書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海海關(guān)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

AccordingtoScottAdams,creatorofthecomicstrip（系列漫畫）Dilbert,theannualperformancereviewis“oneofthemostfrighteningandweakeningexperiences”ineveryemployee’slife.Adams’storiesandcomicfigurespokefunattheworkplace,buthischaracterizationofpeople’sfeelingsabouttheannualperformancereviewhasitsseriousside.Althougharecentstudyof437companiesindicatesthateffectiveannualperformancereviewscanhelpraiseprofits,mostemployeesofthosecompanieshatethem.

Intheory,annualperformancereviewsareconstructiveandpositiveinteractionsbetweenmanagersandemployeesworkingtogethertoattainmaximumperformanceandstrengthentheorganization.Inreality,theyoftencreatedivision,underminemorale,andsparkangerandjealousy.Thusalthoughtheobjectoftheannualperformancereviewistoimproveperformance,itoftenhastheoppositeresult.AprogrammeratanITfirmwasstunnedtolearnatherannualperformancereviewthatshewasdeniedapromotionbecauseshewasn’ta“termplayer”.Whatwerethedatausedtomakethisjudgment?Shedidn’tsmileinthecompanyphoto.

AlthoughthisstorymightsoundasifitcamestraightoutofDilbert,itisatrueaccountofonewoman’sexperience.Byfollowingafewideasandguidelinesfromindustryanalysis,thiskindofordealcanbeavoided:

Toendtheyearwithapositiveandusefulperformancereview,managersandemployeesmuststarttheyearbyworkingtogethertoestablishcleargoalsandexpectations.

Itmaybehelpfultoallowemployeestoproposealistofpeopleassociatedwiththecompanywhowillbeinagoodpositiontoassesstheirperformanceattheendoftheyear;thesepeoplemaybeco?workers,suppliers,orevencustomers.

Goalsshouldbemeasurablebutflexible,andeveryoneshouldsignoffontheplan.

Bycheckingemployees’progressataboutninemonths,managerscangivethemachancetocorrectmistakesandprovideguidancetothosewhoneeditbeforetheyearisout.

Whenconductingthereview,managersshouldhighlightstrengthsandweaknessesduringthepastyearanddiscussfutureresponsibilities,avoidingpunishmentorblame.

Inshort,whenemployeesleavetheirperformancereviews,theyshouldbefocusingonwhattheycandobetterintheyearahead,notworryingaboutwhatwentintotheirfilesaboutthepast.

1.InhiscomicstripDilbert,ScottAdams（）.

2.AllthefollowingarementionedasthedrawbacksofannualperformancereviewsEXCEPT（）

3.Theword"ordeal"inParagraph3probablyrefersto（）.

4.Theannualperformancereviews,tobeeffectivemustfocuson（）.

5.ThegeneralattitudeoftheauthortowardAdam'scomicstripDilbertis（）.

問題1選項

A.makesfunofworkingpeople

B.tellsastoryaboutaswomanemployee

C.promotesteamspiritamongco-workers

D.mocksannualperformancereviews

問題2選項

A.reducingefficiency

B.creatingtension

C.underminingmorale

D.inducinganger

問題3選項

A.likelihoodofpromotion

B.depressiveexperience

C.poorperformance

D.unrealisticexpectation

問題4選項

A.makingemployeesawareoftheircompany'sfuturegoals

B.involvingemployeesinassessingtheirownperformance

C.encouragingemployeestoachievebetterfutureperformance

D.highlightingwhatresponsibilitiesemployeeshavefailedin

問題5選項

A.negative

B.positive

C.neutral

D.unclear

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“ScottAdams”定位到第一段的第二句。“Adams'storiesandcomicfigures...theannualperformancereviewhasitsseriousside.”Adams的故事和喜劇形象嘲諷了工作場合，但對員工關(guān)于年度績效評估感受的描繪也有其嚴(yán)肅的一面。選項D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Inreality,theyoftencreatedivision,underminemorale,andsparkangerandjealousy.”只有選項A沒有提及，所以本題選A。

3.結(jié)合上下文句意可知，“ordeal”指上文提到的IT公司一位女程序員的痛苦經(jīng)歷。選項B正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段“whenemployeesleavetheirperformancereviews,theyshouldbefocusingonwhattheycandobetterintheyearahead.”當(dāng)員工把績效評估放在一旁時，他們應(yīng)該關(guān)注來年能夠更好的完成什么。選項C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第一段可知，Adams的漫畫嘲諷了工作場合，但對員工關(guān)于年度績效評估感受的描繪也有其嚴(yán)肅的一面。再根據(jù)第二段可知，作者認(rèn)為年度績效評估會帶來反作用，所以作者對Adams漫畫的態(tài)度是積極的，支持的。

2.單選題

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasfactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether,themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth.Theywouldproducecolds,catarrhs（粘膜炎）andconsumptions（肺癌）.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementforthetrainmightproduceapoplexy（中風(fēng)）.Thesuddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculationpromotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetosixforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentruckssothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthenewmodeexceptspeed.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribethemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

1.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept（

）.

3.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut（

）.

4.Wemaysafelyconcludethat（

）

5.Whatisthetoneofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether.

B.peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C.alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely

D.railwayleadstheworldtopeace

問題2選項

A.therailwayenablespeopletotravelfast

B.therailwaybringscomforttopeople

C.therailwaymakestheworldpeaceful

D.therailwayleadstheworldtowar.

問題3選項

A.tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth.

B.thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople’snerves

C.therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople’slungs.

D.tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie

問題4選項

A.theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroup

B.theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroup

C.theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailway

D.theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers.

問題5選項

A.Practical

B.Neutral

C.Humorous

D.Exaggerated

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether,themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat提到他們都沒有預(yù)見在一起的人越多，戰(zhàn)爭的可能性就越大。任何一個大家庭的男孩或者女孩都知道。選項C符合題意，“很多人在一起可能打架”。

2.文章第一段第一句thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasfactorinworldpeace提到那些歡迎鐵路的人認(rèn)為鐵路不僅僅是一種快速且舒適的通行方式，實際上他們還認(rèn)為它（鐵路）是構(gòu)成世界和平的因素，由此可推斷選項D“鐵路引領(lǐng)世界走向戰(zhàn)爭”是錯誤的。

3.文章第二段inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementforthetrainmightproduceapoplexy提到對于那些有高血壓的人來說，火車的快速的移動可能會導(dǎo)致中風(fēng)，由此可知選項D符合題意。

4.文章第三段第一句theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable提到火車沒有一點舒適感，然后作者又強(qiáng)調(diào)了鐵路的不利因素，比如車?yán)锩娴目諝獠睿环忠欢?，環(huán)境舒適度不一樣等。由此可知，作者是反對鐵路的群體。選項A符合題意。

5.文章最后一段最后兩句話提到在開放的三等列車中，他們擁有一種特殊的資源，即可以在任何一個季度遇到雨水。作者將其描述為水平方向的淋雨，可知說辭是比較幽默的。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointsofhisfascinatingcrusade―toabolishtelevision.HisbookFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisanAmericancultbestseller,andaftereighteditionsitisstillgeneratingconcernandsavagedebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawarehowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertising.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitasadeep,profoundanddisturbingactbythefewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave.Picturesformedby300,000tinydancingdotsaltering30timespersecond,bombardtheireyesaspeoplescantheimages10timesasecond.Thebrainregistersandstoresall30images,buttheconsciousmindregistersfarfewer.But,arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate,thecrucialmessageshavegonehome.

HefurtherarguesthatTVisdeadeningexperienceasitisrestrictedtojusttwosenses—sightandsound.“Perceptionisdulledandflattered”,saysMander,“whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.”Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingaflickeringscreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.Nocultureinhistoryhasspentsuchanenormousamountoftimelookingatartificiallight,saysMander,andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment.Researchersdonotknowiflife-longTVexposureisaphysicalriskornot,butasManderwouldargue,whyruntherisk?Itisimportantthatpeoplegetupnowandswitchoffbeforetheharmisdone,theymightalsobecomebrainwashed,orwhoknow,theymightevenbeapproachingdeath.

1.FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisabookwhich（）.

2.JerryManderobjectstoTVadvertisingmainlybecause（）.

3.Manderthinkspeople’sfeelingsandbehaviourarechangingbecause（）.

4.BywatchingTVforseveralhourseverynight,Manderimpliesthat（）.

5.MandersuggeststhatviewingTVoverlongperiodsoftime（）.

問題1選項

A.causeddistresstomanyAmericans

B.achievedgreatsuccessoverseas

C.arousednation-wideinterest

D.expressedtheviewsofafascinatingman

問題2選項

A.theunderlyingprinciplesconcernmoney-making

B.itisineffectualingettingitsmessageacross

C.afewpeoplearedeeplydisturbedbyit

D.thevaluesitconveysareacceptedbyall

問題3選項

A.thebrainisdamagedbytoomuchsittingbeforethetelevision

B.theconsciousmindisincapableoffilteringimagestothebrain

C.theireyesscanaTVscreen10timesasecond

D.theconsciousmindisunabletorejecttheimageitsees

問題4選項

A.peoplewouldlosetheuseoftheirothersenses

B.people’sexperienceoflifewouldbecomedeadened

C.people’sabilitytorespondtoeventswouldlessen

D.peoplewouldcometodependononlytwosenses

問題5選項

A.couldleadtodeath

B.mightcausebraindamage

C.couldendangerpeople’shealth

D.wouldmakecellsmalignant

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“HisbookFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisanAmericancultbestseller,andaftereighteditionsitisstillgeneratingconcernandsavagedebateintheUSA.”，可知《消除電視的四個理由》是美國的狂熱暢銷書，經(jīng)過八個版本之后，仍在美國引起關(guān)注和激烈的辯論?？膳袛喑鲞@本書引起了全國的興趣。選項C符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitasadeep,profoundanddisturbingactbythefewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.”，可知他認(rèn)為，廣告是為了利益而植入價值觀，是少數(shù)人為了一個不重要的目的對多數(shù)人采取的一種深刻而煩擾的行為?？膳袛喑鯦erryMander反對電視廣告主要是因為其基本原則與利益相關(guān)。選項A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate,thecrucialmessageshavegonehome.”，可知曼德認(rèn)為，即使你有意識地拒絕或懷疑你所看到的一切，也為時已晚，關(guān)鍵的信息已經(jīng)傳達(dá)到家了?？膳袛喑雎抡J(rèn)為人們的情感和行為正在發(fā)生變化的原因在于有意識的大腦無法過濾傳遞到大腦的信息，人們已經(jīng)潛意識里受到了影響。選項B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingaflickeringscreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.”，可知人們只是被動地坐著，每晚看四個小時閃爍的屏幕，聽虛擬的聲音?？赏茢喑雎抡J(rèn)為，每晚看幾個小時的電視會使人們變得被動，反應(yīng)能力會減弱。選項C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“saysMander,andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,”，可知曼德認(rèn)為，另一個令人擔(dān)憂的事實是，長時間暴露在人造光下會改變?nèi)祟惣?xì)胞?？膳袛喑鲩L時間看電視對人體健康有害。選項C符合題意。

4.單選題

TheTVprogramisso（）thatIcan’tmovemyeyesawayfromthescreen.

問題1選項

A.freestanding

B.devastating

C.compelling

D.fascinating

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這個電視節(jié)目如此吸引人,以至于我眼睛不能從屏幕上移開。

考查形容詞辨析。freestanding獨立式的;devastating毀滅性的;compelling引人注目的,強(qiáng)制的,激發(fā)興趣的;fascinating迷人的,吸引人的,使人祌魂顛倒的。由后半句句意可知D正確。

5.單選題

Althoughhehadbeengivenseveraltraffictickets,thedriver（）thathehadnotbeenresponsibleforasingleaccident.

問題1選項

A.defended

B.acknowledged

C.inferred

D.contended

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。defend辯護(hù)；acknowledged承認(rèn)，確認(rèn)；inferred推測；contended主張，為…競爭。句意：盡管他收到了幾張交通罰單，但司機(jī)辯護(hù)稱他對這幾起交通事故都沒有責(zé)任。由Although可知前后兩句是讓步關(guān)系。雖然該司機(jī)收到幾張罰單，但他辯護(hù)….故A項符合句意。

6.單選題

Thegovernmentwill（）theeconomynextyearanddevelopthetraderelationswithothercountriesquickly.

問題1選項

A.abuse

B.amount

C.accumulate

D.accelerate

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：明年，政府將（）經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，并且快速同其他國家發(fā)展貿(mào)易關(guān)系。abuse濫用，虐待；amount總計，合計；accumulate積累，積聚；accelerate促進(jìn)；（使）加快。因此，D項符合句意。

7.單選題

Itriedveryhardtorestrainraylaughter,buttearsstartedflowingdownmycheeksandIbegan______.

問題1選項

A.proffering

B.defrauding

C.guffawing

D.deflecting

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.proffering遞上，提供；提出B.defrauding欺騙；詐騙

C.guffawing哄笑，大笑著說D.deflecting使轉(zhuǎn)向；使傾斜

【答案】C

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“我努力抑制住自己的笑聲，但是眼淚開始順著我的臉頰流了下來，我開始______”可知，“我努力抑制笑聲，但是眼淚留下來了”，所以“我忍不住大笑起來”，空格處填入C項符合句子意思。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合句意。

【句意】我竭力想忍住笑聲，但眼淚開始從我的臉頰上流下來，我開始大笑起來。

8.單選題

Thenovelcontainssomemarvelouslyrevealing（）ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.

問題1選項

A.glances

B.glimpses

C.glares

D.gleams

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。glance掃視，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的快速性；glimpse一瞥，粗略地一看，強(qiáng)調(diào)快速但不完整的“一瞥”；glare怒視，強(qiáng)調(diào)目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地“注視”；gleam閃光，瞬息的一現(xiàn)，還可指情感流露。根據(jù)句意可知，選項B更符合語境。

9.單選題

Myth.（）,SirIsaacNewtondescribedthelawsofgravitation.

問題1選項

A.Wasaseventeenth-centuryscientist

B.Whowasseventeenth-centuryscientist

C.Aseventeenth-centuryscientist

D.Whenwasaseventeenth-centuryscientist

【答案】C

【解析】語法題?？崭窈竺媸峭暾木渥?，因此空格部分要么是從句，要么是同位語解釋說明SirIsaacNewton，故排除A項。B項是who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，who引導(dǎo)定語從句時，結(jié)構(gòu)一般如下：名詞/代詞+who+從句，因此B項排除。而17世紀(jì)科學(xué)家是一個持續(xù)性概念，一般不會說“當(dāng)他是一個17世紀(jì)科學(xué)家的時候”，所以C項正確。句意：17世紀(jì)的科學(xué)家艾薩克?牛頓爵士對萬有引力定律進(jìn)行了描述。

10.填空題

Contractionoffrontandsidepartsofthebrain—ascellsdieoff—wasobservedinsomesubjectsintheirthirty,butitwasstillnotevidentinsomesixty—andseventy-year-olds.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Cthirty改為thirties

【解析】【考查點】固定表達(dá)。

【解題思路】inone’sthirties意思為“在某人三十多歲時”，這里指的年齡是概數(shù)。

【句意】有的人大腦前部和側(cè)部的收縮——隨著細(xì)胞的死亡——在三十多歲時就能被觀察到了，但是也有些人直到六七十歲依然不明顯。

11.寫作題

Directions:Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic.RemembertowriteyourcompositiononANSWERSHEETII.

“MyViewsaboutAmbitionMakesaMan”

【答案】略

12.單選題

NazismandFascismwere（

）tobethrownintothedumpofhistory.

問題1選項

A.deposited

B.doomed

C.damned

D.deserved

【答案】B

【解析】句意:納粹和法西斯主義注定要被扔進(jìn)歷史的垃圾堆。

固定搭配。bedoomedto注定。

13.單選題

（

）thatyourdaughteriswellagain,younolongerhaveanythingtoworryabout

問題1選項

A.Since

B.When

C.Now

D.After

【答案】C

【解析】句意:既然你女兒恢復(fù)了健康，那么你就沒有什么需要擔(dān)憂的了。

考查固定搭配。sincethat從那以后。whenthat在語法上是錯誤的。nowthat既然…。afterthat從那以后。因此C符合句意。

14.單選題

Moderntechnologyhasputmenonthemoonanddecipheredthehumangenome.Butwhenitcomestobrewingupflutomakevaccines,sciencestillturnstotheincredibleedibleegg.Eversincethe1940s,vaccinemakershavegrownlargebatchesofvirusinsidechickeneggs.Butgiventhatsome36,000Americansdieofflueachyear,it’sremarkablethatourfirstlineofdefenseisstillwhatSecretaryofHealthandHumanServicesTommyThompsoncalls"thecumbersomeandarchaicegg-basedproduction."Newcell-basedtechnologiesareinthepipeline,however,andmayfinallygetthesupporttheyneednowthattheUnitedStatesisfacedwithacriticalshortageoffluvaccine.Althoughexpertsdisagreeonwhethernewwaysofproducingvaccinecouldhavepreventedashortageliketheonehappeningtoday,thereisnodoubtthattheexistingsystemhasseriousflaws.

Eachyear,vaccinemanufacturersplaceadvanceordersformillionsofspeciallygrownchickeneggs.Meanwhile,public-healthofficialsmonitorcirculatingstrainsofflu,andeachMarchtheyrecommendthreestrains—twoinfluenzaAstrainsandoneBstrain—formanufacturerstoincludeinvaccines.Inthelatespringandsummer,automatedmachinesinjectvirusintoeggsandlatersuckouttheinfluenza-richgoop.Virusfromtheeggs’innardsgetskilledandprocessedtoremoveeggproteinsandothercontaminantsbeforebeingpackagedintovialsforfallshipment.

Whyhasthiseggmethodpersistedforsixdecades?Themainreasonisthatit’sreliable.Buteventhoughtheeggsarereliable,theyhaveseriousdrawbacks.Oneisthelongleadtimeneededtoordertheeggs.Thatmeansit’shardtomakemorevaccineinahurry,incaseofashortageorunexpectedoutbreak.Andeggsmaysimplybetoocumbersometokeepupwiththehundredsofmillionsofdosesrequiredtohandlethedemandforfluvaccine.

What’smore,someflustrainsdon’tgrowwellineggs.Lastyear,scientistswereunabletoincludetheFujianstraininthevaccineformulation.Itwasarelativelynewstrain,andmanufacturerssimplycouldn’tfindaquickwaytoadaptitsothatitgrewwellineggs.“Weknewthestrainwasoutthere,”recallsTheodoreEickhoffoftheUniversityofColoradoHealthSciencesCenter,“butpublic-healthofficialswereleftwithoutavaccineand,consequently,amoreseverefluseason.”

Worse,thevirusesthatposethegreatestthreatmightbehardesttogrowineggs.That’sbecauseglobalpandemicsliketheonethatkilledover50millionpeoplebetween1918and1920arethoughttooccurwhenabirdinfluenzachangesinawaythatletsitcrossthespeciesbarrierandinfecthumans.Sincehumanshaven’tencounteredthenewvirusbefore,theyhavelittleprotectiveimmunity.ThedeadlybirdflucirculatinginAsiain1997and1998,forexample,worriedpublic-healthofficialsbecauseitspreadtosomepeoplewhohandledbirdsandkilledthem—althoughthebugnevercirculatedamonghumans.Butwhenscientiststriedtomakevaccinetheold-fashionedway,thebirdfluquicklykilledtheeggs.

1.Themoon-landingismentionedinthefirstparagraphtoillustrate（）.

2.Whatstepisessentialtothetraditionalproductionoffluvaccine?

3.Theforemostreasonwhytheegg-basedmethodisdefectiveliesin（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Intheauthor’sview,thenewvaccineproductionmethodseemstobe（）.

問題1選項

A.technologycannotsolveallofourhumanproblems

B.progressinvaccineresearchforinfluenzahaslaggedbehind

C.greatachievementshavebeenmadebymeninexploringtheunknown

D.thedevelopmentofvaccineproductionmethodscannotbestopped

問題2選項

A.Manufacturersimplantthevaccineintoorderedchickeneggs.

B.Scientistsidentifytheexactstrainsoonafteraflupandemicstarts.

C.Publichealthmeasuresaretakenasanimportantpandemic-fightingtool.

D.Virusesaredeadenedandmadecleanbeforebeingputintovaccineuse.

問題3選項

A.thecomplexprocessofvaccineproduction

B.itspotentialthreattohumanbeing

C.thelowsurvivalratefornewfluvaccines

D.itscontributiontothefluvaccineshortage

問題4選項

A.Fluvaccinesnowmainlyuseegg-basedtechnology.

B.Abirdinfluenzahasoncecirculatedamonghumans.

C.Safetycanbegreatlyimprovedwithcell-culturevaccines.

D.Modernvaccineproductionmethodsaretoreplaceegg-basedmethods.

問題5選項

A.remarkable

B.criticized

C.efficient

D.accepted

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞themoonlanding定位到文章第一段第一句“Moderntechnologyhasputmenonthemoonanddecipheredthehumangenome”，現(xiàn)代技術(shù)已經(jīng)把人類送上了月球，并破譯了人類基因組。緊接著第二句出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，說到涉及培養(yǎng)流感病毒生產(chǎn)疫苗時，科學(xué)家們居然還在使用可食用雞蛋。全文主要講述的是“雞蛋培育流感疫苗的方法”，因此此處提到“themoonlanding”只是以某方面的發(fā)達(dá)科技為下文論述做鋪墊，因此B選項“流感疫苗研究進(jìn)展滯后”符合題意。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。文章第二段介紹了本題說到的thetraditionalproductionoffluvaccine傳統(tǒng)的流感疫苗生產(chǎn)過程。A選項“制造商將疫苗植入訂購的雞蛋中”錯在是“automatedmachinesinjectvirus”而不是制造商；B選項“科學(xué)家在流感大流行開始后不久就確定了確切的毒株”在文中未提及確定毒株的速度；C選項“公共衛(wèi)生措施是抗擊疫情的重要手段”也未在本文提及；D選項“在投入疫苗使用之前，病毒被殺死并凈化”對應(yīng)第二段最后一句“Virusfromtheeggs’innardsgetskilledandprocessedtoremoveeggproteinsandothercontaminantsbeforebeingpackagedintovialsforfallshipment”，雞蛋內(nèi)部的病毒被殺死，經(jīng)過處理去除雞蛋蛋白和其他污染物，然后包裝成小瓶，準(zhǔn)備秋季裝運(yùn)。因此D選項正確。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第一句What’smore,someflustrainsdon’tgrowwellineggs.（更重要的是，有些流感病毒在雞蛋里生長不好）。C選項“新流感疫苗的低存活率”，文中說流感病毒在雞蛋中生長得不好，由此可推斷，流感疫苗的存活率低。A選項“疫苗生產(chǎn)的復(fù)雜過程”，不符合題意，可排除。B選項“它對人類的潛在威脅”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項“它導(dǎo)致了流感疫苗的短缺”，不符合題意，可排除。因此C選項正確。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。A選項“流感疫苗現(xiàn)在主要使用基于雞蛋的技術(shù)”對應(yīng)文章第一段中作者對于現(xiàn)在依然使用雞蛋生產(chǎn)流感疫苗感到不可思議，同時D選項“現(xiàn)代疫苗生產(chǎn)方法正在取代以雞蛋為基礎(chǔ)的方法”可由此排除；B選項“禽流感曾經(jīng)在人類中傳播”在文中最后一段倒數(shù)第二句中有“althoughthebugnevercirculatedamonghumans”說明這種禽流感并未在人類中傳播過，可排除；C選項“細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)疫苗可以大大提高安全性”，文中未提到新方法的安全性，因此排除C。

第5題:5.觀點態(tài)度題。此處問的是作者對于新疫苗培育方法的態(tài)度。第一段最后提到，新的細(xì)胞生產(chǎn)技術(shù)已經(jīng)投入使用，并且可能最終得到支持。因此可推斷出作者認(rèn)為這個方法是有可能被接受的。D選項accepted正確。

15.單選題

Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness.

問題1選項

A.retarding

B.perusing

C.detaining

D.attaining

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項retard“延遲，阻止，妨礙”，B項peruse“詳細(xì)考察，精讀”，C項detain“拘留，留住，耽擱”，D項attain“達(dá)到，實現(xiàn)，獲得”。由afun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappiness“充滿樂趣、沒有痛苦的生活等于幸福”，結(jié)合actually“實際上”可知，reducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness表示“減少獲得真正幸福的機(jī)會”符合語境。句意：人們相信充滿樂趣、沒有痛苦的生活就等于幸福，這實際上減少了他們獲得真正幸福的機(jī)會。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

16.單選題

Bytheyearof2025,scientistsprobably______acureforcancer.

問題1選項

A.willbediscovering

B.arediscovering

C.willhavediscovered

D.havediscovered

【答案】C

【解析】考查將來完成時。句意：到2025年，科學(xué)家們可能已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了治療癌癥的方法。根據(jù)語境，可知這個句子的時態(tài)是將來完成時，在這里表示將來完成時表示在將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作，其結(jié)構(gòu)是will（第二、三人稱）+have+過去分詞（done），C選項willhavediscovered符合題意。因此C選項正確。

17.單選題

SinceMr.Whitediedayearago,therehasbeendiscordinthefamilyaboutthedivisionoftheestate.

問題1選項

A.distinctions

B.disagreements

C.disadvantages

D.discussions

【答案】B