xù)動(dòng)作,說(shuō)話時(shí)刻動(dòng)作不一定正在發(fā)生.ThesedaysIamtranslatingabook.Iamfeedingtheneighbor’scatthisweekwhileshe’sinhospital.Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.10五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法3:表示最近未來(lái)一定安排.通常含有“計(jì)劃”,“安排做”之意.Iamtakingamakeuptesttomorrow.—whatareyoudoingonSaturdaynight?—I’mdoingsomeshoppingwithJane.使用方法4:常與always,forever,continually,constantly

等連用,表示埋怨,厭煩,不合情理或使人不愉快事.He’salwaysmessingupthekitchen.He’s

continuallyaskingmeformoney.11六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法1:用來(lái)描述一個(gè)過(guò)去特定時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生事情.形式:was/were+doing

Iwasdiscussingmythesiswithmydirectoratthistimelastnight.使用方法2:常與普通過(guò)去時(shí)配合使用.此時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)通常表示一個(gè)歷時(shí)較長(zhǎng)體系”背景”動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);而普通過(guò)去時(shí)則表示此”背景”下發(fā)生短暫動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作先發(fā)生,普通過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)作后發(fā)生.

IwaswatchingTVwhenthephonerang.IcutmyfingerwhenIwascookingthedinnerlastnight.12七、未來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)未來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法1:表示未來(lái)某一特定時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作.形式:willbedoingI’ll

belyingonabeachinSanyathistimetomorrow.Waituntilsevero’clocksothattheywon’tstillbeeating.Don’tcallmeatninetomorrowbecauseIwillbestudyingatthelibrary.13知識(shí)擴(kuò)展：不用進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞1)事實(shí)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞：have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue…Ihavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister.2)心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞：know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate…Ineedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.3)瞬間動(dòng)詞：accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse…Iacceptyouradvice.4)系動(dòng)詞：seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn…Youseemalittletired.14現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法1:延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).形式:have/hasdone八、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)開(kāi)始于過(guò)去動(dòng)作一直連續(xù)現(xiàn)在，而且還可能繼續(xù)連續(xù)下去。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞普通為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

Ihavelivedherefor3years.TheteacherhastaughtinthisschoolsinceIcamehere.Sincetimebegan,manhaslivedinfearoffire.15知識(shí)擴(kuò)展：與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)搭配時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1)Since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)Ihaveworkedinthiscompanysince1980.2)for+時(shí)間段GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChangshaforthepastfewyears.3)“到當(dāng)前為止…”：untilnow,upuntilnow,uptonow,uptillnow,sofar…

Wehaveupuntilnowfailedtotakeanyactiontodecideonacommonlanguagethatwouldfurthercommunicationbetweennations.4)“在最近幾世紀(jì)/年/月以來(lái)…”：in/overthepastfewyears,forthelastfewcenturies,throughouthistory,throughcenturies…

Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdie,fortheverynatureoflifeincludesdeath.16現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法2:過(guò)去發(fā)生但與現(xiàn)在仍有聯(lián)絡(luò)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).八、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示在不確定過(guò)去發(fā)生動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞普通為短暫性動(dòng)詞。Hehasbrokenhisleg.Hebrokehisleg.試比較17知識(shí)擴(kuò)展：第二種現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)使用技巧1)這種完成時(shí)態(tài)必定句不與“一段時(shí)間”時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用Hehaslefthishometownfor3years.(經(jīng)典錯(cuò)誤)Helefthishometown3yearsago.Hehasbeenawayfromhishometownfor3years.Note:

短暫性動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)句子若用否定句，表示還未發(fā)生事情，則可作為一個(gè)狀態(tài)，表示延續(xù)。

Ihaven’tboughtapairofshoesforayear.2)與不確定時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：

already,yet,often,just,never...Hehasalreadyarrived.Hasitstoppedrainingyet?3)含有“新聞”性質(zhì),強(qiáng)調(diào)是事件內(nèi)容，而不是事件發(fā)生過(guò)去詳細(xì)時(shí)間ThePresidenthasbeenassassinated.Hecan’tgoonholidaybecausehehasbrokenhisleg.18現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法3:到當(dāng)前一個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生動(dòng)作.八、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示到當(dāng)前為止一個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生動(dòng)作。

Wehavetakenthreetestssofarthisweek.IhavemademanynewfriendssinceIcametoChangsha.19知識(shí)擴(kuò)展：其它使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)1)

This/That/Itis+序數(shù)詞+名詞+that+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ItisthethirdtimethatI’vecometoBeijing.Itisthefifthtimethatsomeonehasknockedatmydoor.2)This/That/Itis+最高級(jí)或only修飾名詞+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatI’veeverseen.ItistheworstbookthatI’veeverread.總之：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)總是與現(xiàn)在有著親密聯(lián)絡(luò)；或是表示到現(xiàn)在為止這一段時(shí)間“一直在延續(xù)”或“重復(fù)發(fā)生”動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；或是表示影響現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況事件。20知識(shí)擴(kuò)展：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和普通過(guò)去時(shí)比較1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)第二種使用方法表示也是過(guò)去動(dòng)作或情況，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在影響時(shí)才用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Ihaven’tseenhimthismorning.(說(shuō)話時(shí)間thismorning)Ididn’tseehimthismorning.（說(shuō)話時(shí)間“今天晚上或下午”）2)

在用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)分

Hehasbeeninthearmyfor6years.(他入伍以來(lái)已經(jīng)6年了。)Hewasinthearmyfor6years.(他當(dāng)過(guò)6年兵，現(xiàn)在不是了。)Ihavesmokedfor2years.(我有兩年煙齡了。)Ismokedfor2years.(我抽了兩年煙，現(xiàn)在不抽了。)21過(guò)去完成時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法1:開(kāi)始于過(guò)去之前(即過(guò)去過(guò)去)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去這一時(shí)刻仍在進(jìn)行.九、過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，這一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直連續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)刻，而且到這一過(guò)去時(shí)刻還沒(méi)有結(jié)束病仍有可能繼續(xù)連續(xù)下去。Ihadlearned1000wordsbytheendoflastyear.Ihadwaitedforherfortwohoursissuchaseverewinterwhensheeventuallyturnedup,whichdrovememad.形式:haddone22過(guò)去完成時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法2:表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去之前動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)到過(guò)去這一時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)停頓.九、過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，這一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在這一過(guò)去時(shí)刻之前即已結(jié)束，而且沒(méi)有連續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)刻。此時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)動(dòng)作為短暫動(dòng)作。

HehadmadeeverythingreadybeforeIcame.

Herbabyhadfallenasleepwhenshewentintotheroom.23過(guò)去完成時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法3:在過(guò)去之前開(kāi)始動(dòng)作，在過(guò)去之前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生.九、過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)Ihadwrittenher100letterswhenshefinallypromisedtomarryme.Ihadproposedtoherfivetimes,butshestillrefusedtomarryme.24過(guò)去完成時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法4:intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think,propose,wish等動(dòng)詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃、構(gòu)想、意圖或希望等.九、過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)

Ihadintendedtoseeyou,butIwasbusy.Theyhadhopedtoseeyouoffattheairport,buttheygottheretoolate.使用方法4:用在“Itwasthe+序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)+that+…”句型中.ItwasthethirdtimethatIhadmethim.25知識(shí)擴(kuò)展：過(guò)去完成時(shí)和普通過(guò)去時(shí)比較1)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上相繼發(fā)生動(dòng)作，用and或but按動(dòng)作發(fā)生先后次序連接，此時(shí)用普通過(guò)去時(shí)；過(guò)去完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻后顧跟早動(dòng)作。Heopenedthedoorandentered,butfoundnobody.Irealizedthatwehadmetbefore.2)

在表示兩個(gè)相繼發(fā)生動(dòng)作時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作完成之后，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作才開(kāi)始發(fā)生，從而使得兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相互獨(dú)立；普通過(guò)去時(shí)則可能表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作造成另一個(gè)動(dòng)作，或兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間有一中因果關(guān)系。

WhenIhadopenedallthewindowsIsatdownandhadacupoftea.WhenIhadopenedthewindowthecatjumpedout.26未來(lái)完成時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法1:延續(xù)到未來(lái)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).十、未來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)形式:willhavedoneIwillhavelearned10000wordsbytheendofthenextyear.Theoldmanwillhaveworkedinthisfactoryfor50yearswhenheretiresnextmonth.27未來(lái)完成時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法2:如同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)第二種使用方法未來(lái)完成時(shí).十、未來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)Bytheyear2050,scientistsprobablywillhavediscoveredacureforcancer.

Wewillhavefinishedourexambytheendofnextweek.28未來(lái)完成時(shí)基本使用方法使用方法3:在未來(lái)之前開(kāi)始動(dòng)作，在未來(lái)之前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生.十、未來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)Byfiveo’clockthisafternoonthespaceshipwillhavetraveledeleventimesaroundtheearth.291.Theoldman_____twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital.

A.diedB.woulddieC.haddiedD.hasdied

2.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon___tohisoldways.

A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned

3.I_____myson_____adoctor,buthewasn’tgoodenoughatscience.

A.hoped;wouldbecome B.hadhoped;wouldbecome

C.hadhoped;willbecome D.hope;willbecome

4.I_____totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn’tabletogetaway.

A.hopeB.havehoped C.hadhopedD.hoped

5.Helen___herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband___home.A.hasleft;comes B.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;came D.hadleft;wouldcome

英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)AABCC306.—Look!Howwonderfulmycaris!Oh,Jack.Whatareyouthinkingabout?Don’tyoulikeit?—I’msorryI______anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkit’ssmart.A.wasn’tmaking

B.don’tmake

C.won’tmake

D.didn’tmake7.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity______sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischanging

B.haschanged

C.willhavechanged

D.willchange8.He______quitewell,buthehasn’thadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswim

B.haveswum

C.swam

D.swims9.Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup,buthe____bynow.A.hasn’tturnedup

B.doesn’tturnup

C.won’tturnup

D.hadn’tturnedup英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)DADA3110.I’mterriblysorryforbeinglate,butI_____thewrongbus.A.catch

B.hadcaught

C.caught

D.catching11.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_______acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim.A.wastowalk

B.hadbeenwalking

C.walked

D.waswalking12.Ireallydon’tthinkRosewillbeupset,butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe_____.A.is

B.does

C.willbe

D.hasbeen13.Thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest,butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey___.A.wereplaying

B.weretoplay

C.hadplayed

D.played英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)ACDB3214.—Kateisinhospital.—Oh,really?I_______.________visither.A.didn’tknow;I’llgoand

B.don’tknow;I’llgoandC.don’tknow;I’mgoingto

D.didn’tknow;I’mgoingto15.—Where_______theguidebook?Ican’tseeitanywhere.